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Full text of "International Herald Tribune , 1981, France, English"

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Published with The New York Times and The Washington I Y*sfr-i', 


PAMS, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15,1981 


Basisfor 
it Taiwan 


• • .-. By^Michael Parks is alro obviously intended to in- 

'■r ’s^J. - - - Wakmgu* Past Service _ crease pressure on the Nationalists 
' -v.;. KONG KONG— The Chinese . . to agree to negotiations with the 
a ■ Communists have sjgmfvcantly. Communists on Taiwan’s reunifi- 
*> broadened their proposal for talks cation with the Chincgc- mainlan d 
- ksfc. with their longtime Nationalist ^Although Taiwan’s formal pcsi- 
> a \ ’^i. rivals cm Taiwan and are now rtf- tion remans firmly “no, never” to 
"" feting to negotiate a “power-shar- any political contact with Pelting, 

- ~ ^ : ts. jpg arrangement” 'as pan-of.-a plain Nationalist offic ials on the island 
. • J:AV ;ot the country's reunification, have recently discussed their likely 
•vi. 'ft pro-Comtnumst' sources said here conditions for such negotiations. 

• » , » Monday. — 

:.. c - *. Recent Hong" Kong and over- . *BluffBeingCaBetP 

1 - u'\ 'rscxr Omese visitors to Peking - " A __ .. ... 

I-, ? " have been asked by top Cbjnes? ^^ rt te^? dpr 9 babl y l5e 
.. =* feaders, mdndmg Deng Xiaoping. of the wp parties, a na- 

.' . the ComimS^pMTys >ovraf5 f 0 ** 1 ”** for T*™ s 

. ; vice chairman, to canveTto the W , r ?S 5 ? tlotl ** ^ 

-• Zsjx Nationalists a new offer rtf “talks P re " 

■*.- X r- on the basis of equality," the usu- SSrSELnSf Nationahsts 

.. ■ ’ reU ' inf - ^ 

.. ^'v Implicit in.the latest proposal, acceptprovindalslams. 

7 -itr ■{ visitors were assured, would be . “The Nationalists intended their 
: - j^'svreal role for the Nationalists in conditions to be an effective bam- 
-T _ s ^Y-the central government. once ’ a 4) negotiations so they would 
1 vi v>r: Taiwan was reunited with the n ever h ave to talk." a leading pro- 
: •%- 'mainland- This might include, one Communist in Hong Kong said. 

• • - ' source said, quoting an «t»mpU. “Their bluff is being called 

"‘^t^pwen by Mr. Dong, the appoint-, now...but this is a serious offer, 
.T mentor the Nationalists’ skilled not & tactical ploy.’* 

-7' 7^ economic planners tokey posts to still, the initial Taiwan reaction 
.^. oversee me country's mdustnal ^ to dismiss the proposal as m- 
. . moacmizauon. - rincere, according to other so feces 

'■ ^ ^ • V "■A Major Step ' - who relayed the message. The%la- 

.7 V ’ Peking's offer is a major step, t f aaK * s r< ^ Kod formally, 

- ^'mSS to the proSunS *ey + «3«a f negotiations, what- 
: r^iooreS! toward nteeting the Na- fywthe conditions, and regard the 

.. . -."•^lionaHst demand3ata?vnegptia- .??* *** Communist attempt to 

-r-***m be conducted on diSof J^S?SL£f5S2L“ *“ 
... -/ ; full equality and over the future of “““ot be done mihtiuily. 

_ " * the whole country, not just thni of " Peking hopes as it makes in- 

_ *;' 1= the Nationalist-held island of crcasu^fy forthcoming proposals 

-- - ^ Taiwan. 'to undermine Taiwan’s position, 

1 The proposal, outlined in part bolh_al.home and abroad, to grad- 
: : -: by the leading Communisi news- ‘“Dy MW. a momentum ior talks 
• • -et. paper in Hong Kong and an an- tiMtt the Nationalist,leaders will 
‘ : « ^ • tboritative, independent m a g ari n e, 1 (Continued on Page 2, CoLl) 



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U.S. Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig Jr. at a news conference before leaving Bonn. 

Haig Affirms U.S, Commitment 
To Consultations With Its Allies 


J " economic planners to key posts to 
" '7/ orasec the country's indus trial 

modernization. ' / ' - 

• • ']*?' r V- ■ A s*<¥■ 

: 7 Peking’s offer is a magor sl«>, 
according to the proGommnnist 
o . 7 .^ sources, toward meeting the Na- 
.. tfanaHst demand that anyjiegptia- 

- • -r;.?-: Sims be conducted on the basis of 

— full equality mid over the future of 

_ “;*J> the. whole country, not just tiai of' 
‘ 1= die Nationalist-held ' island of 

77 5 Taiwan. 

■ r - : * The proposal, outlined in part 
- : : • by the leading Communist news- 

• ' . ~'tt. paper in Himg Kong and an au- 
': ■- rj tboritative. independent m agaTm*^ 


By John Vinocur 

Sew York Times Serricc 

BONN — US. Secretary of State 
Alexander M. Haig Jr. made anew 
attempt Monday to convince the 
public in European NATO coun¬ 
tries that the Reagan administra¬ 
tion is committed to arms reduc¬ 
tion and consultation with its al¬ 
lies. - 

At a news conference in Bonn at 
the end of a four-day European 
trip, Mr. Haig promised “complete 
aim total” discussions concerning 
any eventual deployment of neu¬ 
tron weapons in alliance countries 
and said that, under “ideal condi- 


Franc© Plaiis to Pursue Research 
On Neutr^yeapoBs as Deterrent 


lions,” U.S.-Soviei talks on mid- Soviet Union 10 the allied use of 
. dle-range nudear missile*! begin- chemical poisons in military opera- 

ning this fall could allow the North lions in Afghanistan, Laos and 
of blare Atlantic Treaty Organization to Cambodia. The .Associated Press 
? ean ®j* scrap its dt^Ioyinent plans for reported from Washington. 

|uce the Pershing-2 ana Cruise missiles. [The scientists said they suspect 

O coon- The tone 0 f h] s remarks Soviet involvement in the chemi- 
mn, ^ tra '. appeared to be directed at seg- cally induced deaths of perhaps 
s reduc- ments of the European public that thousands of people in those coun- 
n its al- regard the Reagan administration tries in recent years but conceded 
as pushing Western Europe and that they had' no firm evidence 
Bonn at West Germany in particular, pointing directly to the Russians, 
uropean toward confrontation with the So- the AP said, 
omplete viet Union. The administration’s [Use of such chemicals would be 
icerning decision to produce neutron weap- a violation of a 56-year-old inter- 
of neu- ons and NATO’s 1979 decision to national agreement The scientists 
onatries dqploy the middle-range weapons said the chemical agents used are 
J condi- have been particular targets for the common to cold climates and ex- 
groups making up what is widely pressed doubt that any of the three 
referred to as the peace movement countries has the capability of pro- 
_ Mr. Haig went as far as saying ducing the weapons in the quanti¬ 
fy that the peace movement — its ties employed over the last five 

backers sponsored a demonstra- years. 

tion against Mr. Haig in West Ber- (But, as one expert said, “We 
*§f-. - lin on Sunday—involved, in pan, . don’t know if they [the chemicals] 
JUjti “an objective assessment by honest. -have been produced in the Soviet 
. people." ’ Unk»ij."t * '.V ; 


• -i-’L. • By Edv^td'Cd^y' at'llreMeiof a SodtiUst owndeasrmson wuentopusame 

govtxninent and of Communists in nodear button. 

’ ' ..' V'- park onv mm. TbeFreodiCalsnet , In this^-context, Mr. Maurcy 

" a Mf-.hGttcirrandl^, forexam- said, France will continue testing 

- ■ ~ * JJJfJar “} etrybasized the need to be ' the neutron weapons and will not 

- ~ 7 firm vridtt the Soviet Unionon such ' rule out their deployment with 

matiErs as iis intervention in Af- French forces. “It would not be ra- 
depkxyiDart of SS- tional to renounce beforehand ac- 
4: 20 nrissaes in Eastern Europe. At quisitiom of a weapon that could 


From Agency Dupa.chts 

LONDON — Prime Minister 
Margaret Thatcher Monday fired 
three Cabinet critics of her mone¬ 
tarist policies. 

Three junior ministers also lost 
their jobs. The dismissed Cabinet 
members were the deputy foreign 
secretary. Sir Ian Gilmour, the ed¬ 
ucation' minister, Mark Carlisle, 
and Lord Soames, who was gov¬ 
ernment leader in the House of 
Lords. 

Mrs. Thatcher also moved an¬ 
other leading moderate, James Pri¬ 
or, from the Department of Em¬ 
ployment to the Northern Ireland 
Office, where he replaces Hum¬ 
phrey Atkins. Like nis predeces¬ 
sors in that job, Mr. Atkins failed 
10 bring about a political settle¬ 
ment in Ulster. He now replaces 
Sir Ian as deputy foreign secretary. 

Mr. Prior's move to the North- 
era Ireland Office was “obviously 
a disappointment to him,” "a 
spokesman at his office said. 

Sir Ian. 55, said: “I have been 
sacked because I am in diagree- 
meni with the government’s eco¬ 
nomic policy. There is no harm in 
throwing an occasional man over¬ 
board. But it does not do much 
good when you are steering full 
speed ahead for the rocks — and 
that is what the government is 
doing.” 

Norman TebbiL a close confi¬ 
dant of Mrs. Thatcher who shares 
her conviction that inflation must 
be fought with a tough monetarist 
policy, replaced Mr. Prior as em¬ 
ployment secretary. 

Mr. Tebbit, a former airline pi¬ 
lot, was promoted to the Cabinet 
from his present post as a junior 


minister at the Industry Depart¬ 
ment. 

The industry minister. Sir Keith 
Joseph, another of Mrs. Thatcher’s 
closest associates, took Mr. Carli¬ 
sle’s job as education minister. 

Non-Cabinet ministers dis¬ 
missed were the Scottish office un¬ 
dersecretary. Russell Fairgrieve, 
the sports minister. Hector Monro, 
and the junior defense minister, 
Philip Goodhart- 

Mrs. Thatcher’s three chief min¬ 
isters. the chancellor of the 
exchequer (finance minister.). Sir 
Geoffrey Howe, the foreign secre¬ 
tary, Lord Carrington, and the 
home secretary (interior minister), 
William Whitelaw, remain in the 
Cabinet in their present posts. 

Nigel Lawson, financial secre¬ 
tary at the Treasury, becomes ener¬ 
gy secretary in place of David 
Howell, who becomes transport 
secretary. 

Nicholas Ridley, formerly a jun¬ 
ior Foreign Office minister, is the 
new financial secretary, Patrick 
Jenkin, social services secretary, 
takes Sir Keith’s post as industry 
secretary and is replaced in his job 
at the Social Services Ministry by 
the outgoing transport secretary. 
Norman Fowler. 

In an announcement from her 
office at 10 Downing Street, Mrs. 
Thatcher dismissed Lord Soames. 
who guided Rhodesia ro independ¬ 
ence as Zimbabwe, from Ins senior 
post as lord president of the coun¬ 
cil. leader of the House of Lords 
and civil service minister. 

Lord Thomeycroft, 72-year-old 
chairman of the Conservative Par¬ 
ty, was replaced by the trade min¬ 
ister, Cedi Parkinson. 


As speculation intensified over 
the weekend that a reshuffle was 
imminent. Mr. Prior repeated Sun¬ 
day that he warned to keep his job 
as employment secretary, which he 
had held since the Conservatives 
came to power in the general elec¬ 
tion of May. 197 9. 

Mr. Prior, who will be 54 next 
month, takes on the tough North¬ 
ern Ireland assignment as the hun¬ 
ger strike by lnsh nationalist pris¬ 
oners shows little sign of ending. 
The protest has claused 10 lives 
since it started March I and has 
damaged Britain’s image overseas. 

Mr. Prior has been one of Mrs. 
Thatcher's leading Cabinet oppo¬ 
nents since the Conservatives came 
to power. 

The moderates have been urging 
Mrs. Thatcher to relent from her 
monetarist policies to ease the ef¬ 
fects of Britain's worst economic 
slump since the Great Depression. 
They seek some reflation of the 
economy and measures to tackle 
unemployment, which is at a 50- 
year peak of 12.2 percent, or near¬ 
ly 3 million out of work. 

Ministerial changes were expect¬ 
ed now that Mrs. Thatcher has 
reached about halfway through the 
life of her government. Another 
election is due by May. 19S4. 

Earlier in the day the Bank of 
England raised its short-term inter¬ 
est rates sharply, signaling a tough¬ 
ness in the government's economic 
policy. It lent £79 million (about 
5145 million) to money market dis¬ 
count houses at an overnight rate 
of 13.75 percent. This was a rise of 
about 1.5 percentage points from 
last week. 


Senate Leader Says Congress Seeks 
Larger Cut in Pentagon Spending 


a speech marking his first com- 

_>pnehen«ve review of Socialist nrih- 

v.x-* -d^Ury policies, repeatedly stressed 
■ ; ^ French commitment to the Atlan- 
\."7 ^ -^. ocsninuaity ranged, against the 

• - j-j^ Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact 
—Z rvaffies in Eastern Europe. 

* H As you see,” he said, address- 
s^r - ingihe Institute of Hjgher Nation, 
• V- * Defense Studies, “France’s pofi- 

cy.is not at all. neutralist ... 
-'■"France intends to remain faithful 
_,.. toils allies, with the United States 
the front row." 

, .. Clear Distinction 

•ltd.’ 

**■ This declaration of faith in 
.^ ■France's traditional role as a major 
•^^T^Vesterir ally reinforced several 
^--•"^^Atensents by President Francois 
Mitterrand since his May 10 dec- 
ion that have won praise from the 
Reagan administration despite ear- 


wedc as to call Mr. Reagan’s poli¬ 
cy on Central America “simplis¬ 
tic.’’ 

Paris under the Socialists thus 
scans to be following a .two-track 
approach — agreement mid coop¬ 
eration with Washington on meet¬ 
ing Soviet power with equivaleal 
Western might in Europe, but disa¬ 
greement on the origins of turmoil 
in the Third World and the best 
way to respond to it 


. Mr. Mauroy also made -it dear 
that France under Mr. Mitterrand 
vrill continue its independent nu¬ 
clear force. This has been' a key¬ 
stone of French military policy 
. since De Gaulle pulled out of the 
North Atlantic’ Treaty Organiza¬ 
tion’s. integrated command in 
1966, remaining a NATO member 
but reserving the right to make its 


owever, he has increase our deterrent potential," 
motion between he declared. 

. policy on the [French Communist leaders 
ng so far last have criticized Socialist govern- 
. Reagan’s poh- meat policies and warned that 
aerica “rimplis- their support for the administra¬ 
tion of Pres dent Mitterrand was 
Socialists thug conditional, Reuters reported 
ine a two-track [Party chief Georges Marchais 
seat and coop- said in a television interview, Ip 
ngton on meet- ■B*» t since elections that brought 
with equivaleal the Socialists to power last spring, 
nrope, but disa- ' that the government’s nationaliza- 
izim of turmoil tion plans were insufficient, and 
dand the best *at a wealth tax planned by Mr. 
i Mauroy was inadequate to combat 

inflation- 

s made-it dear [Roland Leroy, editor of the 
Mr. Mitterrand party newspaper l’Hamanite, told 
nkpendent no- a rally that the C ommunist s, who 
as been' a key- have four ministers in Mr. Mau- 
mQitary policy Toy’s Cabinet, were panirirpatmg 
died out of tire in the government, “but are not a 
raty Organiza- party of government” Nor would 
command in Communists be the “uncondition a l 
NATO member advocates” of the government, he 
ghi to make its said.] 


’Seriously Concent&r 

“Clearly, very ■ serious and 
knowledgeable people are extreme¬ 
ly concerned today as they watch 
the level -of armaments grow in 
what could be described as a mind¬ 
less way, between East and West. 
We are all seriously concerned 
about these trends,” he said. 

[The United States said Monday 
that it had compelling preliminary 
evidence that deadly poisons were 
in use as chemical weapons in 
Laos, Cambodia and Afghanistan, 
Reuters reported It said the poi¬ 
sons, winch are called mycotoxins 
and cause death in minutes, were 
linked ro “yellow rain,” a liquid or 
powder sprayed from low-flying 
planes. It strongly suggested they 
were manufactured in the Soviet 
Union.] [The Soviet government 
denied that it has used chemical 
warfare tn Southeast Asia, and 
charged that the United States has 
used chemical agents against its 
ememies. Tass reported Monday 
from Berlin. It said Mr. Haig 
“slanderously charged the Soviet 
Union and its allies with using 
chemical agents in Laos, Cambo¬ 
dia and Afghanistan.” 

[A group of government scien¬ 
tists said Monday that they have 
drcumstantial evidence linking the 


aid, “We By Edward Cowan 

hemicalsl York runa 

he Soviet WASHINGTON — Sen. Pete 
Domenici, the New Mexico Re- 
.The demonstration in Berlin, in publican who is chairman of the 
which Mr. Haig was denounced as Senate Budget Committee, says 
a force of war, resulted in 151 po- a WQonty of the Congress 

licetnen being injured, 10 of them are looking for larger cuts" m 
seriously, env authorities said olannednnlitary spendingthan the 
Monday. There were 105 arrests, $.« When announced Saturday 
and leftist groups said about 70 m S ?> 1 £y the White House, 
people were injured in battles be- Ending several weeks of 
tween the police and demonstra- maneuvering by Defense Secretary 
tom. Caspar W. Weinberger and budget 

According to a West German director David A Stockman, the 
Cabinet official, Mr. Haig was re- White House said President 
sponding to a request by Mr. Reagan had decided on cuts of S13 
Schmidt when he told a questioner hiUron in projected military spend- 
■al the news conference, “I can af- ^8 hi fiscal years 1982-84 instead 
firm that we have not rejected the tiie 520 billion to $30 billion 


Compared to the 575 billion that predicted by the administration. 
Mr. Stockman has said must be benefits would go up 6.9 percent, 
saved from projected 1983-84 out- The chairman of the House 
‘ays Vo fulfil) Mr. Reagan's goal of - Budget Committee, Rep. James R. 
a balanced budget in 1984, polili- Jones, Democrat of Oklahoma, 


zero option 
ence to a po 
with the So 


woposal" — a refer¬ 
able outcome in talks 
et Union that would 


sought by Mr. Stockman. Fiscal 
1982 starts on Oct. I. 

The White House also said Mr. 


remove the necessity for NATO to Reagan had pared 521 billion or so 
deploy the Pershing and Cruise from the total funding for the De- 
missfles. Tense Department to be requested 

The reply, which seemed aimed from Congress. Only SI3 billion of 
at members of the chancellor's So- that sum was to be spent in the 
dal Democratic Party who support next three years, 
the zero option, was surprising be- Arriving late Sunday at the 
cause US. officials have stated pri- While House from a weekend at 
vately for years that avoidance of Camp David, Md., Mr. Reagan de- 
deployment is quite unlikely. Mr. fended his proposal to cut only a 
Haig appeared to have said as relatively small amount from the 


much in a television interview Sun- military bad; 
day: “It is sometimes rather ludi- that "we’ve 1 


He told reporters 
i cutting a budget 


crous to debate an issue in which that has been overgrown and ex- 
we are faced with some 1,000 war- travagant over the years while in 


heads already d 
and other Soviet 


Arafat and Assad Guided by Suspicion, Not Trust 


By Loren Jenkins 

tVahingum Past Service 
BEIRUT — In the heady pub- 

- lie posturing that dually masks 
Z fhe true nature of their politics, 

it has always been a cardinal ar- 

- tide of public faith that Yasser 
Arafat’s Palestine liberation Or¬ 
ganization has no greater cham¬ 
pion, or ftieaiL'than Syrian Pres¬ 
ident Hafez, al-Assad.. 

- - When the cameras are turned 

on rite two leaders at periodic 
Arab summit' conferences or 
their own regular meetings, they 
invariably are shown embracing 
warmly and Ai i Wi g ^-~» yma> 4 y 

; Mr. Arafa t,. dressed, in has tradi¬ 
tion al kaffiyeh headdress, and 
Mr. Assad, in his French-cat 
business suits, incessantly speak 
to their public of the brother¬ 
hood between the Syrian and 
r Palestinian people. 

Trying Cooperation 
But it is no' secret that the re- 
. iatiooship between Mr. Arafat 
. and Mr. Assad, his hard-nosed 
benefactor, has never been an 
easy one. In the age-old ways of. 

the desert, it is suspicion, not 

trust, that rules their pohtical re- 
iaiionship. 

"It has always .been a. mar-. 
riage of convenience /' 1 a PLO of¬ 
ficial in Beirut said.'“We .Pales¬ 
tinians detest the Syrians and 
they detest us. Bui we have to 
live together, all the same:”v 
Life together, of late, has be¬ 


come more trying than normal. 
PLO officials are quietly blam¬ 
ing Syria for orchestrating an 
. underhanded campaign lb..dis¬ 
credit Mr. Arafat at. the very 
time he is trying to present him¬ 
self to the world as the diplomat¬ 
ic statesman he would Eke to be, 
rather than the giro-wielding ter¬ 
rorist his enemies in Israel mast 
he will remain forever. 

PLO sources say the campaign 
against Mr. Arafat includes 
plots against PLO diplomatic 
representatives in Europe, prob¬ 
ably even the shooting in War¬ 
saw of Mr. Arafat’s PLO cd- 
league Abu Daoud, and an em¬ 
barrassing attempt to tar the 
PLO with a terrorist attack 
against a synagogue last month 
In Vienna. In some knowledge¬ 
able circles hoe, it is even al¬ 
leged that the anti-PLO cam- 
pawn led to Iasi week's assassi¬ 
nation, of the French ambassa¬ 
dor .'to Lebanon, Lonis 
Ddamare, whose only crime 
may have been his escort of 
French-Minister of External Re¬ 
lations Claude Cheysson to an 
encounter with Mr. Arafat in 
Beirut only days. before his 
death.. 

PLO suspicion that Syria is 
behind afl these events hinges on 
the hosphafity Syria has extend¬ 
ed recently to a disparate coll ec¬ 
tion of anti-Arafat Palestinian 
dissidents grouped around a Pal- 
■ estinian renegade named Mazem 


Sabry al-Banaa, who goes by the 
code name of Abu NiaaL 

In the Arab world. Mr. Arafat 
probably has no more implaca¬ 
ble enemy than Abu Nidal, a 
former member of his own or¬ 
ganization whom Mr. Arafat ex¬ 
pelled in 1972 and later sen¬ 
tenced to death in absentia for 
his violent opposition to _ any 
consideration of a negotiated 
settlement of the Arab-Israeli 
conflict. Abu NidaTs heresy was 
to insist that the gun and not the 
olive branch was the only possi¬ 
ble solution to the Palestine 
question. 

Even in a region where politi¬ 
cal alliances shift with tire ease 
of sand dimes in a desert storm, 
Abu Nidal-stands out in a class 
aD by himself. 

Umbrefla Organization 

Outlawed by the PLO, the 
umbrella organization of Pales¬ 
tine resistance movements which 
Mr. Arafat has chaired for 12 
long years, Abu Nidal and a 
hardened band of followers soon 
turned up in Baaihist-ruled Iraq. 
They called their organization 
the “Fatah Revolutionary Com¬ 
mand” and, according to Arab 
and Western, intelligence sourc¬ 
es, were soon working for the 
Iraqis, on whom their existence 
depended- From 1976 to 1978 
Aou NidaTs group was held re¬ 
sponsible for a senes of terrorist 
acts in Syria, Iraq’s Ba’athist ri¬ 


val, including a 197S assassina¬ 
tion attempt on Syrian Foreign 
Minuter Abdd Halim Khad- 

iiam 

During the same period Abu 
Nidal was linked to assassina¬ 
tions of PLO diplomatic repre¬ 
sentatives in London, Kuwait, 
Paris, and the Paldstani capital 
of Islxmahflri 

Having been condemned to 
death in absentia by a PLO tri¬ 
bunal for these acts, Abu Nidal 
replied by issuing his own death 
verdicts against Mr. Arafat and 
his second in command, Salah 
Khalaf, usually known as Abu 
Iyad. 

In the wake ot Egyptian Presi¬ 
dent Anwar Sadat’s peacemak¬ 
ing trip to Jerusalem in 1978, 
Arabs opposed' to Mr. Sadat's 
action tried to; put aside tbeir 
own fratriridal 1 disputes. Bagh¬ 
dad, in a gesture of reconcilia¬ 
tion with Mrj Arafat, agreed 
then to rein us Abu Nidal, cur¬ 
tailing his activities, then quietly 
expelled him frpm Iraq in 1979.' 

Unheard of for two years, 
Abu NidaTs £roup, reinforced 
with other dissident Palestinians, 
made one of [he great political 
turnabouts in; the Arab world, 
suddenly cropping up in Syria 
this year, according to both PLO 
and Western diplomatic sources. 
As independents are given no 
more leeway of action in Mr. As¬ 
sad’s Syria pian they had in 
President Saddam Hussein’s 



Idam Hussein’s 


Yasser Ararat 

Iraq, it has been assumed by ev¬ 
eryone from Mr. Arafat on 
down that Abu Nidal, despite 
his earlier war on Mr. Assad's 
regime, had been given Syrian 
intelligence protection of some 
sort to carry but missions that 
Syria itself approved of. 

The first signs that he was 
again going after Mr. Arafat and 
ihe PLO came last spring when 
the PLO uncovered a plot 
a gains t their representative in 
the Yugoslav capital of Belgrade 
that led to the arrest of four 
Palestinians, including one who 
had infiltrated the Belgrade PLO 

(Contmned on Page 2, CoL 1) 


[ on SS-20 the same years, defense has been a 
systems.” poor relative.” 

I tNSMBE 


Sweden Devalues 

The Swedish government de¬ 
values the krona, freezes prices 
and plans to cut spending in 
an attempt to strengthen its 
sagging economy and make its 
exports more competitive. 
Page 19. 


Polish Miners 

The Polish news agency PAP 
reports that 10.000 soldiers 
and recruits have reported for 
work is Poland's coal mines to 
help boost sagging coal pro¬ 
duction. The report follows 
government forecasts of wide¬ 
spread plant closings and pos¬ 
sible economic collapse if coal 
production Is not increased by 
4 million ions this year. Page 


Japan Pressures 

On Japan's northern island of 
Hokkaido, threats of attack by 
rightist extremists have made 
Saioshi Tomizawa deride to 
batten down the doors to the 
new two-story, concrete and 
steel headquarters of the East¬ 
ern Hokkaido Japan-Soviet 
Friendship and Trade Pavi¬ 
lion. Page 3. 

Focus on Nigeria 

A special supplement on Ni¬ 
geria, 21 years after it 
achieved independence, ap¬ 
pears on Pages 7S-18S. 


cal sources said the president's cut 
of the 513 billion may risk still 
more skepticism in financial mar¬ 
kets about an end to deficit spend¬ 
ing. 

Having chosen the low end of 
the range on nuUiary economies, 
budget experts said it appeared 
that Mr. Reagan and Congress 
would have to make even deeper 
cuts in nonmilitary programs, in¬ 
cluding some benefits lor which 
spending and annual increases are 
mandated by law. 

Sen. Domenici said in a televi¬ 
sion interview Sunday that to 
make the necessary savings Con¬ 
gress must curtail increases for 
“entitlements," such as Medicare 
and Medicaid, federal pensions 
and Social Security benefits. 

A White House official, noting 
that Mr. Stockman has opposed 
such economies, said the adminis¬ 
tration was unlikely to seek such 
amailraeuis in fiscal 1982 but 
might do so for later years. 

3 Points Below 

Sen. Domenici proposed that 
automatic cost-of-living increases 
be held three points below the rise 
in the Consumer Price Index for 
three years. Thus, if the CPI were 
to rise in 1981 by the 9.9 percent 


said in a telephone interview that 
Mr. Reagan's S13-biHioo reduction 
from the growth of military spend¬ 
ing “is almost exactly” what his 
committee proposed last spring. 
The president said then, according 
to Rep. Jones, “that it would jeop¬ 
ardize our security." 

Rep. Jones said he believed 
Congress would "have to find a 
way to raise revenue” to achieve a 
balanced budget by 1984 because, 
in his estimate, it would be unwill¬ 
ing to cut enough from military 
and domestic programs. 

Sen. Domenici, emphasizing the 
overall fiscal problem, was openly 
disapproving of the size of Mr. 
Reagan’s military cut, although he 
did not criticize the president di¬ 
rectly. 

“A majority of my committee 
and a majority of the Congress are 
looking for huger cuts than that,” 
he said. “The military will have to 
present their five-year plan in de¬ 
tail They have not done that to 
this point. If they are convincing, 
they will get their way. If not, I 
believe there will be additional 
cuts required." 

Later, he added that the overall 
military spending cuts “should be 
more in the neighborhood of $30 
biUioa." 


Conservatives Lead Labor 
In First Returns in Norway 


Reuters 

OSLO —Norway's Conservative 
Party was making large gains over 
the Labor government of Premier 
Gro Harlem Brundtland in general 
elections Monday, official comput¬ 
er forecasts showed. 

The predictions indicated a 
swing of 6.9 percent to the opposi¬ 
tion Conservative Party led by 
Kaare Willoch, a economist. If the 
trend continued, the Conservatives 
would increase their parliamentary 
strength by 15 seats to 56. 

The forecast opened the possi¬ 
bility of a coalition majority 
against Mrs. Brundtland, Nor¬ 
way’s first woman premier, and 
ber party. 

With support from the small 
Center Party and Christian Peo¬ 
ple s Parr/, which could lake 12 
and 15 seats, respectively, in the 
155-member parliament, "the Con¬ 
servatives coidd oust Labor. 

Mrs. Brandiland's party had so 
far won 38.1 percent of the vote 
compared with 413 percent at the 
last elections four years ago and 
stood to lose 10 of its 76 parlia- 
mentaiy seats. 

Setback for Labor 

Earlier in the day. the first re¬ 
sults also confirmed an expected 
major setback for the Labor Party 
of Premier Brundtland. 

“It’s too early to draw any firm 
conclusions but it's not looking 
good for us," Labor Party Secre¬ 
tary-General Ivor Leveraas said on 
television. 

The first returns confirmed fore¬ 
casts of a heavy suing to the Con¬ 


servatives, who have promised to 
cut taxes and curb bureaucracy. 

Political analysts said that even 
if the Conservatives do not attain a 
majority. Mr. Willoch probably 
would form a coalition with the 
Center and Christian People’s par¬ 
ties. 

The Labor Party has ruled Nor¬ 
way for much of this century, but 
Mrs. Brundtland. 42, a medical 
doctor, has held office for only 
eight months. 

Advance polling began Sunday 
in some towns, but most Norwegi¬ 
ans, including those in Oslo and 
rural areas, voted Monday. 

An opinion poll taken after a 
television debate lasL Friday and 
published Monday gave Labor 
about 35 percent of the vote and 
the Conservatives about 32 per¬ 
cent. The Center Party was given 7 
percent and the Christian People's 
Party. 11 percent. 

This would cut Labor’s strength 
in the 155-member Storting by 12 
seats, to 64, and produce a clear 
majority for a center-right coali¬ 
tion, which would capture 81 seats. 
The Conservative Party, with 41 
seats in the present parliament, 
would gain 12 seats, according to 
the polL Eleven parties axe contest¬ 
ing the election. 

Prospects of a non-Sodalist elec¬ 
tion victory led to a steady rise in 
Stock prices as the campaign drew 
to a close. Mr. Willoch, 53, has 
promised to stimulate the economy 
with tax cuts of 51.2 billion over 
the next four years and open Nor¬ 
way’s state-dominated oil industry 
to private enterprise. 


/ 


7 




















French Influence Still Pervasive in Ex-Colony of Djibouti 

Africans Accept Continued Presence as Guarantee of Status Quo in Strategic Area 




3v Bcrr.c D»”srr.i-.r. 

DJIBOUTI —Z-r.ic: the p«> 
Mcvn>h of :he Cafe de 

Paris, ceir.c far.* whiriir.e ;n a 
'asp. battleagains: the brutal heat. 
rrer.cn soicjcrs and tejicznauies 
rda\ over co'.d drinks “imported 
from France. 

Opposite the crowded cue ter¬ 
race. across the p aim-lined 2“th of 
June Square, ihe burly French 
owner of Djibouti’s best-appointed 
bookstore chats with a customer, a 
Frenchman of course. .Around Lhe 
comer, a smart boutique offers 
chic dresses from Paris. 

At a roadblock a: the edse of 
the city. 3 member of the budding 
national gendarmerie checks vehi~ 
cles coming in from the arid desert 


hinterland. Three paces behind the 
black policeman, "a >oung French 
of fleer watches over the proceed¬ 
ings. 

In schools across the republic of 
Djibouti. French teachers give les¬ 
sons * hieh differ little from those 
taught in France. In al! but a 
handful of countries where 
Djibouti has embassies, the consu¬ 
lates of France issue visas for its 
former colon}. 

Tune Stands Still 

For anyone who knew the place 
before it became independent on 
June 2“. 1977. time seems to have 
>tood still here. 

The center of Djibouti, one of 
the hottest capitals on earth, still 
looks more like a film set of "Beau 
Geste” or “Casablanca." 


French influence is all-perva¬ 
sive, and the number of French¬ 
men here still stands at around 
12.000. unchanged from the days 
when the country was known first 
as the French Somali Coast and 
later as the French Territory of the 
Afars and the I sos. 

The French presence here in¬ 
cludes about 4.000 troops, by far 
die largest contingent outside Eu¬ 
rope and more than in the rest of 
.Africa combined Men of the 13th 
demibrigade of the Foreign Legion 
account for 3bout a quarter of the 
French forces. 

A squadron of Mirage-3 inter¬ 
ceptors complements a ground 
force equipped with tanks, anti¬ 
aircraft artillery, and howitzers. 
They are far superior in numbers 
and equipment to the national 
armed forces. 


Few other countries are as de¬ 
pendent on their former colonial 
masters as Djibouti, which was 
ruled by France for 115 years. 
"Ours is a classic neocolonial situ¬ 
ation,” said an intellectual here. 
"We probably could not survive 
without the French," 

On the face of it. the French 
presence should invite the wrath of 
black nationalists and prompt con¬ 
demnation from “anti-imperialist" 
countries from Libya to the Soviet 
Union. Yet. there is virtually unan¬ 
imous agreement that French 
troops should stay in Djibouti to 
guarantee the status quo m an area 
of great strategic importance. 

Djibouti, a sparsely populated 
country half the size or Denmark, 
is wedged between Ethiopia and 
Somalia, traditional enemies in the 


Arabs Seeking to Rally Opposition to U.S.-Ismel Pact 


By VC’illiam Griborne 

Bafcepjt ?iT Strt:se 

BEIRUT — The .Arab world has 
accelerated its efforts to rally op¬ 
position to the proposed strategic 
cooperation agreement between 
the United States and Israel, 
branding the pact as a “danger¬ 
ous" change in the Middle East 
and vowing to attack it with a unit¬ 
ed from. 

The five-member, hard-line 
Steadfastness Front, consisting of 
Syria. Libya. South Yemen. .Alger¬ 
ia and the Palestine Liberation Or¬ 
ganization. will reconvene a sum¬ 
mit Tuesday in Libya, official Syr¬ 
ian sources reported. 

Moreover, the November .Arab 
summit scheduled for Rabat will 
be colled upon “to take a bold, ob¬ 
jective and comprehensive stand 
that would put an end to the 
Am ericas-Zionist aggression and 
thwart the joint schemes, new and 
old." said the Iraqi government 
newspaper Al Ttuwra. 

The PLO had yet to issue an of¬ 
ficial statement on the agreement, 
but PLO sources said Prime Minis¬ 
ter Menachem Begin’s offer for Is¬ 
rael to provide protective air cover 
in the Mediterranean for U.S. car¬ 


go ai craft and stockpile UJS. 
equipment left little doubt that 
President Reagan had promised as 
a quid pro quo not to talk with the 
PLO and not to pressure Israel 
against a new military strike 
against Pales tic can guerrillas in 
Lebanon. 

’An Escalation' 

A PLO official called the strate¬ 
gic cooperation plan “an escala¬ 
tion in Lhe American and Israeli 
conspiracy” against Palestinians. 
PLO chief Yasser .Arafat is expect¬ 
ed to attend the reconvened sum¬ 
mit. 

Syrian Foreign Minister Abdel 
Halim Khaddam. at the end of a 
tour of Gulf states to drum up op¬ 
position to the plan, condemned 
Mr. Reagans “hostile policies." 
and urged .Arab governments to at¬ 
tack U.S. interests in the Middie 
East. 

Mr. Khaddam win accompany 
Syrian President Hafez al-Assad to 
Libya for the conference, which 
was first proposed when Libyan 
leader Moamer Qadhafi visited 
Damascus recently. 

In Kuwait, a government 
spokesman said the Israeli-U.S. 


agreement, coupled with “uncon¬ 
ditional and unlimited support 
that the United States has been 
giving 10 Israel has enouraged the 
Jewish state to persist in its expan¬ 
sionist and settlement policies at 
the expense of the other Arabs and 
in defmance of UN resolutions.". 

In his tour. Mr. Khaddam re¬ 
portedly carried personal messages 
from Mtr. Assad to leaders of Saudi 
.Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, 
Qatar. Bahrain and Kuwait. 


Saudis Reported to Oppose Pact 

T.AIF. Saudi .Arabia (API — 
Contrary to U.S. reports, Saudi 
Arabia "strong!v objects to an Is¬ 
raeli-U.S. military cooperation 
pact because it threatens Mideast 
peace, the official Saudi Press 
Agency said Monday. 

The’agency distributed a state- 
mem, attributed to an unnamed 
Saudi official, reacting to a State 
Department claim that Crown 
Prince Fahd. when consulted by 
Secretary of State Alexander NL 
Haig Jr!, did not object to new 
U.s!-lsraeli strategic ties. 

The agency said Prince Fahd 
could not possibly have ignored 


widespread Arab anger over the 
new ties. The Saudi official was 
quoted as saying the agreement 
could plunge the Mideast into "a 
terrible armament race" and that 
his nation “appeals to the United 
States to lake a reasonable, just 
and even-handed stance " 


Begin Ignores Assurances 

NEW YORK (UPI) — Prime 
Minister Begin said Monday that 
he could not rely on assurances 
that the AW ACS reconaissance 
planes the Reagan administration 
plans to sell to Saudi Arabia will 
not be used against Israel. 

Mr. Begin, however, declined in 
a U.S. television interview to say 
wheiher he would order his na¬ 
tion's warplanes to attack the 
AW ACS if he felt they posed a 
threat to Israel 

"1 certainly can’t rely or. such a 
pledge.” he said when asked if he 
received any guarantees from the 
United States that the radar planes 
would not be used against Israel 
“Perhaps the Saudis will not give 
such a pledge." Even if they- did. 
he said, he had no reason to accept 
it. 


PLO-Syrian Alliance Conceals Underlying Disagreement 


(Continued from Page 11 

office. The suspects, according to 
the PLO. were found to have links 
to Abu Nidal. 

In June. Abu Nidal was held re¬ 
sponsible for the assassination of 
Naim Khader. the head of the 
PLO in Brussels. When Abu 
Daoud. the PLO guerrilla chieftain 
held responsible for the planning 
of the l?72 massacre of Israeli ath¬ 
letes in the Munich Olympics, was 
shot five times in a hotel in War¬ 
saw Aug. 1. PLO investigators sus¬ 
pected Abu Nidal rather than the 
Israelis that have so long been 
hunting him. 

Mr. Arafat’s greatest embarrass¬ 
ment. however, has come from ac¬ 
tions alleged to be sponsored by- 
Abu Nidal in Vienna. The choice 
of Austria, the PLO sources say. 
could not have been mere calculat¬ 
ed, For Premier Bruno Kreisky. 
who in 1979 became the first Euro¬ 


pean leader to give the PLO offi¬ 
cial recognition, has been a key fig¬ 
ure in encouraging Mr. .Aral at to 
seek a negotiated peace wuh Israel. 

Abu Nidol's group has been 
blamed with the murder this sum¬ 
mer of the head of the Austrian- 
Israeli friendship society in Vien¬ 
na. an effort to infiltrate two well- 
armed guerrillas into the city on 
the eve of a state visit by Egyptian 
President Sadat (which was can¬ 
celed for security reasons), and the 
sun and grenade attack Aug. 29 by 
two .Arabs on a Vienna synagogue 
that left two dead and 20 injured. 

The synagogue attackers, who 
made a point of identifying them¬ 
selves as members of the PLO de¬ 
spite Mr. Arafat's disavowal of the 
raid have since been identified by- 
Austrian police investigators as 
members of ai-.Asifa, the military 
arm of Abu Nidol's movement. 
Last week. Agence France-Presse 
reported from Paris that al-Asifa 


had claimed responsibility for the 
Vienna attack. 

It is Mr. .Assad's well-known dis¬ 
pleasure with Mr. .Arafat’s recent 
independent diplomacy that has 
led many knowledgeable Arab 
sources — and at least one Beirut 
new spaper — (o point the finger of 
responsibility at Syria for the as¬ 
sassination. after an apparently 
foiled kidnapping attempt of Am¬ 
bassador Delatnare Sept. 4. - 

The investigation into the kill¬ 
ing. which took place within sight 
of the ambassador's Beirut resi¬ 
dence and Syrian Army road¬ 
blocks — one of which the assas¬ 
sins drove through unhindered af¬ 
ter the shooting — is still under 
way. But given the political delica¬ 
cies of Lebanon, its conclusions 
may never be published. 

Sir. Delamare's death is consid¬ 
ered 10 have been a gross mistake 
resulting from panic rather than 
conspiracy. 


China Said to Widen Basis for Taiwan Talks 


(Continued from Page 1) 
find difficult to resist, according to 
diplomatic analysts. 

This offer wifi probably be made 
more enticing and more official 
over the nexi few months, the ana¬ 
lysts believe, and may be elaborat¬ 
ed upon Oct. 10 w hen both Peking 
and Taiwan celebrate the 70th an¬ 
niversary of China's 1911 revolu¬ 
tion that deposed the lost emperor. 

Qi Feng, deputy director of a 
branch of the Chinese news agency 
that serves as Peking's political le¬ 
gation in Hong Kong, told a rexetu 
meeting celebrating the anniver¬ 
sary that the Communist Party be¬ 
lieves negotiations could be held 
with the Nationalists and that 
Taiwan could be reunited with the 
mainland on the basis of lhe prin¬ 
ciples laid down by Dr. Sun Yat- 
sen. leader of the 1911 revolution, 
for the Chinese republic. 

This meets a frequently men¬ 
tioned Nationalist precondition 
for negotiations, a demand usually 
thought of as unacceptable to the 
Communists and thus a protective 
barrier against direct talks. 

Mr. Ql recalling past coopera¬ 
tion between the Communists and 
Nationalists, suggested they 

Bonn Outlines 
Opposition to 
Higher EEC Bill 

Raters 

BRUSSELS — West Germany 
gave the European Economic 
Community a forthright statement 
Monday of its refusal to go on 
paying a rising bill for the commu¬ 
nity. 

The West German position was 
outlined to foreign ministers by its 
deputy foreign minister. Peter Cor- 
terier. at the start of two months of 
rough bargaining over the EECs 
$23-million budget. 

His statement won immediate 
support from Britain, which is also 
fighting for cuts in its EEC mem¬ 
bership bill. 

Lost year. West Germany had to 
pay a net contribution to EEC 
funds of more than $2 billion, 
more than three times os much as 

Britain, the only other net contrib¬ 
utor. Mr. Cart crier said. 

West Germany did not mind 
being the biggest or even Lhe only, 
payer in the EEC. he added. But 11 
did object to being a heavy net 
contributor when other countries 
os rich or richer than West Germa¬ 
ny were making a substantial prof¬ 
it from the EEC budcct 


“should join hands for a third time 
for peaceful reunification of the 
country and building a prosperous 
and powerful motherland." a ma¬ 
jor theme in Peking for the last 
year. 

What was new. however, were 
suggestions by Chinese leaders, in¬ 
ducting Mr. Deng, that future co¬ 
operation could include a major 
governmental role for the Nation¬ 
alists. The suggestion of party-to- 
party talks was also new. and it 

Industrial Nations 
To Boost Aid to 
Poorest Countries 

Reuters 

PARIS — Major industrial coun¬ 
tries have agreed at a conference in 
Paris to boost substantially their 
aid to the world's poorest coun¬ 
tries, officials said Monday. 

A compromise agreement was 
reached al ter a two-week UN con¬ 
ference on development aid that 
was attended by 155 nations. 

Industrial countries said they 
would increase aid to the world’s 
31 poorest nations either by giving 
0.15 percent of their gross national 
product or doubling their present 
contributions. 

The donor countries did not say 
when they would reach these ob¬ 
jectives. only that it would be "in 
the coming years." 

The developing countries’ 
“Group of 7T’ had wanted a com¬ 
mitment of 0.15 percent of GNP 
by 1985 but some industrial coun¬ 
tries said the target was too severe 
in the present economic climate. 
Under the text of the agreement 
that is expected 10 be adopted by 
consensus, industrial countries are 
also committed to strive for an 
overall Third World aid commit¬ 
ment of 0.7 percent of GNP. 


Hiroshima Protests 
To Russia on A-Test 

The AzsixteteJ Press 

TOKYO — The mayor of Hiro¬ 
shima sent a message of protest on 
Monday to the Soviet Union over 
the nuclear detonation it reported¬ 
ly conducted in Siberia on Sunday, 
a' city official said. 

Hiroshima, one of two Japanese 
cities hit by atom bombs in World 
War 11. said in its protest to the 
Soviet ambassador in Japan that it 
abhors nuclear weapons develop¬ 
ment for any reason and that its 
citizens fuel deeply enraged at the 
reported test. 


d time was made to former President 
of the Carter during his recent visit to Pe- 
perous king as well as 10 Hong Kong and 
a ma- overseas Chinese. 

1C k 51 Proposal Vague 

. were Pro-Communist sources declin¬ 
es, in- ed to give full details of the most 
ire 00 - recent Peking offer, saying the pro¬ 
major posal was being left publicly vague 
lation- to allow both sides room to 
rty-to- man never. 

arid it An independent monthly maga¬ 
zine. however, suggested that the 
outcome of such talks would cer- 
>I1S tainly be major ministerial posi¬ 
tions for the Nationalists as well as 
* a substantial say in central govern¬ 
ment policies. In addition, their 
continued authority on Taiwan 
ltJa would be assured. 

Communist newspapers here 
coun- continue to give considerable at- 
nce in tention to proposals that President 
their Reagan as on old friend of Taiwan 
coun- might attempt to bring the two 
Chinese parlies together, a move 
t was that would place considerable 
9 con- pressure on the Nationalists. 

1 that 

ihe> S. African Team 

.orld’s 

E2 Arrives in U.S. 
irKcm For Rugby Tour 

The Associated Press 

{* ?£. CHICAGO — The 36-member. 
” racially-mixed Springboks team 
>tries’ ^ rom So ul ^ Africa arrived in the 
1 -om- Un,ied Slates Monday for a rugby 
pvp tour, making a refueling stop in 
'i' 1 _ Los Angeles and then flying to 
7T “ 7 ~ Chicago, where its first game 
. . against U.S. teams was scheduled 

for Saturday. 

emeni 

led by In Los Angeles “there were 
ies are more cops than demonstrators" 
or an around the American Airlines air- 
immil- craft, an airport security spokes¬ 
man said. The team was greeted by 
a small group of well-wishers when 
it landed at Chicago, but no hec¬ 
klers were on hand. 


The end of the team's New Zea¬ 
land tour was marred by dashes 
Saturday between police and dem¬ 
onstrators protesting South Afri¬ 
ca's policy of apartheid. 

African diplomats have said 
they expect black African nations 
will boycott the 1984 Olympics if 
the team's U.S. visit isn't canceled. 

The Washington Post reported 
Saturday that lhe Soviet Union 
will ask'lhe International Olympic 
Committee to remove the Olym¬ 
pics from Los Angeles if the 
Springbok* are allowed to play in 
the United States. 


The immediate roots of the cur¬ 
rent dispute between Mr. Arafat 
and Mr. Asad go back at least a 
year, when Syria, in support of 
Iran's war with Syria’s own antag¬ 
onists in Iraq, forced die PLO. and 
other members of the so-oiled 
Arab rejectiomst front 10 boycott 
an Arab summit meeting in Am¬ 
man which had been called specifi¬ 
cally to deal with the PLO’s raison 
d’etre, the Israeli issue. 

Since that time, both Mr. Assad 
and Mr. Arafat hare been bitterly 
at odds in private about their rela¬ 
tions, while professing to be broth¬ 
ers in public. 

PLO sources complain that Mr. 
Assad is not willing to allow Mr. 
Arafat any independence of action 
that would undermine his own 
cherished role of primacy over the 
PLO, which depends on Syria for 
arms and security in base areas in 
Lebanon where 30,000 Syrian 
troops are stationed as members of 
the Arab League peacekeeping 
forces. 

While no one has yet linked Abu 
Nidal with the French ambassa¬ 
dor's killing. PLO sources private¬ 
ly ore saying that his actions 
abroad are not necessarily distinct 
from policies conducted by other 
Syrian proxies in Lebanon. The 
use of proxy forces in Middle East 
politics, especially in anarchic Leb¬ 
anon. is a popular tool, because 
such'Forces can be publicly disa¬ 
vowed by their masters or, if neces¬ 
sary, even eliminated. 

What enrages PLO officials in 
Beirut about Abu Nidal's actions 
is the belief that they can only be 
conducted with Syrian approval. 

“In Damascus nobody operates 
on his own.” a PLO official main¬ 
tained. “They only operate when it 
is in Lhe interest of their govern¬ 
ment to do so." 

Russia Lifts Price 
Of Gasoline and 
Consumer Goods 

jVfw York Times Service 

MOSCOW — Prices of gasoline, 
vodka, jewelry and other "nones¬ 
sentials” are to be increased sharp¬ 
ly. Nikolai T. Glushkov, head of 
the state committee on prices, an¬ 
nounced Monday evening. 

Effective Tuesday, gasoline pric¬ 
es will be doubled for the second 
time in less than four years, to 40 
kopeks a liter, or S2 a gallon at the 
official exchange. Mr. Glushkov 
also announced price increases of 
17-27 percent for alcohol and to¬ 
bacco, and of 25-30 percent for 
jewelry, china, carpets, fur, leather 
clothes and quality furniture. 

At Lhe same time, Mr. Glushkov 
declared that the prices of basic 
foods and services would r emain 
unchanged, while prices of some 
other goods like synthetic fabrics, 
wrrisiwatcbes, antibiotics and 
cosmetics would be reduced by 12- 
37 percent. 

The increase followed a pricing 
pattern established in the Soviet 
Union over the past 25 years — 
steep and abrupt increases for 
goods available to only oxte-temh 
of the population coupled with sta¬ 
bility in the cost of heavily subsi¬ 
dized staples and decreases in the 
price of unpopular or overstocked 
goods. 

A critical although officially 
unacknowledged factor in the in¬ 
creases was to soak up mushroom¬ 
ing savings held by Soviet citizens 
in state banks and at home. The 
basic problem is that wage increas¬ 
es since the war have far 
outstripped availability of consum¬ 
er goods, creating what capitalists 
would rail an inflationary condi¬ 
tion. 


troubled Horn of Africa. Both 
have in the past laid claim to the 
area, whose main tribes have eth¬ 
nic cousins across the borders. 

Djibouti lies on the western 
shore of the Bab el Mandeb, the 
17-mile (27-kilomeier) strait which 
Tintf^ the Indian Ocean and the 
Red Sea. Much of the oil shipped 
10 the industrialized West passes 
through the straits. 

The deep-water port here is be¬ 
coming an increasingly' important 
refueling point for LLS. naval ves¬ 
sels operating in the Indian Ocean 
and the Gulf. 

‘Troops Stay' 

“We are here to protect Djibouti 
against outride attack," said a 
French para tr oop colonel. “Ours is 
a deterrent force, here to guarantee 
the independence of Djibouti. It is 
not a matter of French expansion¬ 
ism." 

The change of government in 
France earlier this year prompted 
speculation that the Socialist ad¬ 
ministration of President Francois 
Mitterrand might thin out the 
French force in Djibouti. “No. 
there is absolutely no question of 
that," said a senior French diplo¬ 
mat here. “The troops stay." 

Even the Soviet Union's allies in 
the Horn of Africa agree that they 
should. A few months ago, the 
leader of Marxist Ethiopia. CoL 
Mengjsm Haile Mariam, told a vis¬ 
iting French government delega¬ 
tion he accepted the French pres¬ 
ence as a guarantee against Somali 
ambitions. 

Libyan leader CoL Moamer 
Qadhafi. increasingly active in 
black African countries from Chad 
to Ethiopia, also appears content 
with France’s cmiiaiy role in 
Djibouti. 

Big Salaries 

"We have nothing against the 
French troops stationed here." 
said Coi. Qadhafi’s ambassador to 
Djibouti. Jalal Dagheiy. “It is logi¬ 
cal that French troops should be in 
Djibouti and as long as they do 
not exceed their brief — to defend 
the country — their presence is ac¬ 
ceptable."’ 

France pumps about 5200 mil¬ 
lion a year into Djibouti, more 
than half of it for the upkeep of 
the French forces and much 01 the 
remainder for the salaries of 
French teachers and advisers. 

According to some estimates, up 
to two-thirds of that money ulti¬ 
mately returns to France, into the 
bank accounts of Frenchmen who 
save as much as possible during 
their assignments here. 

“Many of the Frenchmen serv¬ 
ing in Djibouti have their French 
salaries multiplied by 225." said a 
diplomat. “It makes it tough for 
those of us who have to do with 
less generous allowances." 

"What can you do?" said a local 
journalist. “The French are a bit 
like jealous women. But we need 
them." 




2 t 


hTi 

f>. \ >: K - ] 


•%a 



West German passed through die resort of Sctawtevg 00 their way to NATO penes. 

NATO Chief Opens Games, Stresses Nuclear Updating 


Raters 

VAERLOESE AIR BASE, 
Denmark — NATO’s top com¬ 
mander opened 'the West’s au¬ 
tumn war games Monday and 
said he wanted to see tire alli¬ 
ance's nuclear armory updated. 

UJSb Gen. Bernard W, Rogers 
said about 300.000 troops from 
13 countries were taking pan in 
the “Autumn Forge" maneuvers, 
a total of 26 exercises from 
no r thern Norway to Turkey. 

Gen. Rogers came to Vaer- 
loese Air Base near Copenhagen 
to review troops from eight 
countries that will take part in 
“Amber Express,'* an exercise 
on SjacUand. the island rite of 
Copenhagen, 2 few hundred 
miles from the area of lire Baltic 
Sea where the Soviet Union con¬ 


ducted big maneuvers las: week. 

Tbc general utd the prams 
was a coincidence. » major ex¬ 
ercises were planned tang in ad¬ 
vance. 

Gen. Rogers said that his first 

jim as supreme aLbrd command¬ 
er in Europe was to see tiu: the 
North Atlantic TswKy Organiza¬ 
tion's 1979 dco aiaa to s*cdan- 
rie its medium-range nudeax 
weapons was earned through, 
and that his second priori!* was 
to strengthen, conventional 
forces. 

Questioned about tire neutron 
warhead, which President 
Reagan has dended or p rod u ce 
and stockpile u: the United 
Stales. Gen. Rogers «rid that the 
weapon weald be nnhtanly use¬ 
ful. but that he was .ffliati any¬ 


thing that might detract from 
tbc dedrioa to station 57 ; 
Persia og-2 and Cruise raisales a 
Western Europe. 

The Denmark exercise fea¬ 
tures the depioy nreni of NATO's 
.Allied Mobile 'Force, 3 multiai- 
uonal unit whose purpose is to 
make clear that any atiaci 
against it would be consdered 
a jb attack against tire whole a&- 
ance. 

Brims, the United Suits. 
Canada, Denmark, Beigusx 
Luxembourg, Italy and West 

Germany are mitng part in i_y 
aeretw. in which ^ Z2,0W troom 
are involved. Four major ooz* 
e involving more than 
men each arc taking place m 
West Germany this week aaj 
next. 


Poland Sends 10,000 Soldiers, Recruits 
Into Coal Mines to Boost Sagging Output 


Scientologist Says 
Top Church Aides 
To Be Replaced 

UiDud Press laurruranal 

WASHINGTON’ — The Church 
of Scientology, reacting to a host 
of adverse publicity, including 
criminal convictions of some of its 
top officers, said over the weekend 
that it is replacing some of its lead¬ 
ers. 

In a statement made public by 
the church on Saturday, BIB 
Franks, successor to the founder, 
L. Ron Hubbard, as executive di¬ 
rector international, was quoted as 
telling church members that the 
group's England-based top office, 
known as the Guardian's Office, 
had gone “adrift." 

“An obvious example might be 
the criminal cases," the Franks 
directive said in a reference to tire 
conviction of 11 top Scientologists, 
including Mr. Hubbard’s wife 
Mary Sue, on conspiracy and other 
charges related to breaking into 
U.S. government offices and steal¬ 
ing documents. 

Mrs. Hubbard, according to of¬ 
ficials of the group, bolding the 
position of controller, was the top 
officer of the church at the tima of 
tire criminal activity. The second 
in command, Jane Kember, known 
as the guardian, was also convicted 
on charges stemming from the 
break-ins. 

Church officials in the United 
States said the new controller is 
die Rev. Gordon Cook, who has 
beaded the church in South Africa. 
Scientology officials said the oust¬ 
er of Mrs. Hubbard and Miss 
Kember were tire major rhangp* 
but that a wholesale “upheaval” 
had been made across the hoard in 
the group’s U.S. headquarters off¬ 
ice in Los Angeles. 

22d IRA Prisoner 
Joins the Hunger 
Strike in Ulster 

The Associated Press 

BELFAST — An IRA prisoner, 
Gerard Hod gins, re Fused breakfast 
in his cell in Maze prison Monday 
to join a hunger strike by six other 
nationalists, the Northern Ireland 
Office reported. 

Mr. Hodgins, 21, is the 22d na¬ 
tionalist to refuse food n»w. the 
hunger strike began March I in an 
effort to force the British govern¬ 
ment to grant Republican guerril¬ 
las the status of political prisoners. 

He is also the youngest man to 
join tire fast in which 10 men have 
already died. The British refuse to 
make any concessions to the pris¬ 
oners. 

The longest surviving faster at 
present is Liam McLosky, who 
was on his 43d day without food 
Monday. His condition was said to 
be stable... • 


Fnr>t.1jrran Dapsdxs 

WARSAW — Ten thousand sol¬ 
diers and recruits have reported 
for work in Poland's coal mraes to 
help boost sagging ecu] produc¬ 
tion. the official news agency sard 
Monday. 

The PAP r e port followed dire 
government forecasts of wide¬ 
spread plan: closings and possible 
economic collapse u coal produc¬ 
tion is not increased by 4 million 
tons this year. The agency said Po¬ 
land needs a minimum of 168 mil¬ 
lion tens to meet domestic needs 
and provide coal for export. 

Coal is the major fuel soiree is 
Poland and the country's most im¬ 
portant earner of hard currency. 

Polish officials decided Aug. 31 
to send several thousand draftees 
into the mines for a year of work. 
PAP said about 1500 soldiers and 
7500 recruits have reported to the 
mines so far. 

Workers* Protests 

In an apparent effort to put sew 
pressure on tire independent labor 
federation Solidarity, PAP on Sun¬ 
day quoted the predictions of a 
government anti-crisis staff as say¬ 
ing failure to boost coal produc¬ 
tion was due mainly to shorter 
working hours. 

Daring the widespread labor tm- 
xst last year. Polish workers won a 
uve-day week. The issue of ending 
the six-day week almost set off a 
national strike. 

The struggling economy and 
growing union ’challenge of Com¬ 
munist authority sparked scattered 
warning protests Monday by 
workers across Poland. 

At a Warsaw printing plant, em¬ 
ployees displayed signs reading, 
“We shall not work for 16 eggs a 
day." The Hack market price for 
eggs has risen to about 50 cents 
apiece, meaning that 16 eggs now 
cost an average day's wage for 
most Polish workers. 

In the western town of Gorzow 
Wielkopolski, workers hung 
banners from factory walls urging 
more food in the shops. 

Tools Laid Down 

Workers at an electronics plant 
in the northwestern town, of POa 
laid down their tools for an hour 
Monday and threatened ggnther 
strike Friday to protest confisca¬ 
tion of two booklets written by ed¬ 
itors of their plant newsletter, la¬ 
bor sources sauL 

The action by workers followed 
a breakdown in talks between 
plant managers and local Sdtidar- ■ 
ity officials. Sources said the book¬ 
lets were histories of worker unrest 
in Poland and Hungary in 1956. 

It was the latest in a series of 
protests over control of publica¬ 
tions and mass Solidarity 

has vowed to break tire state's mo¬ 
nopoly on control of press, radio 
and television and gam access to 

the TTMKfc mwlw 

Polish factory workers, mean¬ 
while, on Monday invited critics in 
the Soviet Union for a visit to clear 
up misunderstanding s about the 
independent trade union move¬ 
ment. 

But tire official media in Czech¬ 
oslovakia, Bulgaria. Hungary and 
Poland itself continued to criticize 
Solidarity and accuse it of trying 
to seize power. . 

Monday’s invitation to workers 
at Moscow’s ZB truck plan t from 
workers at Warsaw's PZL trans¬ 
port equipment factory followed 

Naples Police, Jobless Clash 

Renter? 

NAPLES — Unemployed people • 
trying to storm a labor office 
dashed with police in thc Nardes ' 
port area Monday, police said, fae 
group threw stones at panriuHtary 
pdice, who responded with tear 
gas. At least two policeman and 
pne attacker were taken to a hospi¬ 
tal !T*\-. 


the release of a letter » the narire 
of Zil employees that condemned 
Solidarity. 


Try bom Ludu On-gts 

But the Polish Ceramunist Party 
daily Try buna Ladu repeated 
charges that Solidarity was at¬ 
tempting 10 sense power and said 
its campaign for workerV control 
of factories was the first stage. 

“The next stages comprise the 
taking over of peopec's councils 
and the Sqm." tire newspaper sauL 

The stue-coctraUcd media else¬ 
where to Eastern Europe reported 
that workers in tbsr countries 
firmly rejected Sobdanty's call for 
expanding the free trade onion 
movement. 


The Czechoslovak news ogmn 
Cddca said 1 meeting of 
ai a Bratislava factory had cat 
drained what it termed uoscrcao- 
loos attacks by Solidarity figure 
the Polish government and Can- 
munis* Party 

Hungary's Communist Psrrv 
daily accused Solidarity of puiyi- 
ms tire Polish eercurov. 

“The primary itspwaaMny for tie 
disastrous state of the eawmv 
reds now wnh the Sdiimiy Jens¬ 
en." 

The Bulgarian am agency BTA 
said the Polish urnon ns aeons as 
a front for retcfoaay Jems m ' 
:hc West and atm *» to «u= 

power. 


WORLD NEWS BRIEFS 

Briton Gets 5 Yean for Firing Pistol at Queen 

Vmad Press Imntaneati 

LONDON — Aa unemployed teen-ager pleaded guilty MondK 10 
firing a blank cartridge pistol at Queen Elizabeth as tire rode borsehacr 
during a military cercmooy in June and was sentenced to five years o . 
prison for hb “wicked" act 

Attorney General Michael Havers said in court that Marcus Soma ’ 
S&rjeam, 17. had been plot ting to assassinate the queen and settled on a 
starter’s pistol and b lanks because he was unable to obtain a real put x 
live ammunition for Ins father’s handg un . 

“I have liule doubt that if yon had been able to obtain a hve gua a 
live am m nn j tipn far your father's gnu you would have tried to munkr ■ 
her majesty" Judge Geoffrey Lane told Mr. Saijeant during sentencing 1 

Suspects in Bologna Blast Held for Questioning \ 

The Associated Press 

LONDON Seven Italians, suspected of being rightist extremists, aai 
wanted fen- questioning in the August, 1980, bombing of Bologna’s rail¬ 
road station that kilted 85 persons, were ordered held in pohee custody 
on Monday until Sept- 22. 

Scotland Yard officials said the six men and a woman — it was report- " v 
ed earlier that nine persons were arrested — would be questioned iT 
Italian pofice Carlo Colomborti. an attorney representing the lia&s 
government, said officers were on their way to London from Rome. 

Sources at Scotland Yard said Italian authorities were expected 
seek extradition of the seven, who were arrested by London anli-ieffiffisf 
police Thursday and Friday. All are wanted in Italy for, among oibcr . 
charges, “participation in armed bands," a catch-all charge used by Itar 
ian authorities in the hunt for the Bolgonn bombers. 

Tehran Street Fighting Continues; 78 Executed 

United Press iBtemtataaal 

ANKARA — Guerrillas fought Revolutionary Guards in the fifth 
straight day of street battles in Tehran, while Tehran Radio said ^ 
members of tire leftist Mujahaddin Khalq guerrilla group wdre executed. • 
during a three-day period ending Saturday. 

ExSe sources said fighting erupted Sunday in two areas of Tehran- ■; 
Witnesses said at least two persons were killed and five arrested during. ; 
the clashes. The leader of the Mujahaddin, Massoud Rajavi. said in Fra 5 
that the street warfare was a new phase of the group's straggle to owx- - 
throw the Islamic regime. 

Meanwhile, an ImeriorMinistry spokesman quoted by lire radio Moo- - 
day said that 41 persons had registered to ran for president in ibe Oct - 
elections a nnon n ee d Sunday and that a total of 45 candidates was c#- ~ ~ 
pected. 

Air Force Challenges Proof of Cooke Immunity 

4 The Associated Press 

ANDREWS AIR FORCE BASE, Md. — Air Force prosecutors u- - 
gued Monday that attorneys far 2d Lt Christopher M. Cooke had luted 
to prov e ihar he bad been given an effective gram of immunity flora- 
espionage charges. 

Maj. Charles B. Hamburg said Ll Cooke's attorney, F. Lee Briley, . 
presented no evidence that Goa. Richard Ellis., tire sow-retired cos* 
manderof ^tire Strategic Air Command; had ever authorized an immunity 
grant. Gen. Ellis was the only official legally entitled to give-that imxna-- - 
nity, Maj. Heim tang Stud as tire pro secut ion began its rebuttal to Mr.., 
Bailey’s motion fra msgrassal of charges against Lt. Cooke. 

A former deputy commander of a Titan-2 missile launch crew, Lt 
Cooke is chargpd with providing Soviet officials with military data and 
oat reporting his visits to the Soviet Embassy in Washington. 


G\IR<>—Egyptian newspapers Monday published accounts at & So¬ 
viet plqit the government invotving politicians A*t»*p*d during 

President Anwar Sadat's mtemal crack dow n tins month. 

The, gpvennnem-ctBitxotled Cairo press .said Egyptian intelligence had 
wreartbai links between the Soviet and Hunganan ^bassia aid Ojg* 
opposition politicians, c hr m aity . lecturen and joumafots^ Thoje cigg- 
. mchidmg farmer Deputy Pome Monster Abdel atZsyat, watt 
among 1,600 people arrested in a roundup of religions snd.'pofidcri 

Critics. . -V ; 'V' : .V 

Mayo, weekly newspaper of tire riling National Democrat^ 
said-Mr. Sadat also was planning a small Cabinet reshuffle' SD^ 
appointment ofnewproyrarial gova-noc? later fhk pywtfr.-' ■ 












INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15,1981 


extcos©€ 

• • ,tp-“ r.± 

-m-. •■■‘.-If- r 


Page 3 




t ^Criticism on Salvador 



*• •' By Ami Riamg : _ * j -Is- the Caribbean tr fflo n. wbidi 
1 '.iv.-'y« i ttJp jmttScnui > ; r. •. ■ it; now descifljc^as. ro “oatfflri 
V fc{JE£ICP CHY ~'Aher three influence;* Mexico began 

tf econcmic growth to assert' a leadership that, despite 


■SjmJjpsinir mteniational prestigp, 
Mexico’s -self-assurance has sod? 
Ojgtfy been shaken .bytfre drop in 


j^ofl prices and sharp regional 
voasmroS its poKcytoward the 


^wfrtEtSawutav- .-•. 
M»rfa4e3it:Jose; L6pcz PorriUci, 
5BoaiIs left da : office, 
^jnrngedtodefend h«adanmy 

jvp^SfANALYSIS 


^anflgtggmagemem ca the econ- 
^-^Its recent decisiOT toroo 
pgmrfl^ Salvador's guerrilla-led 
'* '■ »*, ,. < Nj , s ^g^ 0 tt.asa “represemativepo-. 

«. i FYi^wents "abroad appear to 

u * / n j livt «m*iried with the dbiiiesfic 
' PuffikmcxstBinty that traditionally 
^prtcedesthe selection of the com* 
1 " ' ;■Ws next president to create a new- 
- • mood of introspection and even 
'■‘•■iCr^sdfddobt.' ' ■;- . 

■"'y » very dramatic has 

happened; a foreign diplomat re- 
: -M ^ r i “Bat Moacans tend to 

• ^.gyringfreon ecstasy to pessimism. 

Thib» wo* goingso wdl fortbem 
' •<the first setbacks seem tohave 
-■« .-shaken their confidence.” 
y.^S- Image Abroad 

■ -"'c 1 } Having experioiiced a severe 

economic crisis in 1976, Mexicans 
> were in fact surprised to find that, 

• --^widan iwo years, immense oil dis- 
■". ' coveries had transformed .the . 

‘ JVixwn try’s image abroad Soddenly, 

• ; / 'die gpvenunem was - not only 

' '/ moried by nugor industrial pow- 
... -',~as, including the United States, 

- ..'"'sot-h was also able to raise its 

:—. /- voice — and to be heard —on in- 
” ’aaa&iml issues. 

TT^^General Assembly 
• ^^HfiJJrges Sanctions 
IOufeA^inst S. Africa 

United Press Jmemasitmal ■ ■ 

UNTIED NATIONS, N.Y. — 

. -_‘. rhe UN-General Assembly co&- . 

. /fanned South Africa on Mcmday 
/or refusing independence . to 
J 'iootb-West Africa (Namibia) and 
. _fuged stringent sanctions against 
“ Pretoria. The vote was 117-0, with 
5 abstentions, indnding the Unit,- - 
~dStates, Britain and France. 

■ r After hearing 131 qjeakm in a 
.-.grading emergency debate since 

.-JepL 3. the asssembty was ready 
. or a vote Friday night but post-. - 
. - .. . ioned it when Algeria, speaking, 
or SO African delegations, intro- 
luced amendments to make the 
" ^solution erf condemnation con- 
- fonn with theTJN Charter,'.,:.v : 
The resolorion urged the UN. Se¬ 
curity Council to inqMGe caoqh^ 
hensive sanctions against Sooth 
Africa and called upon all states to. 
ake punitive measures individual- 
— ■” "~y. It condemned Sooth Africa “for 
W D]}^ continued illegal occupation al 
? D V'Jandbi&” and for its-anned ftt- 
.-arks from there against ndghbor- 
lg states, such as the recent incnr- 
■ / •. j ion into Angola that sparked the 

ebate. 

. The resolution, also appealed far , 
-\-.tcreased material, financial, and 
- - rilitary assistance for the goetril? , 
~ :z - is of the South-West Afiica Peo- 
te's Organization, and 
* tat the UN independence plan 

• .• * Nambia be put into operation 

'■ y December. 


its size, « had never cxerdsed. In 
Nicaragua, Mexico for the first 
•time to its history became a m^or 
donor of foreign aid. Asd/in an 
agreement vrith Vecezuda, it pro¬ 
vided cheap, oil to the entire/ro- 
giaa. v// ;_ V-. 

.11 With its economy growing by ft 
percent dnzmg. feadr (rf the past 
three ycSis/ Mqaeo eayoyed a 
boom. ^Mcricari ‘ dSF prodnetion 
tripled; proven ail reserves grew 
unfold to 70 billion bands, gov- 
e rru n ra rspending esepanded annu¬ 
ally by SO pooent. record business 
profits' wsre' recorded and , for the 
first t ime , new jobs more th^ n 
matched the bomber of youths en¬ 
tering the-labor market each year. 

Tim first worried looks appe a red 
in late June when a worldwide ail 



j^TTo74, efing to Ae hand of her daughter in 
§4 a barrel fo/strict Koranic Oncago on Saturday sfaOe seeking to refute charges mat she 
terms, its effect on Mexico was not received substantial cash gifts from Canfinal John P. Cody, 
great The loss of about $2 hi IK pm 

m revenues prompted a cutback of TTi • 7 jt /yj • /r 7v T 

t rrend of Chicago Cardinal 

earn ab^it SI 5 bifliori from oil ex- • rr 1 /* -m r -m rr -m-* • -» 

p 0 ?” 1981 Uenias Gi fts Made Her Rich 

The crisis atmosphere generated w 

by daily proclamations of nation- The Associated Press 


TI» AaodcMd fnm 


MJemes wi 

The crisis atmosphere generated •! 

by daily prodamarions of nation¬ 
alistic determination shook the CHICAGO — Helen ] 
co n f id e n c e of many wealthy Mead- listed reports that Cardi 
cans and, during a two-month pe- pense of the Roman Cat 
riod, foreign bankers estimate that look like a “kept woman, 
between $5 and $6 biQian left the “They malce me seem ] 


country. 

In foreign affairs, Mexico ap¬ 
pears to have been as surprised by 
the reaction to last month's 
French-Merican declaration recog- 
airing the Salvadoran oppoation 
as it was by the world’s refusal to 
pay a premium of $2 a barrel for 
' Mexican ofl. Following the joint 
statement, more than a dozen Lat¬ 
in American countries charged 
Mexico and France with interfer¬ 
ing ih H Salvador's in ternal af¬ 
fairs. 

Me Lopez Portillo asked a few 
days ago how the Salvadoran op¬ 
position could not'be considered a 
“representative political force” if 
the guerrillas were so strong that 
H-Salvador's junta “has requested 
and admitted the intervention of a 
foreign country" in its affairs, it 
dear reference toTJH milit ary aid 

in El Salvador. 

' The move by Mexico, he raid; 
was '“an effort to awaken the con¬ 
science of hnmanity and prevent 
the Salvadorans from continuing 
to destroy each othez." 

The sharp critidsm of Mexico’s 
position _ neverthdess prompted 
Foreign Minister Jorge Castaneda 
de la Rosa to concafa Mexico’s 
“relative violation" on the . issue, 
and iedio same questioning in do- 
mestic jofitkad aretes of ihe wis-' 
dom of sudi an assertive Central 


“I never thought that this type of persecution would continue in this 
mlightened day," said Cardinal Cody, who was given two standing ova- 


1° an interview in the Chicago office of her attorney, Mrs. Wilson 
or humanity and preva il. acknowledged that the canfinal gave her gifts and financial help but 
rafloMSfrom oontmmng inasted thars was a “broiher-sistei" relationship that began during their 
jy eacfa other. M childhood in St. Louis.. 

0 1 . SSie brtdre into tears and rallied, “Oh my God, no,” when asked if the 

w - t _ a . relationship with Cardinal Cody was anything different Mrs. Wilson 

su'd Sun-Jin^ reports that Cardinal Cody frequently visited ber resi- 
,-iinlartnn” mi ioa**. dencem Honda are false. 

to some questioning in <kh ‘ She was paid by the archdiocese from 1969 to 1974 while she worked 
mKri^ai rnr fey th<> & Cardinal -Cod/s Chicago iremacat, cooking, redecorating, ordering 

such an assertive Central ^P^rs. housekeeping, and running errands, she said. 


American policy.. 

. The effect of these co nt roversies 
on the mood of the country has 
been, magnified by the fact that, 
with the name of the next presi¬ 
dent expected to be revealed with¬ 
in the next two months, political 
nervousness is at the peak of its 
six-year cyde. 

Foflowxnc tradition, Mr. Lopez 
PtwtiDo wm choose the candidate 
, of the Institutional Revolutionary 
Party for nett July's presidential 
elections from among senior gov¬ 
ernment and political leaders. The 
party’s nominee has won every 
election hr the past 62 years. 


Protesters Delay Blockade 
Of California Nuclear Plant 


By Mark Landsbaum 
and Bob Secter 

Los Angelo Tima Service 

. AVILA BEACH, CaBL — Anti- 
nndear demonstrators have said 
they would not start their long- 
awaited blockade of the Diablo 
Canyon Nudear Power Plant until 
Tuesday at the earliest 


Old Allegations of CIA link Spark Outcry 
Jn Peru Over U.S. Ambassador Nominee 


By Cynthia Gorocy - ‘ 

/ Washington Pad Service 

■ iLMA —■ The Reagan admims- 
itian has caused a mutar (xucty 
. , the ffauvian press by nennmat- 

- "..itas ambassador to Lima a diplo- 
• /it who by some accounts cut 
' ’ an eamer tour of duty in. 
-" ‘ ; «u because of aB^ations lioking 

Jim to the Central InteJHgence 
Hatty.. • 

.Fkank Orfiz, the proposed am-. 

. - ''ssador, is a- 30-year veteran, of 
J Foreign Service who was chief 
iitical nffieff at the U5. Eriibas- 
Lima from 1967 to 1970. In 
^obfir, 1968, the Peruvian nnli- 
.y overthrew the government 

- . - d began what was pratrayed at 

- tbtt* as a social and economic 
t ^ ^0 lotion, TTirf nrling the mneh- 
hficized expropriation of a mar 
. : - "U^.-owned ou company. 

:"A year later, accoimng to two 
j.-tner government officials who 
j <re confidants of Gen. Juan 
lasco Alvarado, then the presi- 
. at, certain rumors and obsexva- 
ns involving the oil company ex- 


haughty arid insensitive to send 
back- as ambassador a- man who 
became identified with some of a 
previous era’s-most volatile UJS.- 
Peravian conflicts. •. 

“If s just asking for trouble," 
said Enrique 7ilen, editor of the 
influential and genaaBy pro-gov¬ 
ernment news magazine Camas, 
which has run several editorials at¬ 
tacking the nomination. “It’s a 
shew of arrogance,.! flank.” 

The newspaper Cotreo. saying 
that it was irrelevant whether Mr. 
Ortiz belonged to the C3A, called 
his nominauon “a dispiriting ex¬ 
ample ot how out of touch the 
Reagan a dm inistration is with Lat¬ 
in America." Correo said that cur¬ 
rent U^. Ambassador Edwin Coir 
has worked comfortably with the 
government in Unm - and , has 
avoided conflicts with the substan¬ 
tial Peruvian left Now he is lobe 
replaced “with a diplomat who 
even before arriving has rekindled 
anti-American passions." 

El Diario, the most widely read 
newspaper of the Penman^left, has 


meat company or- dedrned that Mr. Ortiz was “ex- 

^255^“ an fL 0 ? cr pelled from Peru years ago for 

«tiveissuraWGen.Vdaraqto a qa agent" ThTlrftist 

Mri Ortiz was woridtw ^wStaper Kausacham, which is 
J ?.™ CIA. As a result, these of- edit^ by Gen. Velasco's fonner 
*S*i£L GaL press sraetaiy, Augusta Zzmmer- 

■ tbat ^ man, has made sintifostateneatis. 


feve that Mr. Ortiz was worititu; 
the CIA. As a result, these of- 
• *9. Gen. Velasco called tire 

& Embassy to ask that Mr. Or- 
. ^ yoiemoved frmn his position. 

. According to these jmd 

; . tsions <rf the story that arcolat- 
at the time, U5. officials asked 
-d Mr. Chtiz’s departure be de- 
. ■ed kmg enough w allow him to 
• • J ' ^Quietly, with no international 
v & Three months lata; Mr. Ortiz 
; same dqiuty chief of mission in 
■ tigiay. Tm CIA afl«atkHis 


FBesRrided 

Geo. Velasco died in 1977, and 
most of the few men closest to him 

in the Ortiz matter are. out of the 
country or unwHfing to discuss it 
publicly. But roughly the same ver¬ 
son. of events-was described re¬ 
cently in interviews with Mr. 
Zhmnennari did with retired Gea. 
Jose Graham Hurtado, who was 


. K never proved, and both Pern- cimniennsm ai^ wim rcin«j 
, -• a Fordgn Ministry officials and lose Graham Hwtado, wto was 
. - ae UJ. diplomats now say there <* ac[ oi Gen. Velascos advisory 
• s nmhmtf. »hn.tt Mr committee and a dose assocaate of 


5 nothing- irregular about Mr. 
tiz’s depotuie. 


thepresideriL 

-f 1 „ . r .They said Gen. Vdasco became 

Haughty, Insensitive ccnccnied about Mr. Ortiz du ri ng 

Mr. Ortiz also had trouble dtn^ negotiations oust the U.S.-owned 
;I the Carter adromistratioxu International Petroleum Co., 
; en it was reported that he had which became a kind of nationahs- 
cn transferred from ambassado- tic. revdlntionaiy symbol when 
:‘l posts in Barbados and Gnato- Gen. Velasco expropriated it 
? >«, in^^part because of disagree- shortly after taking power. 

% '3its with admimstratkmpohcy. . That inOctober, 1969, accord- 
But critics Of the Ortiz nomma- frig to the two former offirials and 
n — some of whom disagree 10 a pnblished political chronology 
ih the offidal vtrsioii of his final erf. Geo. Vetosco> ^vemmeat, 
aks in Peru — say 'ii is both' Teravian officials raided the offic¬ 


es of a privatc security firm run by 
an American. They reportedly 
found files cm 50.000 Peruvians, 
with background and political in¬ 
formation rat each. 

Rumors reportedly linked these 
files both to the CTA and to Mr. 
Ortiz, though no such evidence 
was ever made public. According 
to Mr. Zimmerm an and Gen. 
Graham, it was (he discovery of 
the files that prompted Gen. 
Vdasco to ask that Mr. Ortiz leave 
the country. 

“The important tiring is that 
they never found a single dement 
of proof," said Julio Balbuena, un¬ 
dersecretary for political affairs at 
the Foreign Ministry, which has 
officially conveyed the Peruvian 
government’s acceptance of Mr. 
Ortiz. “On the contrary, he's been 
accused simply by rumors....At 
that time there was a xenophobia 
against everything American.” 

But Gen. Graham said, “Let’s 
suppose these was nothing, and 
there was just a sca ndal . This is a 
guy who isn't going to help rela¬ 
tions between our countries....A 
country as trig as the United Stales 
can't find'anybody bat a ques¬ 
tioned man when there must be 
dozens or hundreds of qualified 
people as good or better? It seems 
uke a kina of vendetta on the part 
of the United States," 

. While' Mr. Ortiz was ambassa¬ 
dor to Guatemala in 1979 and 
1980, hie came into conflict with 
the Carter ad m in i stration ova its 

human rights policy. Critics said 
he insisted applying the kind of 
pressure called for under the 
Carter policy, until he was finally 
transferred out of Gua t em ala 

Mr. Ortiz is dose to Reagan for¬ 
eign polity advises. As one For¬ 
eign Service officer said, “He took 
it m the ear for what is essentially 
current U-S, policy, and they owe 
him " . 


The decision to wait at least one 
more day could add to feelings of 
restlessness in the protesters’ tent 
dty north of the plant and among 
the growing number of law en¬ 
forcement pesotmel, who have 
been in a state of readiness since 
Wednesday when protesters began 

gathftrrng 

Another in a series of meetings 
of protest re presentatives was 
scheduled for Monday. “If we 
reach consensus on the fact we are 
in readiness, we will go Tuesday at 
no specific time,” said Jay 
Newbern, a representative of Aba- 
lone Alliance, the group organizing 
the blockade. 

Protesters were still trickling 
into a campsite 15 miles (24 kQom- 
eters) from the front gate of the 
nudear facility, but thrir ranks 
were still well below the 5,000 to 
30.000 that had been expected 
The Abatooe Alliance refused to 
divulge how many protesters were 
present, but it appeared that no 
more than 1.500 persons had 
checked into the camp. • 

The San Luis Obispo County 
Sheriffs Department, which is 
coordinating the security effort, 
was no longer releasing estimates 
ctf the number of local and state 
law enforcement officers deployed 
in the area to prevent demonstra¬ 
tors from barring access to the 
plant 

Although officers said they have 
had little to do since being called 
into the area. Sheriff George Whit¬ 
ing announced that he put his 
deputies on 12 -hour shifts and had 
called in additional outside offi¬ 
cers. 

The widely publicized event has 
been billed by its organizers as an 
attempt to use a human blockade 
to prevent the Pacific Gas & Elec¬ 
tric Co. from conducting low-pow¬ 
er tests at one of its two reactors at 
Diablo Canyon. 

PG&E maintains that the reac¬ 
tor will be fired up as soon as the 
federal Nuclear Regulatory Agen¬ 
cy gives the go-ahead for testing, 
probably Sept. 21, and that the 
plant is so self-sufficient that it can 
operate under a virtual state of 


Japan Split on Future of Soviet-Held Islands 


By Tracy Dahlby 

Washington Past Serncc 

KUSHIRO, Japan — Amid 
threats of attack shouted from 
soundtracks belonging to Japan's 
rightist extrenr ’s, Satoshi Tonri- 
zawa decided bst week to batten 
down the doors to the new two- 


have gradually been allowed back 
in. 

Yatsushiro Hirano. an official at 
the. Kushiro city office, said, 
“Kushiro is the biggest base of [Ja¬ 
pan’s] fishing force and the Soviet 
Union is our biggest partner. All 
fisheries activities must be coordi¬ 
nated with the Soviets, so we can’t 


take up the reversion movement 
without taking account of the Sovi¬ 
et response." 

The Kremlin has r^ected nego¬ 
tiations on the islands’ future. It 
claims that Japanese public opin¬ 
ion favoring reversion has been ar- 
tificaUy created by Tokyo. Last 
December. Kushiro’s ritv council 


passed a resolution endorsing the 
return of the four islands, but as in 
most other major economic centers 
in Hokkaido, the weighty econom¬ 
ic interests at stake make enthusi¬ 
asm for the movement hard to 
muster. “There is a feeling, " Mr. 
Hirano said, "that things must be 
done in a friendly wav." 


story, concrete and sied win tne soviets, so we can t December, fcusturo s city council done in a friendly way, 

be operates in Kushiro. _ 

the Eastern Hokkaido Japan^Sovi- Chinese Dissident , Jailed Without Trial, 

& anrl Pavilion ' 7 


CHICAGO — Helen Dolan Wilson said over the weekend that pub¬ 
lished reports that Cardinal John P. Cody made ha wealthy at the ex¬ 
pense of the Roman Catholic Church are “scandalizing" and make ha 


nd 56 bOhan left the “They make me seem like a tramp,” Mrs. Wilson, 74, a lifelong friend 
of the cardinal, told the Chicago Tribune in a copyrighted story pub- 
affairs, Mexico ap> fished Sunday. “They're accusing the cardinal of being a thief and they 
been as surprised by are scandalizing me.” 

. to last month's The Chicago Sun-Tunes, in a series of articles that began Thursday, 
an declaration recog- said a UjS. grand jury is investigating whether Cardinal Cody diverted 
ilvadoran opposition up to SI mutton from two unaudited church accounts to buy Mrs. W3- 
be world’s refusal to son a home in Florida, a luxury car, designer dothes and furs. 

The Sun-Times said that’Mrs. Wilson is beneficiary of a SI00,000 
insurance policy an Cardinal Cody's life, thai she received a secret salary 
from the Chicago archdiocese but was never seen working there, that she 
Francewtth intofe trave3ed with Cardinal Cody and lists ha summer address at 

header's internal af- toman ^ia Chicago. 

OS. law prohibits tax-exempt church funds from being spent to im- 
PQrtillo asked a few P»paty enrich any individuaL 

r the Salvadoran 00 - GardniaT Cody. 73, archbishop of the largest Catholic archdiocese in 
I not be considered^ the United Slates, said Saturday that he was falsely accused and would 
e political force" if respond once all the charges are published. 

were so strong that On Sunday, Cardinal Cody said at the Divine Providence Church in 
junta “has requested suburban Westchester that the stories about him are “slanderous reports 
the intervention of a <wd nasty innuendos” and “unfounded attempts to destroy the unity" of 
iy” in its affairs, a the Roman Catholic Qtorch- 


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et Friendship and Trade Pavilion, 

one of five such structures that /!..« 

have sprouted ou the Hokkaido ‘>J**utcC»cftc5o \JUMs 
landscape in recent years to cater C?C7 

» Soviet officials and business By Victoria Graham 

representatives who ply a booming ' The Associated Pres 

trade with Japan’s second largest PEKING — Liu Qing huddled 
. . in his tiny cell, rigid with cold, his 

TJe state of siege was touched 35-year-cid body shriveled and 
otl by {Tenner Zoiko Suzuki's tnp covered with bruises. He closed his 
to Kcsh go la st week to campaign eyes against the glaring lights and 
for the return of four isl ands seized tried to shut out the ravings of 
by the Soviet Union at the end of other inmates in solitary confine- 
Worid War U, and reflects ihe ment. 

deep split in local sentiments on an One thing, he said, kept him 
issue that has raised strong emo- from madness: “I want the people 
tions throughout Japan. to know the truth." 

in the West, Mr. Liu would be 
xigimsts Active known as a political prisoner. In 

The noisy members of Japan’s pma, he is called a coumerrevo- 
rightisi organizations roared . . 

through the streets of Kushiro, Ja- With the help of friends, he was 
pan’s largest fishing pent, en route a ^ e V* smuggle an account of Ins 
to Netnuro, just more »han jgo experiences out of a labor reform 
miles (260 kilomcieis) away, where cam P- "H* Associated Press ob- 
Mr. Suzuki’s Self-Defense Force tamed a copy of it. 
helicopter touched down last The 200 -page manuscript, enti- 
Hmrsdav after his «tiCTwp nt i tour tied “A Dispirited Recollection 
of the So’viet-bdd isla nds and Observations — 1 lodge my 

Dressed in olive drab fatigues complaint before the court of soo- 
and with sound trucks blasting out *£■ Provides a rare gbxn^mto 
pre-war martial hymns, the right- shad^ *oM of Cbmese 
tsts gathered to protest the gpvon- P 11501 ^ ^ Iabor cam P s for ^«si- 
ment’s stand on the reversion is- dents - 
sue. They assert that the govern- ‘WeakPereoa 

meat has been too “soft” on the Mr. Liu says he wants the story 
Soviet Union, although Tokyo has told **I am just a weak per- 

recently t aken a tough new public son. I have no way to bring my 
posture. voice to society and get support 

Tight security kept the rightists and sympathy." 
far from Mr. Suzuki’s official par- “Within this judicial system 
ty. But they did succeed in register- there is no way to things 

ing a loud protest to local business reasonably,” he writes. “I want the 
groups, who they charge are selling people to know the truth. Thus so¬ 
wn Japan's national interests in fa- dal forces will be mobilized to 
vor of dose and profitable ties stop unlawful acts ” 
with the Soviet Union. Mr. Liu. r nwdiHnie hv trad* 


Smuggles Out Rare Account of Hardships 


Pro-Soviet Attitudes 

The Suzuki visit capped a na¬ 
tional drive that has drummed up 
overwhelming public support for 
the r eturn of the Kuril Islands in 
recent months In bringing pledges 
of economic aid for local areas 
here, however, the S uzuki govern¬ 
ment appeared to acknowledge the 
serious breach in public opinion in 
Hokkaido between groups favor¬ 
ing friendly ties with the Soviet 
Union and those insisting that Ja¬ 
pan should get the folatnHc no 
mater what the costs. 

Pro-Soviet attitudes are strong 
among businessmen in Hokkaido 
who stand to loose lucrative timber 
contracts and fishing concessions 
from the Soviet Union should they 
too openly endorse Tokyo’s poli¬ 
cies. Those sen timents are mir¬ 
rored in the support for organiza¬ 
tion's such as Mr. TomizawaV 
Mr. Tomizawa ushered recent 
visitors into a spacious reception 
room festooned with Japanese and 
Soviet flags. Here, amid the por¬ 
traits of Lenin and Soviet leader 
Leonid L Brezhnev, Mr, Tomi- 
zawa's organization entertains sev¬ 
eral hundred visiting Soviet digni¬ 
taries each year and hands out pro- 
Soviet literature to local Japanese. 

Knshiro’s Soviet frien dship pa¬ 
vilion, like the ones that dot Hok¬ 
kaido’s other major port cities, was 
built at Soria prom p tin g One 
hundred local businesses pm up 
5150,000 to construct the building 
and contribute to its upkeep in 
hopes of Soria favors. 

Fisheries Activities 

Fishing dominates the economy 
of this aty of 206,000 and the in¬ 
dustry slumped badly in 1976 
when Moscow proclaimed a 200- 
mfle (320-ktiomctcr) economic sea 
zone, cutting'Kushiro’s fishermen 
out of traditional fishfrg grounds 
in Soria waters. Since then, they 

Japan to Develop 
4 Arms Systems 

Reuters 

TOKYO — The Japanese De¬ 
fense Ministry will develop four 
new weapons systems, including a 
ground-to-shsp missile and a new 
battle tank, a a combined cost of 
58.5 bfilion yen (S2S2 million), a 
ministry spokesman said Monday. 

The ministry plans to develop 
the missik by 1987 at a cost of 20 
bfilion yoi ^$86 mil lion) and is 
seeking an initial budget of 7.8 bil¬ 
lion yen (S33.6 million) to build a 
prototype. The tank will be devel¬ 
oped a a cost of 25 bfilion yen 
($107.7 million) by 1988, and the 
ministry is requesting 7.1 billion 
yen (530.6 million) for a prototype. 

The ministry also plans to devel¬ 
op a laser-guided, anti-tank mis¬ 
sile. costing 8 bfilion yen ($34.5 
million), and a new system to 
mount ih* existing 35mm anti-air¬ 
craft machine gun on tanks, at a 
cost of 5 J billion yen (523.7 mil¬ 
lion). 


Mr. Liu. a mechanic by trade, 
says be was not imprisoned be¬ 
cause he was editor of the mildly 
critical, unofficial magazine April 
Fifth Forum, nor for committing a 
violent crime. His offense was pub¬ 
lishing a transcript of a public tri¬ 
al For that be was sentenced to 


three years in prison —called a la- joints ache. 


ranged the tape recording of the 
“public" trial of dissident Wei 
Jingsheng, attended by a hand¬ 
picked audience, and then sold 
transcripts of the tapes. 

Friends Arrested 

Several friends selling the tran¬ 
scripts at Peking's now-defunct 
Democracy Wall were arrested 
Nov. 11. Mr. Liu went to the Pub¬ 
lic _ Security Bureau to demand 
their release. He was arrested and 
questioned for hours about who 
made the tapes and why. 

When Mr. Liu asked' what crime 
be had committed, be was told that 
selling pamphlets about the dissi¬ 
dent Mr. Wei was “making coun¬ 
terrevolutionary propaganda." 

Mr. Liu replied that it was a 
word-for-word account of a public 
triaL “If you think the contents are 
counterrevolutionary propagan¬ 
da,” he said, “then the trial itself 
must be a connterrevolutionary ac¬ 
tivity.” 

Enraged and red-faced, bis in¬ 
terrogator pounded the table. 
“You must answer these ques¬ 
tions," he declared. “We have all 
kinds of ways of dealing with an 
insignificant parson like you. This 
is an organ of dictatorship.” 

“Legal action is not an inflexible 
thing, said another interrogator. 
“There always are exceptions. 
Anyone can be imprisoned with¬ 
out proceedings." 

Solitary Confinement 

The next day be protested that 
detention without legal proceed¬ 
ings was tantamount to kidnap¬ 
ping and went on a hunger strike 
to demand a public triaL For the 
next five months, Mr. Liu re¬ 
mained in solitary confinement in 
a Peking prison, with only a thin 
cotton blanket to protea him from 
cold so severe that it made his 


bar reform camp — without a trial 
and withont being officially 

ehargfri. 

JLn October. 1979, Mr. Liu ar- 


HLs movements in the 6 -square- 
yard cell were watched by dosed 
circuit television. The lights were 
on 24 hours a day and nearly 


ASEAN Aid to Cambodians 
Tied to Front With Pol Pot 


United Press international The United Nations still recog- 

STNGAPORE — The Associa- nizes the ousted Khmer Rouge, 
tion of Southeast Asian Nations one of the grotros taking part in 
will support “in every possible the talks, as the legitimate Cambo- 
way” Don-Communist Cambodian diaa gov ernme nt 
re sis t an ce forces only if they join a The three groups said in a state- 


coalition with the Communist 
Khmer Rouge, a senior Cabinet 
minister said Monday; 

The minister who requested ano¬ 
nymity said ASEAN which groups 
Singapore, the Philippines, In¬ 
donesia, Thailand and Malaysia in 


ment on the first meeting in Bang¬ 
kok on Sunday that they had 
agreed cm a working procedure for 
forming a new government. Fur¬ 
ther talks were to take place in 
Bangkok soon, they said. 

The two other groups taking 


a non-Commumst socio-economic part were the anii- fnmmiinig 
bloc, would give former Cambodi- Khmer People’s National Liber¬ 


al bead of slate Norodom 
Sihanouk and forma Premia Son 
San aid in the form of weapons, 
economic assistance and diplomat¬ 
ic support, only if they worked in a 
coalition. 

Mr. Sihanouk and Mr. Son San 
lead the two non-Communist 
Cambodian factions resisting the 
Vietnamese occupation of the 
country. They agreed in Singapore 
two weeks ago to work toward es- 


"8MWB SSKMiSSft 


a tion Front and the group sup¬ 
porting Prince Sihanouk. 

The leaders of the three groups, 
who met for the fim time in Singa¬ 
pore earlier this month, agreed in 
principle to form a coalition gov¬ 
ernment and establish a joint mili¬ 
tary council of their guerrilla 
forces. They left details to be nego- 
tia t e d . 

But following the Singapore 
meeting the Khmer Rouge radio 
has accused Mr. Son San of violat- 


Pot. 

The official warned that 
ASEAN would not give aid to in¬ 
dependent factions “which have 
no legal status.” Such 3 move 
would counter ASEAN’s support 
of a coal tion government to pres¬ 
sure Hanoi to withdraw its forces 
from the country. 

Meanwhile, Cfaiuty Premia for 
Foreign Affairs Sinnarhamby Ra- 
jaratnam has left Singapore for the 
UN General Assembly where he 
will seek to persuade other West¬ 
ern countries to support the 
ASEAN stand, he said. 

Mr. Rajaramam expressed con¬ 
fidence that the Khrcer Rouge will 
retain Cambodia’s seat at toe 
forthcoming UN meeting. Last 
year. 74 countries voted for the 
Khma Rouge to retain its seat. 


3 Resistance Groups Meet 

BANGKOK (Reuters) — Cam¬ 
bodia’s three mam anti-Viet¬ 
namese resistance groups have be¬ 
gun a series of meetings to try to 
form a coalition. 

Asian diplomats close to the 
groups said they expected an 
agreement on the outline of a gov¬ 
ernment-in-exile before the open¬ 
ing of the UN General Assembly 
session on SepL 15. 


toe new government. 

Mr. Son San, whose 4,000-man 
force is heavily outnumbered by 
an estimated 40.000 Khma Rouge 
guerrillas, has demanded that key 
posts in a coalition government be 
given to his group. He also wants 
Khma Rouge leaders responsible 
for the mass killings during their 
□early four years in power to go 
into voluntary exile. 

The diplomats said the differ¬ 
ences between the groups were still 
wide and further detailed negotia¬ 
tions were necessary before a coali¬ 
tion government could be formed. 

Bombs in Philippines 
Kill 2 and Wound 13 

United Press International 

21AMBOANGA, Philippines — 
A grenade tossed into a crowded 1 
downtown restaurant and a bomb , 
in a public market killed two per¬ 
sons and injured 13 in this south¬ 
ern port city, according to authori¬ 
ties Monday. 

A woman and an 11-year-old 
girt were killed and six persons 
were wounded in the grenade at¬ 
tack on toe restaurant Sunday. Ou 
Monday, potassium nitrate ex¬ 
ploded in Zamboanga's public 
market, injuring seven persons. 


CHANEL 

BOUTIQUE 



■c/i/. fa t£tetZ'Z 




31, HUE CAMBON-PARIS 1 


blinded him. His hair began to fall 
out and his lefi leg went numb. 

“In toe be ginning , 1 talked to' 
myself and sometimes 1 had an in¬ 
tense debate with on imagined op¬ 
ponent” he wrote. “I tried to re¬ 
member formulas in physics and 
chemistry ... I thought a lot about 
my mother and toe grief I brought 
ha in toe last few years. I felt very 
guilty.’’ 

Ah toe while, toe interrogations 
continued. The questioners wanted 
to know about toe tape recording 
and toe democratic movement in'- 
China. 

“Legal or illegal is not a ques¬ 
tion,” Sir. Liu wrote lata. “There 
is only the question of big or small 
influence. If one has great influ- 
ence, then he cannot be released. ; 
He must be beaten like a mangy 
dog with a broken spine so when 
be comes back to society he will , 
not constitute a threat, when will 
my motherland reform?” 

On July 21, 1980. Mr. Uu was 
sent to toe Lotus Flower Temple 
labor camp in Shanxi province for 
“re-education through labor” It 
was surrounded by 20 -fool walls 
topped by electrified barbed wire. 
He is still'there. 

“They can push me around at 
wifi,” Mr. Uu wrote. “However, 1 
still wfij face them. I still will . 
straggle until I am defeated.” 


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EVTERNAXIOIVAL 


PufaUMbed nMi The New lork Time* nod The VteHfah*C«*" pta » t ' ' 
Page 4 Tuesday, September 15,1981 • 

Merchants at the Summit 


You would have thought that when Ronald 
Reagan and Menachem Begin finally held 
their long-planned summit they would get se¬ 
rious. Do they really have a common sense of 
the realities in the Middle East? Does hold¬ 
ing Egypt and drawing other Arab nations 
into an anti-Soviet coalition require an early 
answ er to the Palestinian question? How 
could U.S. and Israeli military power protect 
the area against further Soviet advance and 
shield conservative Arab regimes against do¬ 
mestic threats? What are the possibilities, 
anrf limits, of the special ties of the United 
States to Saudi Arabia? How can Lebanon 
be pasted together again? 

And when they tired of these knotty issues, 
you would have thought the two leaders 
would at least briefly reflect on their disputes 
in recent months. How, without bombing 
Ragh^arf ] would Reagan have dealt with 
Iraq's suspicious nuclear program? How, 
without bombing Beirut and Palestinian con¬ 
centrations in Lebanon, would Reagan se¬ 
cure Israel’s northern frontier? What condi¬ 
tions, in fact if not in contract, does the Unit¬ 
ed States put upon the weapons it sells Isra¬ 
el? How firmly will the United States oppose 
the progressing Israeli annexation of the 
West Bank? 

It was certain, to be sure, that the s ummi t 
would be wrapped in public declarations of 
mutual esteem and dependency. But in pri¬ 
vate as in public, this meeting seems to have 
amounted to nothing more. 

All the pro clamatio ns of “alliance” and 
“strategic consensus'’ represent no signifi¬ 
cant policy turn. Some easy plans for further 
collaborations were shamelessly inflated. Mr. 
Begin will go home claiming that for all of 
Washington's recent condemnations, his U.S. 


flank is secure. Mr. Reagan will cite that har- 
mony to support his arguments in Congress 
that selling advanced military equipment to 
Saudi Arabia does not stab Israel in the 
back. The tough issues were all evaded. Two 
merchants have got what they could from 
each other; there were no statesmen in the 
room. 

Statesmen, and real friends, would have 
sorted out the dangerous policy confusions 
between them. For the Israelis profess to 
trust Mr. Reagan’s deepest instincts more 
than any other U.S. leader’s. And Mr. Begin 
is finally recognized in Washington, as a for¬ 
midable politician, whose policies are now 
growing deep, deep roots. 

But Mr. Reagan is also picking up largely 
where Jimmy Carter left off. He woos Saudi 
Arabia even to the point of breaking promis¬ 
es to Israel on the scheduled arms sales, and 
maneuvers in backdoor negotiations with the 
PLO, at least implying support for partition 
of the West Bank. Mr. Begin, meanwhile, is 
fast dosing the door on any Palestinian 
homeland. He vows to hold every inch of the 
West Bank and predicts that the House of 
Sand will soon go the way of the shah of 
Iran. 

The assumptions that give rise to these po¬ 
sitions are not easily reconcilable. The over¬ 
riding question before Israel and the United 
States at this juncture is not whether they are 
best described as “allies” or “collaborators.” 
It is whether their separate diplomacies can 
long sustain real partnership. If their leaders 
refuse to face that question in moments of 
calm, the contradictions will only keep burst¬ 
ing upon them in crisis. .■ 

THE NEW YORK TIMES. 



Spooks Who Don’t Fade Away 


Old soldiers may fade away. But what hap¬ 
pens to old spooks who don’t? To be precise: 
What happens to folks who have spent a car 
reer practicing the blade arts of covert action, 
working in an atmosphere of conspiracy, 
sometime-illegality and dedication to their 
cause and never doubting that they had the 
tadt consent and perhaps even the gratitude 
of the higber-ups for the shortcuts that were 
essential to their job? What work are they fit 
for, professionally and mentally, when they 
come infrom the cold? 

Four years ago reporter Bob Woodward 
disdosed information suggesting that at least 
a small handful of former covert operatives, 
including a man named Edwin P. Wilson and 
some anti-Castro Cuban exiles, had made a 
questionable detour. The government was 
asking, he reported, whether they had gone 
into the terrorism business for the Libyan 
dictator, Moamer QaddafL The story enjoy¬ 
ed a brief run and was enveloped in a cloud 
of internal government concern. 

The same story, elaborated, is enjoying a 
new life. Mr. Wilson, formally accused of 
supplying explosives, weapons and training 
to Libyan terrorists and of plotting an assas¬ 
sination on behalf of CoL Qadhafi, is said to 
be a fugitive in Tripoli. Fresh attention is 
being thrown on the ways in which he appar¬ 
ently used his CIA connections and his CIA 
aura to market his services after formal re¬ 
tirement and to recruit others —some still in 
the agency — to help him provide them. The 
frustrations of investigators in obtaining reli¬ 
able information and witnesses to penetrate 
this world of practiced deceits and interna¬ 
tional shadows are on plain view. 

Aside from media chance, the evident rea¬ 
son the Wilson affair is again at center stage 
is that in the interim a new administration 
came to power pledging to combat interna¬ 
tional terrorism, especially CoL Qadhafi’s. It 
is sobering news that, through the likes of 
Mr. Wilson and some erstwhile confederates 


Exports Are Also Imports 


Yet another leaked draft from inside the 
administration shows the Commerce and 
State departments to be at work on a propos¬ 
al to etiininate the requirement that foreign 
governments be notified before U.S. compa¬ 
nies export hazardous products. Should the 
plan be forwarded to the president and 
adopted, it would undo a sensible compro¬ 
mise policy agreed to only a year ago. 

There are many who believe that the Unit¬ 
ed States should forbid the export of sub¬ 
stances — pesticides, drugs, consumer prod¬ 
ucts, chemicals for instance — banned os 
tightly restricted in the United States. This 
ignores the reality that the risks and benefits, 
involved in a regulatory decision vary greatly 
among countries. The classic case is Dc- 
poProvera, a cheap, long-lasting, effective 
contraceptive banned here because of possi¬ 
ble long-term health risks. In many develop¬ 
ing countries where skyrocketing population 
growth has created great hardship, the 
balancing of risks and benefits yields a dif¬ 
ferent judgment. 

A sensible policy not only must accommo¬ 


date these differences; it also must encom¬ 
pass a number of economic, political and en¬ 
vironmental interests that point in conflict¬ 
ing directions. The policy must not interfere 
too greatly with trade by U.S. companies. 

The compromise eventually agreed to by 
Jimmy Carter and Congress allows exports 
of dangerous substances, only after the im¬ 
porting country is notified of the risks in¬ 
volved. It is not a perfect solution, but it is 
the best balancing of these various interests 
yet put forward. Burinesses have complained 
because of delays and papa: work, but these 
are modest in comparison with the benefits. 
The draft plan’s argument that current con¬ 
trols should be dropped because a “unified, 
international approach” would be better is a 
fancy way of saying, let’s do nothing. An ef¬ 
fective international notification system does 
not now exist Until it does — and the Unit¬ 
ed States should continue to support its cre¬ 
ation — die U.S. unilateral controls should 
be kept in place. 

THE WASHINGTON POST. 


In the International Edition 


Seventy-Five Years Ago 

September 15,1906 

YANA — U.S. sailors who landed in Havana 
President Palma's request on Thursday after- 
jon, were ordered back to the cruiser Denver 
sterday morning. The city was then quiet, but 
e Cuban government has shown many signs of 
ang demoralized. The insurgents have made a 
©position to lay down their arms if the United 
ales guarantees them a fair triaL Cienfuegos is 
ported as in a state of siege, and it is tuder- 
oad that the Marietta has landed men there, 
igar plantations owned by Americans have 
sen destroyed by the insurgents. The tenor of a 
spatch from President Roosevelt’s home 
akes intervention seem improbable. 


Fifty Years Ago 

September 15.1931 

VIENNA — Prince Staihemberg, former minister 
of the interior, veteran of the Austro-Hungarian 
army and chief figure in the Heumvehr organiza¬ 
tion, was taken into custody yesterday. Members 
of the prince’s staff also were arrested, as were 
hundreds of other persons implicated in yester¬ 
day’s short-lived attempt on the part of the 
Heimwehr to dethrone Vienna's Socialist gov¬ 
ernment and establish a Fascist dictatorship. 
Walter Pfrimer. head of the Styrian Hrimwehr 
organization, who led the putsch and declared 
himself dictator, was nowhere to be found today. 
He was believed either to hove fled to Italy or to 
be hiding in a mountain huL 


The Lenin Touch on Poland’s Situation 


and some old Cubans, the United States it¬ 
self had a hand in creating the very menace 
that it is now combating. 

It is in the nature of covert action, or in the 
nature of the public’s view of it, that there 
are people who suspect that some outer sanc¬ 
tum of the CIA put Mr. Wilson up to his 
Libyan tricks and some inner sanctum is still 
“nmning” him. You will also find people 
who see in the latest revelations a KGB distn- 
formation operation intended to discredit the 
CIA just as it starts girding for a new cold 
war. 

Actually, the facts, as best we understand 
them, are quite prosaic. Within days of learn¬ 
ing of Mr. Wilson’s doings in 1977, CIA dir* 
rector Stansfidd Turner fired a number of*- 
CIA employees whose contacts with the al¬ 
ready-retired Mr. Wilson he deemed qnes- r 
tionable. Informed congressional overseers 
have found no reason to doubt that, then or ■ 
since, intelligence officials perceive the dan¬ 
ger retired rogues can do the agency’s stand¬ 
ing and work. 

No matter how many old CIA hands, re-. 
tirees and ex-contract employees aHke make’ 
a good adjustment when they leave covert- : 
action, incidents like the Wilson affair and. • 
the assassination of Orlando Letelier, not toa 
speak of Howard Hunt and Watergate, dem¬ 
onstrate that some do not It is an ugly prob¬ 
lem. 

The publicity in these cases may have a 
certain value in raising the level of agency as 
well as congressional and public conscious¬ 
ness of the problem. Perhaps the CIA or its. 
alumni associations should consider accept¬ 
ing some responsibility, if not to keep an eye 
on the old boys, then to aid the re-entry of 
those whose only salable talents are black. 
The moment when a new wave of covert ac¬ 
tion may be in the offing is precisely the right 
time to ponder the rogues left over from the 
last round. 

THE WASHINGTON POST. 


■^TEW YORK — Not long before the BoP 
sbevik seizure of power in October, 1917, 
Lenin wrote that a revolutionary situation ex¬ 
ists when the masses will not, and the govern¬ 
ment cannot, live as they did before. Without 
pausing to judge the universal validity of that 
classical Leninist statement, I would argue that 
bis maxim, which 1 was to nmw" 7 * at 
the Soviet institute that 1 attended, fully ex¬ 
plains the present Polirii situation. 

Before the Polish Co mmunis t Party’s sum¬ 
mer congress, debates between moderates and 
conservatives in the party assumed a particu¬ 
larly scholastic, sectarian and abstract charac¬ 
ter, barely touching upon the realities of the 
political crisis. Only 3 percent of those sur¬ 
veyed recognize the party’s legitimacy, accord¬ 
ing to an unofficial pdl of Polish public opin¬ 
ion conducted by the French journal Paris 
Match. That figure is even lower than the per¬ 
centage of the population that the party claim* 
as its membership. 

Surprising 

It is surprising, therefore, that the congress, 
largely ceremonial in nation, was seen as such 
a momentous event in Poland as wdl as in the 
Eastern Bloc and the West. Time is now woric- 

abamkmiiig oneposition after another in the 
face of a spontaneous natirmat movement of 
discontent 

The movement is transforming the party 
from a governing body to that of an opposi¬ 
tion force, while at the same time radicalizing 
die independent labor union Solidarity so th*y 
its leadership is not coopted by the eadritmg 
system. Solidarity itself is experiencing a meta¬ 
morphosis. Beginning as a movement of oppo¬ 
sition, the mmm already has become, under 
pressure from the populace, the de facto rulerf 
of the Pohsb nation. 

Lenin’s appraisal of what continues a revo¬ 
lutionary situation is apt in this context: The 
Polish government no longer can govern as be- 


By Vladimir Solovyov 

fore because the Polish masses no longer wflj 
accept such rule. But is Solidarity ready to as- 
sume state power? The omon has shown briHir 
antiy that it can act as an astute opposition, 
but can it come to grips with the nation’s eco¬ 
nomic crisis? 

For that matter, is anyone capable of resolv¬ 
ing Poland’s enormous economic difficulties? 
Could David A. Stockman, President Reagan's 
budget director? Could Milton Friedman? 
Could God? (An anecdote currently in vogne 
has Pope John Paul II asking God whether be 
will live to see the day when Poland’s econom¬ 
ic crisis win end. In reply, God said, “Not only 
wjll^ou not five to see that day, but neither 

Paradoxically, during Poland’s long-awaited 
year of freedom, the wn n nmif. situation has 
not improved but has worsened. Us debt to the 
West has increased lo S27 billion, coal produc¬ 
tion has declined sharply, exports have plum¬ 
meted, and the food distribution system is in 
shainhiM Emigr ants are streaming out at an 
alarming rate: 

Poland’s experiments with democracy have 
not been smooth or simple in the past. Histori¬ 
cally, democracy often gave way to anarchy or 
logomachy, winch in turn led to yet another 
period of dictatorship The brief period of Pol¬ 
ish independence in tins cmtnry between the 
two wood wars witnessed the coup d’etat of 
1926, led by the “Socialist” Josef Pflsudski, 
who established a militar y dictatorship, the so- 
called “Sanaja" (National Rebirth). 

Today, internal anarchy threatens the Polish 
revolution no less than foreign intervention. In 
order to extricate itself from its economic 
quandary, and at the time to withstand 
•pressurefrom Moscow, Poland needs a strong 
^ g ov ern ment Talk of a new “Sonaja" as the 
only means of escaping from the present plight 
is in the Polish air. However, revolutionary as¬ 
pirations often, as in the past, lead to dictator¬ 
ship. 


One can say with certainty that any attempt 
to impose a pro-Soviet dictatorship in Poland 
would be met by a national uprising. 

Conversely, the Poles would accept a dicta¬ 
torship with a deady defined patriotic charac¬ 
ter, if this dictatorship succeeded in ending 
economic chaos and and political anarchy. The 
naming of Gen. Wqjaech Jarozdscki as me¬ 
nder, and the subsequent appointment of four- 
other generals to Cabinet posts, coupled with 
the election of 10 voting and seven nonvoting 
members to the Polish party’s central commit¬ 
tee— all from the military — is a step in the 
direction of effecting a Polish “18th of Bra- 

nwin »" 

Polish Napoleon 

Of course, the mild and nervous Gen. 
Jarozdscki, who hardly resembles Marshal Pil- 
sudsld, would be even less likely to play the 
part of a Polish Napoleon. Neither does the 
leader of the Polish proletariat. Lech Walesa, 
fit the role of a dictator. Individually, neither 
man seems able to fill the part But what if 
they pooled their efforts? In any case, the exi¬ 
gencies of the situation have created a power 
vacuum and a need for a “national savior.” As 
is well known, power vacuums are never left 
unfilled for long. 

The question is whether a union is possible 
between the Pole Jarozdscki and the Pole 
Walesa, between the Polish generals and the 
Polish revolutionaries, between the P olish 
army and Solidarity, between the soldiers and 
the workers. Do those groups-possess suffi¬ 
cient patriotism to unite agamst the threat of 
anarchy, disintegration and the end of Polish 
sovereignty? 


Vladimir Solovyov, Russian^bom historian and 
journalist now living in New York, has just com¬ 
pleted a book, M Russian Paradoxes.” He wrote 
this article for the Los Angeles Times. 


Portugal: Rough Road Ahead of Premier 


L ISBON — When PurtuguaTs 
14th post-revolutionary gov¬ 
ernment took office early this 
month, it marked a new watershed 
in the turbulent political history of 
this country since the return of de¬ 
mocracy in 1974. Taking office 
was Social Democratic leader 
Francisco Pinto Balsemfto, 
s uc ceedi n g himself, in a one-act 
drama which, but for its serious 
implications, had all the makings 
of a national soap opera. 

Mr. Pinto BalsemSo's resigna¬ 
tion one warm sticky August week¬ 
end was followed a week later by 
his reappointment in an arcane 
dispute winch boiled down to an 
unresolved six-month old leader¬ 
ship crisis within the Social Demo¬ 
crats — major partners with the 
Christian Democrats and monar¬ 
chists in the governing Democratic 
Alliance coalition. 

The leadership problems began 
last year on Dec. 4 when Francisco 
Sa Cameiro, the 
founder of the Social' 
and architect of the i 
died in a plane crash three days 
before a crucial ballot to elect a 
new head of state. 


By Ken Pottinger 

him perished the three- 


With 
>roi _ 

itary majority, a Democratic 
Alliance government and a govern¬ 
ment-backed president, designed 
by Mr. Sa Caineixo to transform 
the country. With only two of the 


Cassandras were soon out 

mg doom. 

Such was Mr. Sa Cameiro’s 
charismatic power and control of 
the parry and the government that 
his death left an unfillable gap and 
indelibly marked the young de¬ 
mocracy’s development. Thus the 
mantle, which fell on Mr. Pinto 
BalsemSo’s shoulders when the 
bereaved party first asked him to 
take the premier’s job last Christ¬ 
mas, was always certain to be a 
heavy one. Ambitions adversaries 
wi thin the party immediately set 
about working against him and an 
unceasing guerrilla war against 
Mr. Balsemao continued afl this 
year. 

The minority hard-liners sought 
to create permanent institutional 
conflict in the power-sharing semi- 
Qtial system operating here, 
to force President Antonio 
Hanes out of office and 


•Letters— 

Hassled at Airports 

The lead paragraph in the Page 1 
Reuters article. “One Big Mess” 
(IHT, Aug. Lljabout delayed and 
cancelled flights to and from the 
United States reads *Tbe transat¬ 
lantic turmoil” is “a result of the 
strike by U.S. air t raffic controll¬ 
ers.” 

This is not correct. The chans at 
that time was caused by die Cana¬ 
dian air traffic controllers flexing 
their muscles against their own 
veramenL They caused tremen- 
us inconvenience to thousands 
of people and simply took a free 
ride on the unlawful situation in 
the United States, which has virtu¬ 
ally nothing to do with planes 
being grounded in London, Paris 
and Amsterdam. 

I ndeed, flights in the United 
States are running almost normally 
with domestic air traffic flowing 
smoothly. Conversely, for the past 
six months it has been practically 
impossible to fly anywhere in Eu¬ 
rope without running into strikes, 
slowdowns and outnght refusal to 
work. 

1 have been hassled in Hamburg, 
slowed down in Stockholm, 
pushed aside in Faria and Itft in 
the larch in London. Now the 
“English disease” has been carried 
over to Canada. If the airport 
world has gone mad — which it 
s —let’s not put tbe 
: on an illegal action by U.S. 


ptoyees. I 
aligning it 


and tired of languishing in airports 
and being herded around like cat¬ 
tle in a Kansas City stockyard just 
because some jerk doesn’t fed like 
working today. 

Airport employees have been 
talring advantage of their captives 
— the traveling public. Maybe a 
few other governments should fire 
a few people who don’t want to 
work and solve part of the unem¬ 
ployment problem by hiiing.those 
who do. 

T. HILLIARD STATON. 

AmSfffriflTn 

On Moderation 

So Saudi Arabia is a “moderate 
nation.” 1 Maybe through Caspar 
Weinberger's Bechtd-tamted glass¬ 
es it is, but one wonders which 
Saudi Arabia the U.S. defense sec¬ 
retary may be speaking about: The 
one in which “human rights" is a 
dirty wend? Or the one which calls 
fra 1 a holy war against Israel? Or is 
it perhaps the rare winch, although 
temporarily braking the increase m 
the price of oil (not out of concern 
for the world, of course^ but in or¬ 
der to preserve the dollar value of 
her own resources), is responsible, 
more than anybody else far the 
scandalous stranglehold that 
OPEC has cm the rest of the world, 
including America. 

ZALMAN SHOVAL 
Samt-Paul-de-Vence, France 


get their own conservative candi¬ 
date elected in the subsequent in¬ 
terim-presidential ballot. 

Opposing -this line, Mr. Pinto 
BalsemSo made it dor that his 
government would respect the 
electorates wishes as expressed in 
two national elections late last year 
when both the conservative alli¬ 
ance and the moderately center 
leftist President Eanes were re¬ 
turned to office. 

Critical Minority 

The critical minority in the So¬ 
cial Democrats thus proceeded to 
hamper Mr. Pinto BalsemSo’s ef¬ 
forts at governing until by the 
summer he was to declare he had 
h«ri enough a nd t e n de r his resigna¬ 
tion. The strategy was to discredit 
his opponents and effectively si¬ 
lence them. His plan was hugely 
successful with the critics backing 
off in disarray, but the conflict is 
probably not over yet. 

In Mr. Sa Carneiro’s day, the 
dissidents would have been ex¬ 
pelled from or forced out of the 
party, a purifying tactic he used 
with terrifying effect several times 
in the short history of the Social 
Democrats. Mr. Pmto Balsemao, 
however, is made of different met¬ 
tle so the hard-liners wifi probably 
live on to fight another day. 

Neverthhau, the 44-year old 
newspaper proprietor, who prefers 
conciliation to conflict, em¬ 
erged strengthened from the mid¬ 
summer upheaval. His problem in 
the Democratic Alliance today, is 
butt a shadow of what it started out 
to be—the great reforming liberal 
administration winch would set to 
rights all the mistakes of tbe Marx¬ 
ist-inspired revolution and lay sol¬ 
id groundwork for Portugal’s entry 
to the European Economic Com¬ 
munity, scheduled fra-1984. 

Its opponents, like Socialist 
leader Mario Soares are already 
writing it off and certainly the 
composition of the new Cabinet, 
embracing the top men of the three 
involved, has the air of a 

attempt to keep the Alli¬ 


ance afloat for its full term ending 
1984. 

Should continuing contradic¬ 
tions cause it to break up, there 
would almost certainly have to be 
an early general election with no 
dear sign of what sort of _ 
would emerge victorious from 
an event 

To add to the taring difficulties 
facing Premier Pinto BalsemSo, 
tbe country is in deep economic 
difficulty with inflation this 
expected to top 20 percent, 
ance of payments deficit 
record highs and an 
drought coupled with forest fires 
adding enormously to the import¬ 
ed food and raw materials bilL 

The rising value of the dollar 
against the escudo has not helped, 
with Portugal now getting deeper 
into debt to pay its costly imported 
fuel req ui r e ments afl invoiced in 
dollars and the large scale U.S. 
grain shipments it buys. 

Tough economic austerity lies 
ahead at exactly the moment when 
Portugal needs to quadruple its an¬ 
nual growth rate in comparison to 
OECD member countries if h is is 
to bridge an existing development 
gap before joining the EEC. 

Mr. Pinto BalsemSo is going to 
need plenty of determination and 
more than Ujs fair share of good 
fortune if he is to pull off the so¬ 
cial and economic transformations 
promised by the alliance when it 
was first formed in the middle of 
1979. 

0/884 Ituemaacna/ Herald Tribune. 


Letters intended for publica¬ 
tion should be addressed “Letters 
to the Editor, ” and must include 
the writer's address and signa¬ 
ture. Priority is men to letters 
that are brief and do not request 
anonymity. Letters may be 
abridged. We are unable to 
acknowledge all loners, but value 
die views of readers who submit 
them. 


A Lack 
Of Interest 
In Justice? 

By Anthony Lewis 

B OSTON — The Reagan ad-'. 

ministration long since; 
made clear its radical character its 
break from 1 crag-settled ideas of 
the public interest. Its policies on 
the environment and public h ealth , 
arc widely observed examples. Bur 
for me the most striking example 
came in a brief filed last week ip 
the Supreme Court 
The solicitor general. Rex E- 
Lee, told the Court that the federal 
government hug no legal “interest” 
m a pending constitutional ques¬ 
tion: whether, under the 14th, 
Amendment, Texas may exclude 
the children of illegal aliens from, 
public schools. The government 
will take no position on the issue, 
the brief said, because it affects, 
only “the of Texas, not the 
United States." . . . . 

In so saying, the administration, 
broke with more than 30 years of 
history. In countless cases, under, 
both Democratic and Republican. 
adminis trations , the Justice De-, 
partment hag told the Supreme 
Court that the United States has 
an interest in the interpretation' 
and mfoscement of the 14th 
Amendment. It has repeatedly — 
and successfully — urged the 
Court to hold states to tbe amend- 
meat’s guaranty of equality in the 
treatment of ati^ps and minorities. 

Many of the constitutional land¬ 
marks of the last several decade: 
were state cases in which the Jus¬ 
tice Department gave its views in 
briefs filed as a friend of the court. 
An outstanding example was tbe 
school segregation cases, Brown 
vs. Board of Education. 

In 1952, under the Truman ad¬ 
ministration, the Justice Depart¬ 
ment filed a brief arguing that 
school segregation was unconstitu¬ 
tional. The leading book on the 
cases, Richard Kruger's “Simple 
Justice,” says that the brief was 
crucial in a particular idea it ad¬ 
vanced: that the Court would not 
have to order segregation aided 
evoywhere overnight but could al¬ 
low gradual im plementation , That 
relieved the anxieties of some jus¬ 
tices about a decision agnmet seg¬ 
regation. 

After hearing the school cases, 
the Court in 1953 ordered them 
reargued. This time h asked the 
Justice Department to take part in 
the oral argument. By now the Ei¬ 
senhower administration was in 
office. In December, 1953, Assist¬ 
ant Attorney General J. Lee Ran-, 
rin argued for the federal govern¬ 
ment. Asked by a member of the 
Court what the Eisenhower admin¬ 
istration's view was on the baric is¬ 
sue of segregation, Rankin replied: 

“It is the position of the Depart¬ 
ment of Justice that segregation in 
public schools cannot be main¬ 
tained under tbe 14th Amend¬ 
ment.” 

Tbe Eisenhower administration 
and its Democratic successors also 
played a part in tbe apportionment 
cases, which found that grossly un¬ 
equal districts for the election of 
state le gislato rs violated the Con¬ 
stitution. 

The Supreme Court first opened 
the way for courts to consider such 
issues when in 1960 it found un¬ 
constitutional the racial gerryman¬ 
dering of the city boundaries of 
Tuskegee, Ala. Mr. Rankin, by 
then solicitor general, filed a brief 
arguing for that decision. 

When the larger question of leg¬ 
islative apportionment came along. 
Mr. Rankin was ready to file a 
brief saying that it, too, was appro¬ 
priate far. judicial resolution. But 
the Kennedy administration 
taken office before the brief was 
filed, by Solicitor General Archi¬ 
bald Cox in 1961. Mr. Cox made 
oral arguments in that and the lat¬ 
er apportionment cases. 

Afl these cases were decided un¬ 
der the Equal Protection Clause of 
the 14th Amendment, winch says 
t ha t no state shall “deny to any 
person within its jurisdiction tbe 
equal protection of the laws.” 

Mr. Lee, in his brief in the Texas 
case, suggested that the United 
States lacked a legal “interest” 
when no federal law but only con¬ 
stitutional rights were at issue. But 
that has been true in many cases 
over these recent decades. In 3 94?, 
in urging the Supreme Court to ' 
hold racial real estate covenants 
unenforceable under the Constitu¬ 
tion, the Justice Department ex¬ 
plained its interest in a passage 
ihaf began: 

“The federal government has a 
special responsibility for the pro¬ 
tection of the fundamental civil 
rights guaranteed by the Constitu¬ 
tion and laws of the United 
States.” 

The Texas case shows again how 
little the Reagan administration 
deserves the label “conservative.” 

Far from respecting precedent and 
continuity, it is moved by politics 
and ideology. 

To see a solicitor genera] sign 
such a brief is especially sad. Thai 
office is a unique one, with respon¬ 
sibilities to the Supreme Court and 
u> history as wed as to the govern¬ 
ment of the day. Tbe solicitor gen¬ 
era! speaks for (he United States in 
the Court, and the justices expect 
more from him thaw politics. If a 
justice now asks Mr. Lee a consti¬ 
tutional question like that put to 
Mr. Rankin is 1953, he will pre¬ 
sumably answer: “We don’t care.” 
e/m. The New Yah Tunes 


CVTEHNA3TONAL 


3Kerafo<a£fe31*ibtme 


Jobs Hay Whitney 

Chairman 

Katharine Graham Arthur Ochs Sulzberger 

Co-Chairmen 


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HpSctac. Td W-I 16 J TdKMZiWHcfaK FattOMcK HcaU 

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Lee W. Huebner 

PtaEp M. Foisie 
Walter N-Wefls 
Robert K. McCabe 
Stephen fQaftfrnau 


Publisher 

Executive Editor 
Editor 

Deputy Editor 
Chief Editorial Writer 


1980 


Roland Pinson 

Rene Bondy 

Francois Desnaisotts 

Richard H. Morgan 


A ssoci ate Publisher 
Director of Finance 
Director of Circulation 

Director of Advertising 


i 


i 









Entertainment 


Fashion 


A Music Hall District of Paris Comes Back to life Widening the Fur Trade 


t, control, 
Land, fire 
and overall, compliance 


tween a. con tinuing TMI crisis,”* 
and continued uncertainty about 
nuclear power in general “and a 


■.* tje New YodrTnnes,' iKe docn- 
rieni tista mne plants, or 18 per- 
.. " corf* a S "above average;” 26, or 52 
. V pMoait, is “averager and 15, or 
V 1 percept, as “bdow a^eragt" 
>-Hewever,. the report said no 
■ '* pfantwas rated lower than “bdow 
7-\ average” or bad audi significant 
“ 5 V. pnrfAans as to warrant concern 
v*..» about thesafrty of its operation- - 
-V? . -.The report stems from the agen- 
£ cfz action plan adopted after the 
■< f . sxidfflt at the Three JVfile Island 
; i&ctor in March, 1979; and ns- 
7 L* fleets conditions that existed in 
*'r % liie 1979 and 1980. 

j •••. Qoestion of Competency 

■•>'{ -“Befow"'average” plants are in 

? Arkansas^ Pennsylvania, Alabama, 
L -'; New Yock,New Jersey, North Ok- 
> - ■' roKna, Ohio, Florida, Michigan, 

J. Massachusetts,California and Vrr- 
gtnia. 

K By finding fault with nearly one- 
l . C third of the plants, the new com- 
. - 7 mission report is likely to renew 
'.'j.? public questioning of at least a 
~ V part of the nuclear industry s com- 
^ peteocy. 

- T* , Last weeik, the' Edison Etectoc 
,V- Drititute, a utility trade assoda- 
tion,’endorsed a plan by Petmsyl- 
-"Jth vama Gov. Dick Tbqimburg to 

WilliamLoeb, 
^ Of Conservati 1 


' ^. L . By Wolfgang Saxon 

-*> _ New York Tones Service 

'NEW YORK — Wflliam Loeb, 
T V ; 75, the fervently conservative pub- 
• Ushe r of the Manchester Union 
. ■ Leader and the New Hampshire 

,f - Sunday News, died Sunday of can- 
■ cer at the Leahy Clitic in Boriing- 

- ton. Mass. 

;/r ? .. Mr. Loeb was a small-town 

c ; OBITUARIES 

‘ newspaper publisher whose sneers 
at national political leaders and 
starkly limned views from the far 
~ - right of the spectrum him. 

c: auadrenmal notoriety because ctf 
c the presidential primaries in. New 
Hampshire, the candidates*. first 
(estinggrotmd.. - • . j: 

■- .Mir. Loeb did not live in New 
. Hampshire. He divided. Ins time 

- between his ranch in Reno, Nev_, 
l . ~ and, increasingly in recent years, a 

Tudor mansion on a 100-acre es- 
tate at Prides Crossing, a vfllagein 

— Beverly, Mass, abbot 20 mfles (32 
kflometera) northeast of Boston. 

.'7 His front-page editorials in the 
... Manchester Union Leader, some- 
times printed in boldface and capi¬ 
tal letters, took a black-and-white 
7, stand on the issues. Grays, Mr.. 

7 Loeb believed, could only befuddle 
^ J the reader. “Things are either right 

- .'nr they are wrong," he once said, 

7- r. vj ‘Moscow MuskSe* 

Mr. Loeb lumped liberal Demo- 
,'crats together as "left-wing 
^fcoofaL" termed farmer President 

• -'john F. Kennedy “the No 1 Karin 
, the United States,” labeled Nelson 

J Rockefeller a “wife-swapper’*. 

- -,: -tad called former President 

-Dwight D. Eisenhower a “stinking 
:; "lypocrite.” 

-A Mr. Loeb raised a furor in the 
. -'.^972 New Hampshire primary 
''dun he referred to thm Sen. Efli 

- rinnd S. Muskie of Maine, the 
.-It ^ttmt-nmner for the Democratic 

^ residential nomination ’at that 
" 'ffle, as "Moscow Muskie." ' 
c 'Mr. Loeb’s publication erf a sptt- 
-‘ ’ .-ous “Canuck letter,” which quot- 
Ld Mr. Muskie as making di^>ar- 
' ; '.’-^“g ttaoarks about French Cana- 
'* Lians in bis home'staie, and a fol- 
. ' r . 7-w-up . e&torial deriding the ’ 
7 matures twfe, Jane, are gmeraDy 
'^.’garded as the arrows that 
- -lowered Mr. Moskie’s presiden- 
'^ alhopcs. ’ ' 

The purported author of . the let- 
... 4- was untraceable, but the letter 
,w later attributed to the “duty 
. •. -y .icks” practiced by canmfflgn 
. . ".Vcakas for former Prcsideni Ricb- 
; ; v rd M. Nixon. 

A follow-up editorial, not writ- 
. n by Mr. Loeb, caused Mr. 
>-'fbskie to defend his wife in 
'iowy Manchester. A picture of 
... ^ senator, irate arid in. tears, was 

- r -v-',ri>Eshed ' nationwide, further 
'' una@ng his presidential chances. 

. Toid BalP 

• . .v-lMe.- Loeb was a Nixon support- ■ 

••^-fbr many ycars/but when Mr. 
r '^rioa announced in 1971 that he 
- ^ going to Peking the pnbKsher 
'-Hed Trim a “foul oalT*. who bad . 
* - devalued our chances <rf victory 
. / riid the Communists by cua- - 
7 :• ap to the Qunese Reids and . 
•;a kfliEis in the KremKiL" Bm 

- \ ■ ring the Watergate scandal' he 

■ mended that Mr. Nixon's rcag- 
-i fion or impeadnnent would 
.- j .- 'ie die power of the ballotbox to 
' x /iat Mr. Loeb decried as a small 
que^of “arrogant, self-appointed •. 
ers” in the news media. 

More to Mr. Loeb's IHdng were , 

• ‘ a. Barry Goldw&ter of Arizona 
yd Ronald- Reagan. 

For all his irasdhjlity, Mr. Loeb '. 
stated a crusading paper that 
npaigm^l furiously against erffi- •" 

’’ .1 waste and corruption and . 
„ v Aably printed more letters from 
d«s than any newspaper in the 
miry. 

Few pajple seem to have known 
, wdLlmt those who met him 

_ _./■ md hira a with & 

'. :ong. bdrief in good manners; He 


IM r * “ VX IA 4 VTV 

average' does not mean thar a fa- 
cilhy was .nosafe or that its tmerar 
tion or construction should be 
stopped.” 

... c tBg> Expectations' 

. . Jt cxplsincd; “The expected per¬ 
formance level for nuclear facili¬ 
ties is high, as it should be. A rat-. 
■ mg of *bdow average* means 
<tbe facility was not Tneeti ^ g the 
full measure of these high expecta¬ 
tions.” 

The plant most heavily died as 
“below average," Beaver Valley T 
of lhe Duqoesne Light Co. at ^p- 
pinroort, Pa^ near Pittsburgh, was 
cited for “weakness” m niTM- of the 
15 functions surveyed in the as¬ 
sessment 

“Many items of noncompliance 
concerned personnd errors, indi¬ 
cating instances Of insuffici ent 
training, and revealed instances of 
poor supervision, of personnel,” 
the report said. 

By contrast, the evaluation of 
the “above average” plants charac¬ 
terized them as “well run, with 
particnlarly competent, involved 
and responsive management” and 
vrith “a strong c ommitmen t to ra¬ 
diation protection” and “good 
Mannnmicatiops with the NRC.” 

U.S. Publisher 
ye Views, Dies 



By Boron 

International Bendd Tribune 

. ■pARIS—In the *20s it roared, 

■ JL a block-long stretch of ac- 
cordion palaces where nig h t li f e 
was a gamble and they played for 
ke^s. By the ’30s, Parisian high 
soa«y flacked there for the kick 
of xn m g Kft g with the toughs. The 
war put a damper on thin pc but 
in the '50s and ’60s the street at¬ 
tracted busloads of tourists, 
drawn by tales of the epaches — 
elevated to a mythic gan gland 
stature worthy of A1 Capone; In 
the *70s, it was pure kitsch. Now 
a new eiergy is revitalizing Rue. 
de Lappe, with the first signs of 
regeneration juxtaposed with 
remnants of the past 

“We didn't choose ^ street 
by chance,” admitted Jean-Luc 
Fraissc, co-owner of the Chap- 
pefle des Lombards jazz duo. 
“We chose. Rue de Lappe be¬ 
cause we liked the ambience —it 
just .seemed appro pri ate for jazz 
to return to the music faalL” 

Repelled from the Les Halles 
area m central Paris by an over¬ 
dose of commercialization, Fra- 
isse and his partner, Pierre Gar¬ 
da, moved east of the Bastille in 
January, setting up their place in 
the shell of one of 17 former 
dance establishments that sprang 
up along the Mock 50 years ago. 
But they woe not just connect in g 
with the past. Over the last few 
years, the neighborhood around 
K-ue de Lappe has been turning 
into the ert/s loft district, fining 
up with artists and intellectuals 
drawn to the area by the cheap 
workshop space, the ethnic varie¬ 
ty, and relative isolation from the 
sted-and-glass modernization in 
ihe center of Paris. 

CoBecfive Art GaHeiy 

The Atelier Bastille, a collec¬ 
tive art gallery, opened on Rue 
de Lappe in March. Its initiators, 
MLchd and FHeabuh Fanblee, 
were driven from their former 
studio near the Pompidou Center 
when tourists started invading 
Beanbourg. “It was incompatible 
with what we were trying to do,” 
Elisabeth Faublee explained. 
“The charm of our new setting is 
its genuineness." 

Although they lament the ar¬ 
rival of the newcomers, the own¬ 
ers of an anarchist bookstore 




Crowded dance floor of Balajo. 


down the street agree that “gen- 
trification” is unlikely to become 
a problem for the street. Unlike 
the Marais and Les Halles, where 
hundreds of long-time residents 
were forced out of their dilapi¬ 
dated housing as it was snapped 
up by real estate agencies for re¬ 
novation, Rue de Lappe is pro¬ 
tected by a number of factors. 
The Socialists took the district in 
the last election, and now careful 
reconsideration is being given to 
the way the Paris slums are to be 
dealt with. 

“The policy of the mayor of 
Paris — the right in general, but 
[Jacques] Chirac in particular — 
has been to replace a population 
of workers, old people, factories, 
craftsmen, people who tradition- 


Poblishing 


Japanese Strategy Bullish 


mm'-t 


in 

WafiamLoeh 7 
could be soft-spoken and warm. 


turned to urn many outdoor active. 
ties he shared with his fluid wife, 
the former Nackcy Scripps Gal- 
: lowhur, an heiress to the Scripps- 
Howard newspaper chain. 

Mr. Loeb propagated the con- 
: cept of profit-sharing. He founded 
siuch a pbn for his company and, 
in. his mil, stipulated that the pa¬ 
pa* be controlled by its employees 
after he and his wife had died. The 
inheritance tax re ductions enacted 
under the Reagan administration, 
however, could cancel the arrange¬ 
ment by which the newroapert 
employees would. eventually be¬ 
come owners. 

William Lodi was bom on Dec. 
26,1905, in Washington, where his 
father, also named WHHam, was 
President Theodore Roosevelt’s 
private secretary. When the Loebs* 
son. was christened, Roosevelt was 
the godfather. He served as a life¬ 
long model for the publisher, who 
considered himself a “Teddy Roo¬ 
sevelt” conservative; 

Mr. Loeb graduated from Wil¬ 
liams College as an honor student 
and attended Harvard Law School 
for two years. He worked on vari¬ 
ous newspapers and at other jobs 
before he realized his ambition to 
own a papa of his own with the 
1941 acquisition, of the St. Albans 
(Vl) Daily Messenger. Mr. Loeb 
bought the Union Leader in 1946. 

Frank McHugh 

NEW YORK (NYT) — Frank 
McHugh, 83, the stalwart support¬ 
ing actor best known for his sidek¬ 
ick roles in' scores of motion pic¬ 
tures, died Friday. 

Mr. McHugh, known , for his 
round visage and spunky snicker, 
played Quince, the down, in the 
1935 film version of “A Midsum¬ 
mer Night’s Dream.” He also 
appeared in “The Fighting 69th" 
with James Cagney and Pat 
O’Brien, two stars with whom be 
was frequently cast, and “Going 
My Way,” with Bing Crosby. 

• - Helen Humes 

SANTA MONICA, Calif. (AP) 
—HeJen Humes, 68, a jazz singer 
whose star rose and fdl for dec¬ 
ades before burning its brightest in 
the mid-1970s, died Wednesday of 
cancer. 

Miss Humes readied ha fust 
■peak rin g in g with the Count Basic 
orchestra between 1938 and 1942, 
then reached another height in 
1945 with her first hil single, “Be- 
baba-leba.” She retired m 1967, 
that emerged as a brighter-lhan- 
eva jazz fight at the 1975 Newport 
Jazz Festival ‘ 

Bernard Weinstock 
. DETROIT (AP) — Bernard 
. Weinstock, 63, an aide to Nobel 
Prize Laureate Harold C. Urey on 
the scientific team that developed 
the atomic bomb during World 
War H, .died.Saturday of a heart 
attack. 


By Jacqueline Wilson 

New York Tana Strrttx 

XTEW YORK — He slew his 
- IN first foe at the age erf 13, and 
went on to kill 60 more in ane-to- 
ane combat. He was a painter, a 
writer, a caffigrapber, philosopher 
and a spiritual leader. His n||m is 
Miyamoto Musasbi, a legendary 
Japanese samurai warrior who is 
suddenly a hot issue on Wall 
Street. 

- The veiride is “The Book of Five 
Rings: A Classical Guide to Strat¬ 
egy,” written by Mcsashi in 1645, 
published by Overlook Press in 
1974 and now catching on as a sort 
of lifestyle guide in the financial 
c ommuni ty. More than 75,000 
copies are in print and the book 
goes into its ninth printing next 
month. 

The publishers are amazed. “We 
originally printed this book for the 
martial- arts audience^” said Mark 
Gcrnpertz, an editor of Overlook 
Press, “Certainly, we didn’t expect 
anything like this." 

So are some bookstores. “It's 
selling better than some of the best 
sellers,” said Beth Dugan, a buyer 
for a Walden Books in the Wall 
Street area. The shop is sold out 

At 96 pages for $1255, “The 
Book of Five Rings” costs 14 cents 
per not-vay-wordy page. That 
compares with about 2 cents a 
page for the typical business strat¬ 
egy book. For the money, the read¬ 
er gets a lengthy introduction, 
illustrations of and by the author, 
and the cryptic teachings of 
MusashL 

Musasbi, writing at the end of 
Us fife while living in a cave, ex¬ 
pounds on kendo, a Japanese 
sword technique. His philosophy, 
influenced by Zen, Shintoism and 
Confucianism has'one clear mes¬ 
sage — in order to defeat the me- 


my, there must be strategy and 
method. A sample of his wisdom: 

“There are four Ways in which 
man passes through fife; as gentle¬ 
men, fanners, artisans and mer¬ 
chants. And each has a strategy." 

For the “gentleman warrior,” 
the Way is the resolute acceptance 
of death, “If you keep your spirit 
correct from morning to night ac¬ 
customed to the idea erf death and 
resolved on death, and consider 
yourself as a dead body thus be¬ 
coming one with the Way of the 
warrior, you can pass through life 
with no possibility erf failure and 
perform your office properly.” • 

On Single Combat 

Musashi goes on to discuss one- 
on-one battle. How to stab your 
enemy in the face, how to cut and 
slash, how to frighten and bow to 
intimidate. “In single combat, you 
must also put yourself in the ene¬ 
my’s position. If you think. ‘Here 
is the master of the Way, who 
knows the principle of strategy,’ 
then you wifi certainly lose." 

In an era when Japanese ex¬ 
pertise is all the rage, “The Art of 
Japanese Managem e nt," by Rich¬ 
ard Tanner, and “Theory Z: How 
American Business Can Meet the 
Japanese Challenge;" by William 
G. Oodd. both have bom on the 
best-seller list for months. But now 
it's Musashi with a vengence. In 
August. Harper & Row and Ko- 
dansha Internationa] published a 
1,008-page translation of a novel 
about the warrior called 
“Musashi," first published in Ja¬ 
pan in 1925. 

Of course, any meeting of East 
and West has its rough spots. “As 
a matter of fact," Gompertz said, 
“someone called me up and asked 
if Musasbi was available for ufik 
shows." 


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ally voted on the left, by a much 
more weD-to-do population ol 
b usinessmen, adver tisin g agen¬ 
cies, people who supported the 
policies of the right," commented 
Ghislaine Toutain, a new Na¬ 
tional Assembly member. “For 
years we have fought this policy 
through which Pans is losing its 
soul to become a city of offices, 
agencies and high-cost bousing." 
She said the Socialists will aim to 
provide the old buildings with 
modern sanitary facilities, while 
ke epin g rents low enough for 
their tenants to remain. 

Roe de Lappe still harbors nu¬ 
merous functioning smaD facto¬ 
ries inside the courtyards of its 
century-old buildings. This, add¬ 
ed to the precedent for protest 


set during the expulsions from 
the Marais and Les Halles, has 
also tended to brake the process 
of high-price renovation. Smoky 
old cafes hung with sausages and 
country ham still beckon ic 
passers-by from the days when 
the Auvergnais moved up from 
the highlands of central France, 
bringing their music with them, 
including an instrument evolved 
from a primitive bagpipe to a rel¬ 
ative cif today's accordion, the 
musette. The street, with its bars 
and beds musettes, lured a rowdy 
crew whose reputation for being 
fast with a knife earned them the 
name apaches. Today, from mid¬ 
afternoon to the wee hours, the 
same music filters from the doors 
of the Balajo dance hall — per 
haps the liveliest historic monu¬ 
ment in Paris. 

On Memory Lane 

“The people who come here 
now are mostly in search ol 
memories.” said the Balajo's 
owner, Robert Lagear, as the ac¬ 
cordion band compelled couples 
across the floor beneath what 
was once an avant-garde decor, a 
mirrored globe above spangling 
artifical stars across the celling. 
“There’s one couple, for exam¬ 
ple, who met here, fell in love 
and were married here. WdL 
they’re in their 70s now, and they 
still come dancing every Satur¬ 
day night” 

He will allow no pictures to be 
taken during the afternoon danc¬ 
ing hours. And as tango follows 
waltz and paso doble and the 
cmce-racy “java,” an aura of 
clandestine romance pervades 
red-walled interior. Young cou¬ 
ples with a taste for nostalgia 
drift past delighted old-timers 
still performing the ancient ritual 
with abandon. 

A few doors down the block, 
the Latin rhythm of the Cha- 
pefle’s late night salsa band locks 
a new generation of dancers into 
a similar swaying embrace remin¬ 
iscent of the days when it was 
chic to dance ’cheek-to-cheek. 
“The advantage of Rue de Lappe 
is that music has been here for a 
hundred years, so there’s no 
problem for a jazz dub,” said 
Fraissc. “The people who five 
here have been living here for 
years and years. It can never be¬ 
come stylish — it’s the anti- 
Marais!” 


By Hebe Dorsey 

litnnutttoaal henM Tribute 

N EW YORK — He got his first job at $16 a week during the Depres¬ 
sion, hanging fur coats in the basement of Bergdorf Goodman, 
where he ended up, smooth, alver-haired and an executive vice presi¬ 
dent. So one might think retirement would be welcome, but he rented 
workrooms in downtown Manhattan, got his furniture out of his Berg- 
dozf office, nailed a 150-year-old bronze knocker on the door and 
opened Leonard Haitian Fur Associates. 

“1 thought Fd get myself a little something to do,” he said. “In fact," 
I’ve never woricednarder in my life." 

One of the most knowledgeable fur expats in the United States, Han- 
kin last spring arranged with two designers, Fendi in Italy and Claude 
Montana in France, to duplicate part of their fur collections in New 
York. The result is a drop in price of 30 to 40 percent, with baric, bread- 
and-butter mink coats costing around $10,000. The Hunkm -made Fendi 
furs will be available only in the Americas, whereas the Montana line 
will be distributed worldwide. 

Although the Hanlon-made Fendi furs will seD for considerably less , 
than the rendi imports at Bergdorf s, it is no problem for the store that 
once employed him, Hanlon insisted. 

“We're still on very good terms," he said. In fact, the first Han kin- 
m ade Fendi furs will be on sale in New York exclusively at Bergdorf s,. 


Dawn Mello, Bergdorf s executive vice president and fashion director, 
agreed that there was no clash of interest. “We’re still bringing (he whole; 
Fendi line,” she said. “Besides, there is no problem because ixonard is 
concentrating on the more classic, conventional styles. His garments wifi, 
also be easier to re-order, which has not always been the case with the- 
Italian imports.” 

What Hankin carries should also give new customers a taste of Fendi 
furs without involving them in a fashion and financial adventure that, 
only a few women are ready to indulge in. 

"The Fendi customer exists,” Hankin said “The other one. we have to 
educate." Hankin, 64, is still veiy much a Bergdorf man. whose mission 
in life was to satisfy the needs of people with money. 

“With the Goodmans, the question never came up ‘How much was it 
going to be,* but *What is the best way to do it? " Haitian said 

He also feds that more and more chic boutiques that have never been 
into furs are getting interested “With the price of ready-to-wear, where a 
leather coat can cost $3,000, it’s a very small step to sell fur.” 

The Fendi furs at Bergdorf are often way out but they have found a 
niche in some of the world’s richest women’s closets. Despite the prices, 
which Mello said had almost doubled since last year, Fendi fur sales are 
up 30 percent compared with August, 1980. which explains why the 
store is going all out with a big charity Fendi show on 58tb Street today. 
Both Paola and Carla Fendi are expected to fly over from Europe as is 
the collection's designer. Karl Lagerfeld. 

You can also tell that although Hankin is no longer with Bergdorfs, 
he has remained part of the family. At Bergdorfs, Hankin l^ a ro^ d all 
there is to know about furs — and then some. “After six mmuhe in the 
storage department, Edwin Goodman brought me upstairs and told me 
to go buy myself a suit —; explaining what a suit was, jacket and pants — 
and even where to go for it After that, he madg me a salesman.” 

After the war, during which Hankin. who had studied Russian on his 
own, was stationed in Moscow, he returned. “Mr. Goodman had kept 
paying my salary throughout (he entire war, with no obligation, he said. 
He was a very, very clever man, ” he added wistfully. 


fired. Instead, be asked me to lunch, which was absolutely unheard of. 
Not one word was spoken during lunch, but after lunch, we had coffee 
and cigars — it was the first cigar I had in my fife. — Mr. Goodman' 
said: ’Leonard. I thought your memo was very interesting. You and. 
Andrew [his son] can do it all after 1 die.’ ” 


INTERNATIONAL EXECUTIVE OPPORTUNITIES 


3M Career Opportunity 

Market Development - IRAQ 

The Company: 

We are a U.S. based, well-known multinational, 
highly diversified Company, manufacturing and 
marketing a vast variety of well-known consumer 
and industrial products. 

The Job: 

Business development in Iraq. 

To strengthen existing business relations with key 
accounts and to seek out new opportunities with the 
ultimate aim ol increasing the Company’s market 
penetration for all major product lines. This function’ 
will report to the Company's head office for the 
Middle East in Brussels. 

Location: 

Initially Brussels, then Baghdad. 

Qualifications: 

A deep appreciation of modern marketing techniques 
is called for, along with a University Degree in 
business-related subjects, or, equivalent educational 
standard: 5-10 years professional experience in 
Sales and Marketing is also required, meaning that 
the ideal candidate should be in the region of 
30-40 years old. Fluency in English is essential, 
while knowledge Arabic wilt be considered an 
advantage. 

Remunerations/Benefits: 

We offer a competitive employment package includ¬ 
ing an attractive salary (depending on qualifications 
and experience). Incentive Plan, Life Insurance 
and Fringe Benefits. 

This position provides challenge, stimulus and high 
job satisfaction in a competitive environment with 
excellent prospects for growth with and within 
the Company. 

All applications will be dealt with in strict confidence 
and only candidates under serious consideration 
will be contacted. 

Please send your applications, including curriculum 
vitae, photograph and approximate salary expecta¬ 
tions to: 

Personnel Manager, 

3M Middle East SJL t 
Avenue Mamix-17, Bolte 2, 

1050 Brussels, Belgium. 



World’s largest independent control and inspection 
group, serving clients in over 140 countries, 
has an openting in its Geneva headquarters for: 


AUDITOR 


■W : li* 
£ 

i, : .v; 

* A'. 


Successful candidates, willing to do extensive 
travelling worldwide for long durations, should 
hove the following qualifications: 

• High School or University level; 

• Strong-willed personality, able to communi¬ 
cate both at Management level and with 
field executives and capable of analytical 
approach with condensed reporting ability,- 

• Thorough knowledge of accounting, finance 
and administration organization and experi¬ 
ence in internal or external auditing; 

• Several years experience as accountant or 
controller with exposure to accounting, 
finance, budgeting, organization and fiscal 
mattsrs; 

• Fluent in French and English; some knowl¬ 
edge of Spanish would be an asset; 

• Swiss citizen or holder of a valid working 
permit for Switzerland. 

If you are seeking a challenging opportunity, 
please forward application to: 

Sori6t6G6n6raie de Surveillance SA, Personnel 
Division, Place des Alpes 1, 1201 Geneva. 

ASSA 82-1593. 




SI 

Wi 37- 


How to answer 
Box Number Ads: 

All replies u> I.H.T. Paris box 
numbers published without com¬ 
plete address should be sent to: 

International Herald Tribune, 

181. Avenue Charles de Gaulle, 
92521 Neuilly Cede*, France, 

who viO forward. 


EXECUTIVES 

AVAILABLE 


—&ECTRONIC5 ENGINES— 

BSc.. Dutch, 42, sxperieneed in expert 
soles atedronlcs (ind. mifitaryj Hoi- 
bod, Genwiy, M. East, Fluent in Gor¬ 
man, EngGsh (Ait basic French. Pro*- 
entfy with int'l elec, group in S. Africa. 
Seeks naw export chaKenga, pref, 
Mediter ra nean/ Central Europe or 
USA. bused. WtfGng Is travel 
Box D Ij8l7# Int'l Herald Trim, 
92521 Ho u tey C» 4 r«. Tr ice . 


International 
Herald Tribune 
ads work 


One of the leading international firms in construction 
and public works is seeking a 

civil engineer 

for employment in PARIS 

The candidate must have a good knowledge of works 
contracts supplies and subcontractors. 

He will be required for bid analyses, elaboration of 
contracts and translation of technical documents from 
French into English. 

American mother tongue desired. 

Send resume, mentioning present salary and recent 
photo to : No 17769 COFAP 40, rue de Chabrol 
75010 PARIS, who will forward. 


Traducteur hf 

de langive maternelle anglaise 

Nous realisons acluellemenl de tres important chantiers de Travail Publics a I Eiranger el 
nous Qvons d’aufres projets de grande envergure. 

Nous a vans done besoin des services d'un Iraducieur ou d'une traducince de longue 
maternelle anglaise, maitrisant parfaitement ie lran<ais et cyont. si passible, des tonno>s- 
sonces en espagnol. 

Une formation technique de base ou une experience dans un mrheu technique est neces- 
saire. La faille el le developpement du Groups peimc-lteni d'envisager une inteiessanie 
evolution de corriere. 

Le posle est base en banlieue Sud-Quest de Par is 
Merer d'adresser votre candidature sous reference 5473 ^ 

m—mmmmmmKf Oiyorganisation et pubfcite 

l i aus aiaBEMGo 7&0D1 PAnismui trams, r 

















Page 6 


INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15* 1981 



SouthfThe facts 

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"Ha* 


A 




Role Is Diminished 


By Gillian Gunn 


tec was British tnrf.-BtLt'during the las., 
decade the nation has used Its. oil riches to 
. "(fiiwdfy'bcBaoess relations. The major xndus- 
;. ^ trTgl jiqwgra 1 have ■ vied- for lucrative contracts 
j and mvestmoits. and Britain, has lost much of 
*■- itfappealinibeiacecif such competition. 

: The British Austins and Rovers that used to 
- dog the streets of (agos have been replaced 
. by Pcogcots, Batsons and Voikswagens. 
; .ranch' trading companies are vigorously ex¬ 
panding and west German contractors are 
. bnBdmg the oation’s highways. Polish experts 
'• dredge ports while the Sonnet Union helps 
with the sted industry. U.S. firm* p ump the 
>- lofrind file Dutch nm the -natirmal amine . On 


with Nigeria, its largest after Japan. “It will be 
just as rad in 1981," the Commerce Depart- 
moit source said, “unless we do something 
spectacalai like seffing ten 747 aircraft.” The 
.Unrted States taws about SO percent of Niger¬ 
ia s ou, yet supplies only about 10 percent of 
its goods and services. 


jens, Brazilian companies have been called m 
to wink on the telephone system, and Indians 
are running the railways. 

According to a UJS. businessman, Nigeria 


..Area . 357,000 square miles 

Population ..... 85million (est) 

*'• ‘ Languages ............... English 

' (official), Hausa, Ibo, Yoruba, 
■ . * others 

] Currency ......A Naira = $1.60 

: Inflation rate (1979 ):..... 

..... 14 percent 

Membership, in international or¬ 
ganizations.. United 

Nations, Organization of Petro¬ 
leum Exporting Countries, Eco- 
■ nomic Community of West Afri¬ 
can States, Organization of Afri¬ 
can Unify Commonwealth of 
Nations, INTELSAT 


wants two things from foreign business: “It 
wants investor oommitmesit, with companies 
setting up local manufacturing operations 
rather than just seffing finished goodaAnd it’ 
wants substantive transfer of technology. It 
wants to acquire nitty-gritty industrial know¬ 
how so as to reduce dependence an foreign 
firms.** 1 be Nigerians also seek access to cred¬ 
it. -■ ■ :■■■ 

The British are still conaricnoos in Nigeria,' 
a relatively large share of small- and 
medium-size contracts, but the mnltmriHionr 
deflar deals go elsewhere. 

‘Hard Businessman* 

“The Nigerian is a hard businessman,” said - 
a spokesman for Britain’s Taylor Woodrow, 
“and the success of the French, West German 
and'Japanese has been because they know 
how to haggle. The'Nigerians would prefer to 
do business with the UJL, but first and fore¬ 
most they want a good deal/* 

• The British are aware that their gripaa Ni¬ 
geria is slipping, but they arc foptmg back 
(ally half-heartedly; Preadeat Afliaji Siehn 
Shagui was eathnsiasticany welcomed during 
his four-day visit to London in March, bat 
Britain declined a Nig erian invitation for its 
agriculture minister, Beta: Walker, to investi¬ 
gate op portun ities for British agribusiness 


Lagos apparently is equally anxious for UB. 
business. The Nigerians believe we can sup¬ 
ply state-of-the-art technology, and they want 
that very badly,” a U.S. diplomat in Lagos 
•said. 

A&teutenro 

The United States is maWng strides in the 
agribusiness field. “Nigerians have looked 
around the world and seal who has the most 
efficient food growing methods,*’ a Lagos- 
based agriculture expert said. The U-S. comes 
out on top.” The Jomt Agricultural Consulta¬ 
tive Committee — a group of more 50 
. Nigerian and U.S. agnbnsmess firms that was 

■ founded in 1980 during the visit, to T-a gre of 
Walter Mondale, then the UjS. vice-president 
—actively encourages joint ventures. In addi¬ 
tion, US. food exports to Nigeria stood at 
$324 minion last year and are rising. 

In the medium term, some cultural incom¬ 
patibilities between the two countries may di¬ 
minish. “Nigerians are finding that for the 
cost of educating 10 students in the UJC. they 
can educate 20 in the US,” Preadait Shagari 
said recently. There are 20,000 Nigerian stu¬ 
dents in the United States, only 5,000 fewer 
than in Britain. 

/ Contacts have also been strengthened by 
Nigeria’s adoption of a U.S.-style federal con¬ 
stitution. 

The gap left by fading British influence and 
the slow growth of US. business is being 
swiftly Sled by Continental Europeans. 
France, West Germany, the Netherlands and 
Italy can combine familiarity with African 
conditions with vigorous marketing teeb- 
- niquea. The Japanese also are interested in the 
• mar ket 

French business relations with Nigeria are 
growing paiticnlariy fast. “The Nigenans har- 
. nor a distrust of the French inherited from the 
Britishand exacerbated byFrench support for 
thcBiafran rebels in the 1967-1970 cml war,” 

. a Western diptonat in Lagos said, “but when 
. j£comes to making 'deals, the two nationalities 
can' besuiprisingly compatible.” 

"French 'exports to Nigeria, which consist 
primarily of .consumer and capital goods, in¬ 
creased 80 percent in 1980 to sli ghtly more 
than $1 bOhon. Nigeria has an almost $13- 
bfflion trade surplus with France because of 
large French oil imports. 

P rftninwtf Companies 

The most prommentrFrench companies are 
SCOA, a trading house, and Peugeot. Both 
companies’ successes are partly attributable to 
their positive response to Nigerian pressure to - 
manufacture locally. . . 

■ French contractors are also doing wdl. 


Is Rising on 
Ancient Site 


The Nigerian govemmait says that it would 
;• liketite'British to be more interested in hxvest- 
ing rather than in simple,trading. 

There are signs Britain’s long-standing 
cultural ties with Nigeria, which reinforce 
*. business relations, are disint eg rating . Britain’s 

- increased university fees for overseas students 
.] •?' that fewer Nigerian youths wfflgo there, 
»[ despite Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher’s 

- recent agreement to freeze fees for about ane- 
third of the Nigerian students. London’s Mgh 
prices are also making il lose coil to New York 

* and Paris as a shopping city for the Nigerian 
dim. 

Nevertheless, Nigeria remains Britain's 

• " - JOtb-largest market and its largest outside 
. Western Europe and the United States. Britain 
. accounts In- 40 percent of Nigeria's foreign 

investments and is the country*s largest sup- 
: pUer of goods and services, with more than 20 
; percent : of Jhe market Trade picked up by 29 
' 1 gricent in the fast two months of 1981, and 
; ■ Britain has a positive trade balance of about 
'A billion. 

Truck Plant 

' The British industrial showpiece is a $93- 
■\ million JLeyland Nigeria truck assembly plant 
.* at Ibadan. British companies arc sim involved 
\ ' in numerous other prefects, inducting a £178- 
'*: million water purification system ana a $17.8- 
■’ nnQiou telephone communications manage- 
'• went contract. British trading houses still 
-. douanaie the consigner goods sector. 

. The United States has sought to .pick np 
, where Britain has left: cfLbmmaay Amm- 
■ cans seem uncomfortable with Nigerian condi- 
J.'.tioos. “U.S.' business: mtorest'm; Ni^ria has 
' gqeased aharply in ibc last lew yeatSj” a U-3 l 
D epartment^ erf Canmerce-source said. ?*But; 
/ most; American b u si n e ss men <fon*t iaow- a ■ 
thing about the coantiy. They can find on a 

map bat that’saboutit" v 

:>t Am ericans areal«i worried by. the-cduntryV 
reputation for cqmytian aria have trouble, 

,.dealing with Niger ians, who complain 
U.SL businessmen are arrogant and condc- 
>..scendint -• ■. 

* . WaVkT.A... I. _T1 ip - J¬ 


r ; . Nigeria, for a verv gbod reason. In l^S0, the 
Urnted States hs4 fl.59.78-biIIioii trade defiat 


ful wooded plain that is bounded cm the 
north by ranges of granite hills. 

. The new aty of Abtqa will rise in an area 
(designated the Federal Capital Territory) 
that has been inhabited for centuries by the 
Gwari, hunters and fanners living in village 
communities separated by forest and savan¬ 
na. 

In the last two years, the plan around the 
market village has beat overrun by machin¬ 
ery and workers, who have already carved 
the basis for expressways, bridges mid thou¬ 
sands of buddings. Foreign workers have in¬ 
stalled themselves in camps dose to the site. 

. Access to what was previously a remote 
area has been made possible by a north- 
south highway from Kaduna to Lokoja. Ac¬ 
cess roads around the territory are being 
buill and the airport is nearly ready. 

The administration hopes that some of the 
federal government will be aide to move to 
Abtya by 1983. President Alhaji Sheba Sha- 
gari is hoping to be able to claim credit for 
what he describes as “a new cultural base 
winch is truly Nigerian in character, reflect¬ 
ing the federal nature of our society.” 

Race Against Time 

The Federal Capital Development Au¬ 
thority is in diaigeof the costly operation of 
constructing the dry. Based at the old town 
of Abuja, now re nam ed .Su fcj a, the FCDA’s 
offices are a hive of activity as officials, con¬ 
sultants and contractors race against time. 

On the site, the infrastructure is not yet 
sufficaentiy coordinated for the “pfonea Citi¬ 
zens.” It is hard to believe that some federal 
ministries expect to operate fully from Abu¬ 
ja by the beginning of the next presidential 

term in 1983, given the enormous .task of 
ins talling staff, ramifies, furniture and equip¬ 
ment. 

It is reasonable to assume that the prob¬ 
lems of coordinating work at Abuja will be 
less" intense once the .first hurdles of infras¬ 
tructure have been overcome.- Roads, power, 
water and telecommunications all have to be 
iu some stale of readiness before the presi¬ 
dential departments can move in begi n ning 
next year, accompanied,' it is said, by the 
’ Planning Ministry. 

‘ . The ambitious Japanese design for -the 
astral area will involve major expenditures. 
Vcuk'costing 1 bflfico naira', on four of the 
ffl flj of b nihfinff is to. be let out to foreign 

(Continued ou ^ge!4S) 


: 21 Years After Independence 

~ Slumping Oil Market Poses 
Challenge to the Economy 



RETURNING TO THE SOIL — President Sbagaii emphasizing the impor¬ 
tance of agriculture, takes up a shovel for some leisure-time gardening ar the 
State House in Lagos. Agriculture gets a top priority: See story inside 


helped by Paris’ willingness to back bids with 
credit In May, French banks agreed to loan 
Nigeria S533 milli on toward the $3.4-biflion 
Ajaokuta steel complex-These Jnans are dear¬ 
ly connected with Nigeria’s decision to employ 
two French construction companies, Foug- 
eroDe Construction and Dmnez, in the plant 
contract 

West Germans are also strong. Julius Bager 
was virtually unknown in Nigeria 10 years 
agpl but today, with a turnover of almost SI.8 
million a day. it is the leading foreign con¬ 
struction firm. Strabag is also prominent. The 
West German banks and government institu¬ 
tions provide generous credit and firms such 
as Mercedes-Benz are leaders in the develop¬ 
ment of the motor industry. 

The Netherlands made a (dace for itself 
when KLM took over the running of Nigeria 


Airways in 1979. In March, the Dutch con¬ 
tractor Royal Harbourworks won 80 percent 
of a $263-nriHion contract to build three ship 
repair yards. 

Although Italy’s trade with Nigeria is small, 
the Italian construction firms have carved out 
a niche for themselves. Montedison is involved 
in chemical plant construction while Danidli 
and Butrio are supplying technical expertise 
for the steel industry. Lmpresit is exploring 
possibilities for agriculture-related construc¬ 
tion. 

Japanese Competition 

The West faces stiff competition from Ja¬ 
pan, despite Japanese unfammaiity with Afri¬ 
ca and language problems. Nigerian subsidiar¬ 
ies of Japanese car and motorcycle manufac- 

(Continued on Page 8S) 


By Richard Synge 

tf’pVERYTHING depends on oil,” said a 

JZv Nigerian merchant banker surveying 
the state of the economy. “And the key is that 
we should decide the right price for our oiL” 

With ofl providing more than 80 percent of 
the federal government's revenue, production 
cannot be turned off for long without a chain 
of problems. Nigeria’s current production 
slump, a result of the worldwide recession and 
ofl surplus, has led to a large balance-of-pay- 
ments deficit this year, and there are signs of a 
spending squeeze. National projects have had 
to be delayed, there has been uncertainty 
about the ambitious 1981-1985 development 
plan and. at the more basic level, state govern¬ 
ments are running short of cash. 

Attention has been sharply focused by re¬ 
cent events on the need for a strong and 
coherent oil policy. The board of the Nigerian 
National Petroleum Corp. normally handles 
this, but between 1980 and this August the 
NNPC had no board and only an acting man¬ 
aging director. 

A scandal last year involving temporarily 
missing funds led to the dissolution of the 
board. “The scandal shook confidence and 
caused an incredible delay. The office of the 
president's energy adviser has been burdened 
with the responsibility,” said a highly placed 
source in Lagos. 

New Board 

The new NNPC board was finally sworn in 
by President Alhaji Shehu Shagari on Aug. 6, 
mth Horatio Ageaah as chairman and Law¬ 
rence Amu as manag ing director. Their mis¬ 
sion is to review the functioning of the NNPC 
and to ensure a meticulous accounting system 
to avoid a repetition of the scandal, which 
arose from an auditor’s difficulty in following 
earlier accounting procedures. 

Yahaya Dikko has been the presidential 
adviser on energy for die last two years and it 
appears that he will continue to represent the 
country at OPEC negotiations, at which he has 
become recognized as a forceful figure, ac¬ 
cording to Western diplomats. 

FeeBag the Pinch 

By joining the OPEC hard-liners, Nigeria 
was affected by the Saudi Arabian policy of 
holding prices down and stepping up produc¬ 
tion. Nigeria was further affected by non- 
OPEC competition from Britain and Mexico. 

Nigeria at first accused Western ofl compa¬ 
nies, governments and the media of fabricat¬ 
ing a “so-called ofl glut,” but as the effects 
began to be fell, commentators switched the 
emphasis of their criticism toward Saudi Ara¬ 
bia — winch has even been called “an enemy 
in OPECs ranks” in a government-controlled 
newspaper. 

As a highly populated country highly de¬ 
pendent mi «L Nigeria has been feeling the 
pinch of reduced earnings sooner than its Afri¬ 
can colleagues in OPEC. It has had to face up 




TAKING SHAPE — Construction of the new capital is under way in an area of striking natural beauty. 



■■■ 


■’ J % * 



With oil providing more than 
80 percent of the federal 
government's revenue , 
production cannot be turned 
off for long without a chain 
of problems ... Officials are 
acutely aware that 
investment in gas 9 which is 
now being burned off as 
waste from oil production, 
must start now... 


to the possibility of a much restricted ofl pro¬ 
duction horizon. While its development plan 
outline, published as recently as January, 
1981, envisaged steady production of 2 million 
barrels a day until 1985, production had al¬ 
ready slumped by July to 825,000 barrels a 
day as buyers went elsewhere. 

After the failure of the emergency OPEC 
meeting in August in Geneva to bring prices 
within a narrower spread than the existing 
$32-540 range, Nigeria on Aug. 26 announced 
a discount of $4 on its official price of $40 a 
barrel. The government said that the official 
price would remain at $40, however, until the 
OPEC meeting next December in Abu Dhabi, 
when Nigeria hopes that price unification will 
be possible. 

In a bid to retain customers who have cur¬ 
tailed or suspended their purchases of Nigeri¬ 
an oil, the government has started with 
the major oil companies on pricing and pro¬ 
duction strategy for the fourth quarter of the 
year. 

Nigeria is still hopeful that the market will 
revive, but is concerned to remain a “responsi¬ 
ble'' member of OPEC, observers noted. This 
would explain why it chose a discount rather 
than a formal price cuL 
Ofl companies represented in Lagos believe 
that the output levels anticipated in Nigeria’s 
development plan are no longer realistic. Some 
fed that the market for Nigerian crude has 
dropped sig n ifica n tly, although the product is 
still valued for its remarkable sulfur-free light 
properties. 

New Investment 

Six months ago, the foreign companies were 
drawing up plans with their common partner, 
the NNPC. for major new investment in. the 
oil fields that would have brought production 
capacity close to 2.8 million barrels a day, 
with Shell/NNPC alone due to account for 
half that amount. Gulf/NNPC’s capacity as 
the second-largest producer was to rise to 
500,000 barrels a day by 1984. 

By July, however. Shell/NNPC had cut 
back drastically to little more than 
Gulf/NNPCs actual level of 235,000 barrels. 
It was in these changed conditions that the 
companies talked of the total production out¬ 
look for the next decade being no higher than 
1.5 million barrels a day, although Nigerian 
officials cannot accept such a low figure. 

The oil field investment plans bad, until the 
glut, been quite substantial, with Shell/NNPC 
expecting to spend $300 million in 1981 and 
Gulf/NNPC a further $250 million by the end 
of the year. This spending is now highly un¬ 
likely. 

The NNPC. as the major source of invest¬ 
ment in Nigeria’s energy output, is now ex¬ 
pected lo put its weight behind the export 
project that is expected to pay Nigeria’s way 
into tbe 21st century, liquefied natural gas 
(LNG). 

Flared Gas 

A growing embarrassment to Nigeria as bell 
as to the companies lias been the phenomenal 
amount of gas that is flared at the oil fields. In 
the Escravos complex, in Bendel Stale, is is 
estimated that the buxned-off gas in that area 
alone could supply in one hour what Britain 
consumes each day. 

All the gas at present bong flared has come 
up with the oil, and it has not been necessary 
to explore for gas. Experts predict that Nigeria 
is silling on about 200 trillion cubic feet of 
.gas. 

Officials are acutely aware that investment 
in gas must start now, while oil funds are still 
available. “Gas exports are the key to the late 
1980s and the 1990s,” an official said. 

Nigeria has lost a year in ihe preparations 
for its first major gas ineport project, known as 
Bonny LNG. because of uncertainty about the 
advantages and a wariness about borrowing 
heavily for a project that will cost about $12 
billion to $14 billion before it can start up. 
Authoritative sources now expect that con¬ 
struction of the Bonny LNG plant can start in 
1983. This would lead to first exports in 1987 
and full output by 1988. 

The technical planning for Bonny LNG has 
been completed, and a steady market is as¬ 
sured among eight European customers, prin¬ 
cipally France and West Germany. If the four 
interested U-S, customers are prevented by 
government legislation from taking their 50- 
perceai share, Ihe Europeans have pledged to 
buy the extra. 

Complex Project 

The project's complexity is fully apparent to 
the U.S. management team supplied by Phil¬ 
lips Petroleum Management Services. Much of 
the $ 5-billion condensing plant will have to be 
assembled abroad and brought in on skids. On 
the site, which is remote and not served by 
road or rail, the labor force during construc- 

(Cou tiaued on Page 12S) 



























: Diversity 
lEvolves in 
: Dealings 

y (Continued from Page 7S) 
.-tuners are rapidly expanding, and 
• m 1980 Nigeria was Mack Africa's 
largest importer of Japanese vehi- 
' clcs. Honda motorcycles are being 
assembled in Ogun state, Yamaha 
is expected to start production lat¬ 
er this year and Nissan's sales in¬ 
creased fourfold in 1980. 

While the Nigerians prefer to 
. deal with fellow capitalists, the So¬ 
viet Union gainer! an entry in the 
market during the cavil war when it 
supplied the federal forces with 
arms that the West withheld. 

The Soviet Union has been 
heavily involved in the Ajaokuta 
steel complex and several chemical 
plants, while Poland is active in 
maritime work, particularly fishing 
trawlers and shipyards. Czechoslo¬ 
vakia supplies a variety of engi¬ 
neering inputs and Hungary seUs 
agricultural and health-related 
products. 

In general, the Comecon coun¬ 
tries undercut Western prices in 
the hope of developing long-term 
trade relationships. But Comecon 
trade has not taken off because Ni¬ 
geria believes that the East is sup¬ 
plying outdated, secondhand tech¬ 
nology acquired from the West 
And the Eastern bloc has difficulty 
in establishing Nigerian business 
contacts became centrally planned 
economies prefer to deal with gov¬ 
ernment organizations and this is 
not always possible in Nigeria. 

The one Comecon country with 
which trade is growing significant¬ 
ly is Cuba. In March, the two 
countries signed an agreement to 
strengthen cultural, economic and 
scientific ties. Since then, Cuba has 



The Oil Question Seen Nurturing Uncertainty 


By Richard Synge 
J IKE most nations, Nigeria is 


gamp 


become a technical partner in the 
$S88-miDion Sunti sugar project. 
Nigeria senses that Cuba's experi¬ 
ences, as a developing country it¬ 
self, may be particularly useful 

Enthusiasm for technology al¬ 
ready adapted to Third World con¬ 
ditions also underlies growing 
business contacts with Brazil and 

India 

Phone System 

In 1975, four Brazilian firms 
were invited to repair and expand 
Nigeria's telephone system; 
had just overhauled Brazil's 
ly chaotic network. More linns 
have arrived, and Brazil's exports 


to Nigeria jumped 164 percent in 
1980. Brazilians are particularly 
active in water engineering and 
construction. “AH our technical 
people have worked in similar soil 
and ribnaff conditions at home," 
said a spokesman far a major Bra¬ 
zilian concern, Hidroservices. 

Because of the nimilarities be¬ 
tween Br azilian and Nigerian con¬ 
ditions, West Germany’s Volks¬ 
wagen decided to supply its Niger¬ 
ian assembly plant with parts from 
VWs Brazilian subsidiary. “The 
West German parts couldn't cope 
with Nigerian conditions," a com¬ 
pany spokesman said. “The Brazi¬ 


lian lots have sturdier suspensions 
and hig her gro und H ea pmr* " 

The most recent example of co¬ 
operation is Nigeria’s request that 
Brazilian firms advise the govern¬ 
ment an how to move its bureauc¬ 
racy from Lagos to the new federal 
capital at Abuja. “We went 
through the same thing 20 years 
ago when we moved our capital to 
Brasilia," a Brazilian businessman 
said. 

India has been, equally visible; 
for example, Rail India Technical 
and Economic Services has been 
running Nigeria’s railways since 
1979. 


domestic and 
culties linked to the 
world recession and a rapidly 
changing International situation. 

The most populated country in 
black Africa has recently under¬ 
gone a period of uncertainty re¬ 
sulting from its overdependence on 
oil exports, its need to retain a 
strong African-oriented foreign 
policy in the face of U.S. President 
Reagan's conciliatory gestures 
toward Smith Africa and its search 
for a durable political system. 

While such uncertainties are not 
new, there has an 
concentration of pre ssur es for the 
last few months cm the 2-year-old 
government of President Alhaji 
Shchu Shagsri, just as h was begin¬ 
ning to look toward its re-election 
prospects in 1983. The govern¬ 
ment’s reactions to its problems in- 
careaangLy have to be seen in the 
tight of the next rieerinrm. . 

A decline in government reve¬ 
nues resulting from a slump in oil 
sales since April is expected to 
have repercussions fox government 
expenditures well into 1982, when 
the elections wiD be even more of 
an issue than they are now. 

There has already been a disrate 
between the federal g o ver nm ent 
and those state governments not 
controlled by the ruling National 
Party of Nigeria about the quanti¬ 
ty' of federal revenue to be 
available to the •date* This di< pnt<» 
will inevitably intensify with the fi¬ 
nancial stringency forecast in die 
coming months. The 19 state gov¬ 
ernments arc almost exclusively 
dependent on federal money for 
titeii recurrent and development 
expenditure programs, and thereby 
for their own electoral chances. 

The breakup last July of the 
NPN’s governing accord with 
Nnamdi AzOtiwe's Nigerian Peo- 


COMMENTARY 


has increased the 
ruling party to d 


us hit 
the 
on 
tries. 

acquired 


pie's 
sure on 
what it has 

The worldwide oil 
Nigeria more severe! 
other members of the 
of Petroleum 
In the years since O', 
clout in world affairs, the wealth 
from oil exports has not been able 
to transform Nigeria into a rich 
country in per capita terms. The 
present £1 actuations in export re¬ 
ceipts do not give rise to hopes of 
great wealth m the near future.' 
cnl company managers in 
thinir that Nigeria has 
readied its plateau in 


The economic 
recovery noted in 
1980 was too brief to 
restore any 
equilibrium... 


tion and that exports will A-rhne 
as domestic consumption rinw; 

The uncertain pattern of growth 
during the next decade is uncom¬ 
fortable for a country whose gov¬ 
ernment and business managers 
have ambitious growth targets.'for 
the second time in three years, the 
fragility of Nigeria’s trading posi¬ 
tion has been demonstrated by 

faltering oil earning s. 

The economic recovery noted in 
1980 was too brief to allow Nigeria 
to achieve any equilibrium in its 


development. It did, however, lead 
to the nation's most comprehen¬ 
sive development plan yet — for 
the years 1981-1985 — winch for 
the first time accords priority to 
agriculture and rural investment 
Since the current administration 
will be judged partly on the plan, it 
focuses on projects that the NPN 
has adopted as its own —primari¬ 
ly the new federal capital at Abuja 
and the steel complex at Ajaokuta. 

By stressing agriculture rather 
than some of the glaring problems 
of urban unemployment and 
deprivation, tire plan aims to halt 
the drift to the cities at the source. 
"There will be no need for anyone 
to leave their village and struggle 
to get to urban areas once they 
have the necessary amenities in 
their own areas," said National 
Minister Adenike Ebun 


Nation’s New Constitution Reduces Arbitrary Powers of the State Governments 


Bv Jimoh Gbadamosi 

I N THE PAST, one of the rea¬ 
sons for instability in Nigeria 
was the arbitrary use of powers by 
some governments within the fed¬ 
eration. Such abuses have been re¬ 
duced by the new constitution, 
which has vested powers in the 
president, the legislature, the judi¬ 
ciary and the people. 

Under the system, introduced 
with the 1979 elections, the presi¬ 
dent is the head of the ruling ad¬ 
ministration. The political re¬ 
sources available to him are var¬ 
ied; some are constitutional pow¬ 


ers, while others remit from (he 
development of presidential re¬ 
sponsibilities. 

Broadly, be has considerable 
power to make appointments. By 
the selection of key administrative 
personnel, he can exert significant 

influence over government policy Similarly, the executive powers 
in every area. Many appointments °f 
are subject to the advice and ap- 


Under the new constitution, the 
executive powers vested in the 
president are subject to the provi¬ 
sions of any law by the Na¬ 
tional Assembly. 


State Government 


proval of the Senate, however, and 
President Alhaji Shebu Shagari has 
always ensured that his political 
and nonpolitical appointments re¬ 
flect the federal character of the 
country — meaning that they are 
equitably distributed. 


a state are vested in its gover¬ 
nor. Subject to laws passed by the 
stare’s House of Assembly, they 
may be exercised by the governor 
directly or through the deputy gov¬ 
ernor and commmissioneis of the 
stale government or officers in the 
public service of the state: The 
constitution also says that state ex¬ 


ecutive powers shall not be ex¬ 
ercised to impede the federal exec¬ 
utive powers. 

The National Assembly also 
generally has far greater powers 
than the state assemblies, as Us 
laws generally supersede state leg¬ 
islation. 

Judicial powers are vested in 
courts established far the federa¬ 
tion and for the states. The Feder¬ 
al Supreme Court is the highest 
court of appeaL 

The governor of a state can be 
impeached by the state House of 
Assembly if be is found gmffy of 


gross misconduct The recent 
rmpeachmaat of Alhaji Balarabe 
Musa, then the governor of Kadu- 
na state, showed bow powerful a 
stare legislature can be in relation 
to the stare executive. Gross 
misco nduct is defined in the con¬ 
stitution as a grave violation or 
breach of the provisions of die 
constitution or as whateva* the leg¬ 
islative deems it to be. 

Constitutional Problems 

The Nigerian presidential sys¬ 
tem has had some constitutional 
probtems sinceiis inception: Many 


were political issues that were 
turned into judicial ones, especial¬ 
ly by politicians, state governors 
and some individuals seekingjusti- 
fication, clarific ation or redress 
from the courts. 

The first major amendment was 
that of September. 1979, when the 
electoral coflegrc system was abol¬ 
ished and replaced by a popular 
election in tire event of an incon¬ 
clusive presidential or gubernatori¬ 
al election. It was felt that the re¬ 
tention of an electoral college was 
bound .to create political upheaval 
and lead to corruption. 


The government wants to intro¬ 
duce rice farming, with the use of 
modern technology — it favors 
U.S. firms for that technology. It 
also hopes to attract big foreign 
investors into agriculture. 

There is a race to inject “devel¬ 
opment" in Nigeria by means of 
conspicuous spending. This pro¬ 
cess is mirrored by the rapid 
growth of the political parties and 
power centers during the last two 
years. 

As the financial difficulties at 
the early stage of the plan have re¬ 
stricted the Shagari ariiwnin hn. 
cion’s distribution of largesse, the 
four other political parties have 
been feeling increasingly shut out 
of the process of government and 
development. The loudest of the 
critics. Chief Obafemi Awoiowo's 
Unity Party of Nigeria, has been 
joined by the NPP, whose accord 
with the NFN was broken in July. 

The minority parties are too 
small individually to pose & threat 
to the smooth functioning of the 
federal gov ernment, but disruption 
at rite state level is posable — as 
illustrated by the stalemate in Ra¬ 
ti ana between the NPN House of 
Assembly and the People’s 
Redemption Party governor, which 
has prevented the formation of a 
state aitiiri nixtrati on for two years. 

The NPN’s apparem willingness 
to search far consensus solutions 
came to an end with the culmina¬ 
tion of the Kaduna affair in Jane, 
when Gov. Alhaji Balarabe Musa 
was impeached by the House of 
Assembly- The NPN was accused 
by the other parties of persecuting 


the governor, and the NPP gave six 
months notice of wanting to end or t 
renegotiate its accord. The NPN ; 
immediately scrapped the agree¬ 
ment. 

After the break, the NPP lost - 
control of several federal minis- . 
tries but the political atmosphere ■ 
was not immediately disturbed, as . 
Chief Awolowo had predicted it 
would be. 

Limited Influence ■* 

The NPN has the resources to : 
spread its activities nationally in a - 

way that no other party can match, 
and the opposition parties' only 
chance of success at the polls in 
1983 is through mergers or a coali¬ 
tion. The st rong est of them, the 
UPN, is limited m influence to the 
four Yoruba states around Lagos 
and Ibadan and has a tenuous 
bold on Bendel state. 

The NPP has only, three states, 
the Ibo heartland of Anambra-Imo 
and Plateau state in the north, and 
the remaining two parties are lo-, 
calized in northern states and are ■ 
both beset try leadership disputes, i 
The PRP ana the Greater Nigeria;: 
People's Party would, however, 
represent vital elements in any fir- - 
ture attempts at coalition. 

Kano state's PRP governor, 

Alhaji Mohammad Ah nhalr* Rimi. \ 
has been the most pr omin ent voice j 
in ftatlmfi for an opposition alii- ■>. 
ance, but ft is a widely held view' 
that the NPP at least would not...] 
respond to such overtures. f -J 

Nigerians are dearly not suffi-._: 
a entry accustomed to the four- 
year presidential system to be . 
thinking en masse of the next elec¬ 
tions, but the political leaderships 1 - 
at least are quietly planning their. . 
strategies. 

The NPN is confident of a more 
decisive vote in 1983 than in 1979 - 
because of its pre-eminence as a 
“nationally based" party and be- ... 
cause the divisions within the PRP 
and GNPP and the geographical 
handicaps besetting the UPN and ■ 
NPP make a coalition still seem re- ' 
mote. 

Problems will arise if the new 
constitution proves inadequate in 
guaranteeing political freedoms or 
becomes inflex ible to changing po¬ 
litical realities. Financial difficul¬ 
ties have to be handled with more 
delicacy under civilian than 
military rule. 

Government spokesmen have re¬ 
cently described the economic situ¬ 
ation as buoyant. Steering the 
country through the next few 
months will, however, be a consid¬ 
erable challeng e- If it can still 
claim buoyancy a year from now, 
its chances of victory in 1983 will 
be considerable. >. ? f 


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&en noD revenue shortfalls fora 
planners to trim the plan, aericid- 
tnre s hould keep its dam on gov- 
«nneot resources. It is to receive 
13 percent of total plan expeadj- 
tore — currently set at 82 feffioh 
naira-- against the 6J5 percent it 
was allocated in the previous plan, 
ine government hopes to push ag- 
“autural production growth to 4 
P«cent dining the plan period and 

S-iaS^'“ food 

-UnHce past programs, the new. 
"vneen KevaLntion” strategy ao- 
toowtadges the cradal rale Saved 
by snail landholders, whose two- 


to three-hectare farms produce 97 
paroait of the agricultural output. 

A key factor js the Agricultural 
Devdopmeat Prefects (ADP) prt >- 

S Introduced by the Wbdd 
ra an experimental basis, pi¬ 
lot ADPs substantially increa sffd 
the yields of small farms, and the 
Pfogpon is to be expanded. .“Ibe 
ADPpropanr is one of thefew ag- 


j^TEBWA-noiVAL herald tribune. September, mi 


Page9S 






>: *s »df-sufficieat in food, 

\ : t TOth.a modest snphis of co- 
j-.Doe, j>ahn oil, peanuts and rubber 
S ** «POrt, Nageria now imports 
~-^-,.rnore than I bflKon naira woath of 
y .- food annually, a tenfold increase 
jrg 1 10 years. At more than 2,5 mii 
r = > sBo ° s P«-year, food imports 

'*=■ rjaocwratjor about anofifthofthe 
7 7 import ML 

In die short tarn, the si torn on 
d*®** 8 ^ Agricultural 
->v production growth is only l na- 
c- emt a year whilepopulation nses 
■ ~3^percent to 4pe nswm . 

z :v ‘" ‘™ cause of the agricul- 
^ L final cctflapse is the euphoria 
i ; brought by oil. Farms have been 
. ^abandoned . as young men and 
, , women go to the dries in search of 
^ jobsm offices that have sprang no 
; . ; £ 7 on the strength of the afltxxmL 
Tfe average, age of an Agricultural - 
.worker is now 40 and nsing. The 
nmi population has declined from 

* r ‘ ■ JESSP * 111 total population 

. m 1960 to 56 percmt in SB. ' 

- , As ofl brought in maney. the an- 

. . - thonties neglected agriculture. 

public pending on rural far 
; . cuittes and poariypianned agricul- 
' 5 ^“ P 10 ® 8 ™* accelerated the de- 
dine in food and cash crop pro- 

• ductioiL What Mgeria did not 
grow, the authorities assumed , it 
could buywithoil jrrennes.- 

But the government is now fear- 


atApapapon ; Lagos. 

Agriculture 


fid of the' „ 

Oil reserves will probacy last 20 
years at bept and, m the mean time. 
food imports threaten the balance 

Aru^^ e ^^ Vnder President 
Alhaji Shefan Shagari, the govexn- 
has moved to reverse the 
, , _ prod oc uon. 

The 1981-1985 develop men t 


pcultnre-schemes that has-ever 
woriced in Nigeria," said a Worid 
Bank spokesman in Lagos. 

ADPs -are essentially networks 
of snpport^ervices organized from 
centra l Fann Service Centers, 
which provide farm inputs (f ertDiz- 
as, chemicals, seeds and madrin- 
*riO» training in improved meth¬ 
ods, outfit, marketing facilities 
and_other extension services. An 
ADP project can also include the 
“instruction of rural roads and ir- 
ripxioa facilities, and price subsi¬ 
dies on materials. 

The government would like to 
extend the ADPs to the entire 
ootmtiy tat the. cost is prohibrtiveL 
Instead.thepaot ADPs wfllbeex- 

pafitittl in' the seven states that 
participated in the original experi- 
reeaL- Kaduna, Sokoto, Bauchi, 
Benn^ Plateau, Kwara and Niger. 
Other states wfll. receive scdS- 
down ADPs called Accelerated 
Development Area programs 
(ADAj). These will indude many 
core dements of the ADPs, sudi as 
basic extension services, help with 
mpot distribution and rural ?eeder 
roads. When money is availaWe, 
riw ADAs wfll be upgraded to fan 
■ADPs. - 

The - ADP-ADA pro giam will 
costZlhiffionnaira from1981 to 
1985- The federal royemment wfll 
meet about onenKfli of the MI, 


Harvesters and plans ^ among ihc fvm equipment on display zt Kaduna agrictmnU fair. 

Priority as Oil Euphoria Fades 

he balance orovidn! hv til— nnwam mHI k. -_-_, i - — _ 


ywth the balance provided by the 
individual states and Worid T^ir 
loans. 

«®not ignored. All farmers are to 
receive subsidized fertilizer. If cur- 
«nt subsidy policies continue, the 
government's fertilizer bin by 1990 
win equal nearly one-quarter of the 
jmohe expenditure for agriculture. 

Road Network 
The development plan 
Provisions for improving the een- 
onl rural road netwoik/Less San 
10 percent of the rural feeder roads 

provioushr built by the government 
have an-weather surfaces, and 
many roads wash out in the rainy 
seasom Nigeria has less than 4 pe£ 

cent of the advised minimum mile¬ 
age of all-weather roads at present, 
oat the government hopes to in- 
crease thefigore to about 50 per¬ 
cent by 1985at a cost of 700 S- 
hon naira. Efforts will be concen¬ 
trated on the most productive agri¬ 
cultural areas. ^ 

The other main rural infrastruc- 
tnre wrakness, poor water supply, 
is also dealt with outside theADP- 
ADA programs. Facilities to irri¬ 
gate 1.4 million hectares are 
planned, while 1,500 bore holes are 
to be drilled. .. "/ 

The 900-m2lion;naira irrigation 


program wfll be supervised by Ni¬ 
geria s 11 River Basin Authorities 
- federally funded organizations 
with responsibiliiy for developing 
resources in the major river val¬ 
leys. They also provide some ex¬ 
tension, input supply and market¬ 
ing services to fanners within their 
boundaries. 

Efforts are being made to im¬ 
prove producer prices. Low returns 
m the past have caused fanners to 
snuggle produce into surrounding 
Francophone countries, where 
Jey are paid in CFA (for African 
F ranco phone Community) francs, 
a hard currency. Immodiafidv after 
taking office. President Shagari 
raised prices for the cash crops 
^it by the government’s com¬ 
ity boards ^administered by 


—- j lyiiiuiuuincu uy 

the central bank), but a compre- 
nensive price policy has yet to 
evolve. 

OufitResene 

Finally, apart from the special 
credit facilities in the ADP-ADA 
program, the government is im¬ 
proving credit nationwide. Com¬ 
mercial banks have been instructed 
to reserve 8 percent of their loan 
money for agriculture, up from the 
6 -percent requirement In addi¬ 
tion, banks are being forced to 
open brandies in ruM-areas, and 


1 j?— lti ye Bank is to have its 
lending fund substantially in¬ 
creased. 

A credit problem remains, nev- 
ertheless, because small producers 
luive no collateral, and most loans 
therefore go to large producers. 
The Agricultural Credit Guarantee 
Scheme, intended to protect banks 
against unsecured loan defaults, 
rovers only 75 percent. Banks 
■want 100 -percent coverage. 

While the plan focuses on the 
small holder, the government is 
also anxious to encourage large- 
scale production. Unlike in the 
past, the role of private en- 
trepreneurs will be emphasized, 
and increased incentives are being 
“vised to attract investors. 

In an attempt to entice foreign 
companies to bring in agribusiness 
technology and capital, the govern- 
metn earlier this year raised the 
foreign equity limit on agribusi¬ 
ness investments from 40 percent 
to 60 percent 

Consofidatioii 

In answer to potential investors’ 
complaints that it is virtually im¬ 
possible to obtain clear title to 
laige tracts of land, the govern- 
. ment has stepped in with a land 
consolidation scheme. Previously, 
^investors found that negotiations 
with small holders took an inordi- 




Yams, among staple crops, 

nate amount of time, and often rel¬ 
atives of former rerid eats would 
turn up years later claiming title, 
as the land was originally held on a 
communal tribal basis. The title 
problem is particularly acute in the 
south. Under the new proposal, 
the government will negotiate 
loses in many cases, contributing 
the land as its share of a joint ven¬ 
ture with the interested investor. 

Finally, the government recently 
announced that ‘it will contribute 
to the cost of land clearance, which 
can run from 500 to 1,000 naira 
per hectare. 

The investment incentives are 
slowly paying off. In June, Bea¬ 
trice Foods of the United States 
announced plans to invest SI50 
million in an 80,000-acre tomato 
growing and processing operation 
in Plateau state, and many other 
companies are exploring invest¬ 
ment possibilities. 

Nigeria is clearly addressing its 


are offered at the market in Agbor. 

agriculture problem with renewed 
vigor, and some improvements ran 
be expected during the next five 
years. But an important issue re¬ 
mains. 

If the present domestic produc¬ 
tion policy continues, it will in¬ 
crease food prices for consumers 
— high production costs main* lo¬ 
cal supplies much more expensive 
than the imported equivalents. If 
local production takes off, as the 
government hopes, and if local 
produce is pro leered by import tar¬ 
iffs, as is nkely, the consumer will 
lose oul The government may 
then face pobticaTpressure to read¬ 
mit the cheap imports, which will 
undercut the local producer, forc¬ 
ing him to sell at an uneconomical 
pnee. In such circumstances, in¬ 
centives for both the large and 
small producer will decrease, and 
production could wefl stagnate 
again. 

— GILLIAN GUNN 


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We set the pace... 






























Page 10S 


INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, SEPTEMBER, 1981 



Railroads and Highways Are Expanding 


R AILWAY construction was 
. begun in Nigeria in 1898 — 
when there were no good roads ex¬ 
cept those within townships — to 
develop agriculture and mining for 
export and to facilitate govern¬ 
ment administration. 

When the main line was com¬ 
pleted in 1927, it formed the back¬ 
bone of the railway system for 
more than 30 years. Except for the 
boHding of feeder branch lines in 
the 1930s, no major construction 
cook place until 1959, when the 
398-mile Kuni-Maiduguri exten¬ 
sion in the north was begun with 
the help of a World Bank loan and 
local Financial resources. When 
this project was completed in 19d5, 
the rich northeastern area was at 
last linked with the rest of the 
country. 

The railway system, which now 
totals 2,180 miles, is run by the Ni¬ 
gerian Railway Corp., a statutory 
Body that took over the assets and 



iSISt'iD* 


liabilities of the Government Rail¬ 
way Department in October, 1955. 

The railway is predominantly a 
long-distance carrier of freight, 
passengers and imports. The main 
line ran handle 24 trains a day in 
p ch direction on the Kano-Kadu- 
na-Minna Section, 20 on the MLo- 
ua-Lagos and 18 on the Kaduna- 

Kafanchan-Port Harconn section. 

Major Employer 

The railway is reportedly the 
largest employer in Nigeria, with a 
labor force of more than 28,000. 

The federal government has ap¬ 
proved the conversion of the rail¬ 
way system from its 1,067-miHiine- 
ter gauge to the standard gauge of 
1,433 millim eters. The first phase 
of this construction is expected to 
start from Port Harcourt to Ma- 
kurdi and Oturkpo to Ajaolcnxa, a 
total dist?n«» of about 430 miles. 

The earnings of the Railway 
Corp. are expected to be about 80 


million naira this year, a consider¬ 
able improvement fra- which Rail¬ 
way India Technical Services — 
the team invited by the former mil¬ 
itary government to take over the 
management of the railway in 1979 
— can take credit In 1978, before 
the Indian team came, the coxpora- 
tion reportedly earned only 30 mil¬ 
lion naira. 

The railway believes that pas¬ 
senger traffic will reach a target 
figure of 12 milli on this year anda 
record of 18 million by 1983. 

About 3,000 Nigerians have had 
on-the-job training in various tech¬ 
nical divisions of the corporation, 
while 300 have been sent overseas 
for training and win have returned 
Lo Nigeria by next year. 

Road System 

The first trunk road in the 
hinterland was constructed in 
1903. Rough roads were no doubt 
in existence in Lagos and other 


parts of the country at the begin¬ 
ning of the 20th century. The main 
purpose of early road construction 
was to facilitate, the movement of 
agricultural products to the ports 
for exporting and the transporta¬ 
tion of manufactured matmaU 
from the pons to the townships. 

The read system has expanded 
tremendously. In 1977, it mea¬ 
sured about 70,000 miles, and the 
government has been undertaking 
a major construction program. The 
highways account for about 70 
percent of the movements of goods 
and persons arid axe the dominant 
mode of transportation. 

Over the years, successive gov¬ 
ernments have attached impor¬ 
tance to road development. 

In the 1975-1980 development 
plan, for watnpli*, an to¬ 

tal of .7 J billion naira was allocat¬ 
ed to capital expenditure in the 
transport sector, about 534 mil¬ 
lion naira of that for roads. 

—JTMOH GBADAMOSI 









Iff 


*9 SHIM 


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* --Witf • - •. .. MT- ■■ 

T 

V-’-/., • - 


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r.'i V". 



Victoria Island—one of the havens, from the rigors of modern-day life in Nigeria. 


Humor, Patience Overcome Hustle, Bustle 


Modem buildings and open spaces are features of Victoria Island, one of the newer parts of Lagos 


’ | 'he HUSTLE and bustle of Hfe 
X in Nigeria — which some¬ 
times appears to be sheer confu¬ 
sion — often arouses frustration, 
but it can be tak«n philosophically. 
As in any part of the wodd, hu¬ 
mor, patience and determination 
make for the best chance of suc¬ 
cess — only in Nigeria you often 
need more of all threes 

Unless the visitor is in the haven 
of Victoria Island, Lagos is as 
much of a city bursting at the 
seams as it ever was. Many of the 
new exp r es sw ays are liable to be 
congested for several hours a day, 
and the side roods and shuns are 
no less disorderly and hazardous 
than they were shortly after the 
dvQ war, when conditions first de¬ 
clined seriously. 

The most viable public activity 
is petty trading at market ataifc 
and by “go-slow” boys, who malm 
up a mobile hardware and soft 
furnishings store ready to greet the 
car rider at every expressway tur¬ 
noff. 

Driving is hazardous, with bald 
tires common, and some of the 
highway overpasses are showing 


signs of disintegration through a 
.lack of nmTntgn.nM-ft- The problems 
of housing and sanitation remain 
.severe for the Lagos state govern¬ 
ment, which is running out of each 
to complete its slum clearance and 
improvement programs. 

TBgh Phih 

Whole areas of Lagos are with¬ 
out telephones, multiplying the 
time spent in traveling to find peo¬ 
ple. The most efficient quarter is 
the area of Victoria and Ikoyi is¬ 
lands, although few b usinesses and 
organizations can afford the high 
rents there. 

The variety of activity in Lagos 
means that everything is available 
somewhere, althangh it may not be 
easy to find. There has been a 
suige of reasonable accomznodar 
tion in Ikeja, which is fast develop¬ 
ing as an accessible adjunct, or 
even as an alternative, to Lagos. In 
fact, perhaps only the development 
of alternatives like Ikeja or the fed¬ 
eral capital city of Abtya can solve 
the traffic congestion and other in¬ 
adequate services in Lagos. 

Meanwhile, the ' national road 


network has been generally much 
improved. It primarily needs local 
improvements and overall mainte¬ 
nance. The accident rate is still 
high. 

Another hazard in Nigeria is the 
high level of crime, which results 
from widespread disorganization 
and hi ^h urban unemployment. 
Earlier m the year, there was a 
spree of what is referred to as pira¬ 
cy, the raiding of ships at anchor 
dff the ports. No such cases have 
recently been reported, pethaps 
because of a combined militar y 
and police operation to control 
them. There is still robbery on 
roads at night, althoug h the police 
daim to have controlled the situa¬ 
tion. 

These problems are symptoms 
of a rush for wealth by Nigeria and 
many Nigerians. Two worlds coex¬ 
ist in uncomfortable proximity: 
great wealth and harsh poverty. 
Huge sums are committed daily to 
construction and development 
projects, and it is hoped that the 
spending will filter down to im¬ 
prove the standard of living. 


Althou gh the speed at which 
some of the biggest business is 
transacted creates an illusion of 
development, nearly all parts of 
the country are in dire need of 
basks. The large cities in particu¬ 
lar are deprived of refuse collec¬ 
tion in most areas, while sewage, 
drainage and water supplies are 
inadequately main tamed. “I some¬ 
times think we are the most under¬ 
developed of all the developing 
countries,” a Nigerian business¬ 
man said recently. 

Surprisingly, the traditional 
courtesy and politeness are not di¬ 
minished by tne difficulties of life. 
Only in situations where the sheer 
crush of people raises tension does 
thegood manor evaporate. The la¬ 
byrinthine arrival and departure 
procedures at Kano International 
Airport and money-changing in 
crowded hanks illustrate the bu¬ 
reaucratic inability to cope. But 
for the most part, visitors can ex¬ 
pect both help and a concern for 
their welfare when they are in dif¬ 
ficulty. 

—RICHARD SYNGE 


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INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIE 




Page IIS 


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r-msi 

S-*-Sr HUrftiJ 


S'.’C.Tv’V '• 
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THE BRAND NEW PORT OF CALABAR By Rupert Bibra 


Thc N^Kian Porta Authority (NPA): Just to give you an 
•deaof tfae size of the NPA and of the volume of trade 
handled by it, daring a twelve month period in 19.78/79, 
6,322 slops sailed to Nigerian ports and their net regis-. 
hired tonnage totalled 68-5 mQHpQ tons. The major ports 
are Tm Can- Apapa-Lagos complex. Port Harcourt, Warn 
and Calabar and the 3 Oil Terminals of Escravos, For- 
cades and Pennington (433 of the ships and 28.9 millions 
of.tbe overall tonnage). 

This page is devoted to Calabar because the shipping 
world appears to have dung to misconceptions about, “an 
oW-fadrioued and small shallow water port up a winding 
river**— quotin g ■ Sea Captain who must have out of date 
Reference books. The NPA secured S2 billion from Gen¬ 
eral Mntala Muhammad to modernise Its ports during the. 
3rd Development Plan period - in those days ships had to 
wah npto 180 days before unloading and often over 300 
ships-would be at anchor beyond the Lagos Bar. In 1979. 
the NPA brought on stream 4 new ports-Tin Can, Apapa 
Contamer/RoRo, Warn and Calabar-and so at a stroke 
ought up with the logistical problems that had cost ' 
Nigeria billions of $&. Want's new port was boat to serve 
the central and northern hinterland and the ueW Calabar 
pent was txrih to serve the East and the North-Eastern 
states, taking pressure off Port Harcourt and opening up a 
larger catchment basin for itself to North Camerons mid 
Chad.. 

OLD CALABAR: When the NPA' took over the har¬ 
bour installations at Calabar, from private operators in *69 
these meagre. fadKties consisted of scattered jetties and 
wharves located at the foot of a diff and could not be 

considered a port in tfae modem sense of the word. Annual 
cargo' tonnages handled in tfae years 1969-*75 remained 
around 100,000 tons and only ships with a draught of less 
than 6 meters could use Calabar ataXL The town itself was 
cut off from the mainland A cargoes for the hinterland bad 
to leave by car-ferry or barge - now then is a bridge. The 
Norwegian government helped to change an this-Planning 
foresaw port began in *72 and -work-on it- commenced in 
Oct '76, being completed ahead of schedule in June ’79. 
Norway, Holland, Belgium and West Germany bave.all 
given their expertise to build forCalabar an ultra modern , 
port '• .... 


. NPA's Port of CALABAR: This selection of photo¬ 
graphs has been chosen to show to you this splendid new 
port and the people who built aud operate it 1/. 3 vessels, 
each of 160 meters length overall, can be worked from the 
Esuk Utan quay at tfae same rime 2/. The commemorative 
cablet for the commissioning of the new port 3/. The 
RIVER MADA, Nigerian National Shipping lines, 
alongside 4/. The Port Manager’s office (with clinic 
. attached) 3/. Looking down on Esuk Utan Quay aud the 
Calabar river 6/. One of Esuk Ulan’s 3 large transit sheds, 
rigged with Lighting for 24 hour working of die ships 7/. 
The Port Manager, Mr. Afcpan, inspects storage of palm 
kenials for export in one of the two large warehouses 8/. 

' . A cargo of 110 tons, landed safely at Calabar, is trans¬ 
ported swiftly to the North cm the new expressway system 
91. Bishop llnoga amuses Colonel Omu and Chief 
N’Kpang, the AGM of NPA 10/. Alfaaji Tukur, NPA’s 
General Manager, helps at the hatching of his brainchild— 
June 9th 1979. .* 

CALABAR lies some 40 nautical miles from the open 
sea (to Fairway Buoy) and SNM from the main entrance 
channel of Cross River. Before proceeding up the Calabar 
river it is mandatory to embark a Riot off Parrot Island’. 
There are presently 26 buoys marking the channel - in *79 
dredged to more than 7 meters below chart datum and 
now being further deepened to 9 metres- up the Calabar 
river and there soon will be 52, bringing buoyage to tfae 
highest international standards. Proceeding up river. 
Calabar at first sight doesn’t seem to have changed much 
but two new buddings have joined the old skyline of the 
Catholic Cathedral and the Hope Waddell school chapel- 
Atlantic House is the new HQ of the Nigerian Palm Pro¬ 
duce Board (in 1980 they exported 53,800 tons from 
Calabar; they operate in IS states but Calabar is the 
centre) and die brand hew Mercantile Bank Budding (a 
bank that made Naira 12 milli on net profit in *80) now 
dominate the skyline. As die river takes its ’S’ bend- this 
is what limits ships’ length to under 180 meters - to Esuk 
Utan Quay, ships win pass the small battle scar'd Dock¬ 
yard, the Naval Base and the old harbour. Then comes the 1 
large Cement works before vegetation doses in again on 
both banks and the mooring buoys fbr lighter discharging 
'appear over by die western bank of the river. The river is 


still tidal herewith a maximum rise and fall of 1.56 meters, 
and as the ship completes turning through the ‘S' bend the 
new Army ‘Armoured River Patrol' Depot hoves in sight, 
immediately beyond it lies the Calabar Port Development 
- just as you see it in these pictures. Shipping lines 
removed the 5% shallow water surcharge for Calabar 
destined cargoes in ‘80 and Hamburg based CO W AC now 
offer a discount on cargoes routed through Calabar, 
UK WAL may follow. Yet shipping lines and Forwarding/ 
Clearing Agents are being slow to take advantage- of the 
faster nun-round that Calabar now offers. In 1980 Cargo 
throughput barely exceeded 200,000 tons and even the 
195357 ton figure for the first six months of ’81 is a poor 
one when one considers that Calabar can work up to 18 
ships at the same time and should handle one million tons 
per annum as of today’s preparedness. 

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION: For approximately 
100 million Naira spent so far. Calabar has its new deeper 
approach channel.an 86Ometer quay, large modern transit 
sheds and warehouses, a very large tannac'd area for 
stacking containers & for parking, secure boundaries (the 
police and customs offices command a view of almost all 
. the fenced area of the port), bunkering by MOBIL, 13 
metres of water alongside the quays and for the ruining 
basin, dual-carriage linkage to the new Expressway sys¬ 
tem, direct access to a new industrial zone (the first fac¬ 
tory, MATCHES, is about to be commissioned) and Free 
Zone - where it is hoped Chad and Cameroon will ba3d 
warehouses, engineering workshops, a fire station and all 
modem services - including workman's canteen - all 
round the dock. Just write to the Pori Manager, or telex 
him on 65107 Answer-back PAMBOD for the frill techni¬ 
cal specifications - or ask your shipping agents (Atnami, 
Express Reliance, Ibroku Commercial, Joki, Panalptoa, 
Triana etc) or your bank (Utnonjst, LTBA all have 
Calabar branches; quite apart from MERCANTILE'* 
HO-)- 

At tile time of writing. Calabar is taking delivery of 9 
' Portal Cranes of 3-5 ton capacity that will be mounted on 
tile rads alongside the Esuk Utan quay. These w33 be 
backed up by 6 mobile cranes of25-30 ton capacity and 56 
Forklift trucks from 3-30 ton capadty. In the ’82-’8S Plan 


for Calabar's development, orders have already been g 
placed for one Portainer crane (a million Naira ‘Portique’) 
and a Ro-Ro Platform. Of course Calabar must have 
Portique and Roll on- Roll Off capacity by *85 Container¬ 
ization offers 3 times the handling speed of conventional 
methods but not all cargoes are suitable for it. The 
Coutainer/Ro-Ro quay will be built next to Esuk Utan 
quay in the direction of the Army Depot (down-river), 
whilst more of the General Cargo handling quays can be 
built up-river Towards the Turning Basin as traffic grows - 
plans are flexible, but Calabar has spare capadty NOW 
and shipping lines should be aware of it. 

PROGRESS: Calabar is beginning to perform its new 
functions - offered by the modern port and Expressways 
to the North & North-East: Ikom, Ogoja. Katsina-AJa. 
Jalingp, Yola, Maidugori, Nguia etc. Stanches of tins road 
reach Plateau & Kano states and good paved roads extend 
imoImo-Anambra states. As Agriculture begins to climb ^ 
back to its mid sixties peak (both the Rubber & Cocoa B 
Boards have offices In Calabar) much larger tonnages of H 
produce will be shipped from Calabar - rubber, palm n 
kemals, palm keraai oil, cattle cake, groundnuts and Hj 
cocoa, plus limestone & gravel and in turn, imports of rice I 
and wheat will increase. The Nigerian Palm Produce jfl 
Board alone could double its exports through Calabar as yj 
harvests head back to 1965’s 205,000 tons peak (not ALL rig 
through Calabar). New mobile conveyor belt equipment - I 
flown in by Hercules - is being tested at Calabar. Limes- fftf 
tone exports to the ‘Russian* steel mQI promise important I 
new business. Ashland has joined Mobil in moving its fl 
Nigerian HQ to Calabar and andlliary organisations will g|| 
now follow. The gravel wharf up river from the Turning H 
Basin continues successful operation - Coastal traders B 
load up to 1300 tons per ship A transport tins freight to 9 
Part Harcourt. Other major businesses in the area include B 
theNigerian Newsprint Co. and the Palm Keraai Crushing 3 
mill (at Abak), the Flour Mills, the Cross Rivers State fl 
Brewery and Asbestonit Co. - who will be next? fl 

Write to NPA. 26/28 Marina, Lagos-the PRO’S Office JjH 
or, direct to: The Port Manager, N.P. Authority Building. 
Calabar - Esuk Utan. telephone no. 221179 Telex no. - 
65107, Answerback PAMBOD. »*■; 











































Page 12S 


INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, SEPTEMBER, 1981 


* 



Budget Reviews Accompany Vicissitudes of Oil 


N IGERIA has fell the re cen t 
worldwide oil surplus in two 
ways: a severe slump in the value 
of exports in the thud quarter of 
the year, and a drop in the federal 
government's revenues, affecting 
expenditures for the rest of the 
year and into the early part of 
1982. 

While some erosion of the for¬ 
eign exchange reserves — which 
stood at more than 5 billion naira 
for the first six months of the year 
— is expected by the end of 1981, 
the balance-of-payments situation 
appears to be manageable. 

Venturing a forecast for total 
1981 foreign exchange Bows, the 
president’s economic adviser, E.G 
Erioacn . said recently that the net 
outflow would be about 14J bfl- 
1km naira and the inflow (export 
payments) 13.4 billion naira, leav¬ 
ing only a small reduction in 
reserves over the year. 

If the payments situation is easi¬ 
er than some economic commenta¬ 
tors have predicted, the same can¬ 
not be said of the operations of the 
federal and state budgets. 

Health Services 

Some federal minis tries have 
bad financial difficulties for some 
months, following an earlier gov¬ 
ernment decision to reduce public 
expenditure. Especially hurt were 
health services. Educational spend¬ 
ing, largely a state government re¬ 
sponsibility, has also been hurt to 
the extent that some states can no 
longer pay their teachers. 

Some states have recently an¬ 
nounced cuts in capita] and recur¬ 
rent spending. In Ogun, the cuts 
are about 25 percent for new proj¬ 
ects and 15 percent in operational 
spending. 

Confirming the need for govern¬ 
ment austerity, the president’s 
director, Chief TA. Alri- 
receatly anno unced that 


The competing demands of various projects 
pose a thorny problem for economic planners: 


budget estimates for 1982 would 
have to be cut by 30 percent. 

Given the predominance of the 
public sector in Nigeria, it is dear 
that by regulating the annual 
budgets to suit present economic 
constraints the government win 
also have to apply the brakes to 
parts of the ambitious 82-bOIion- 
naira 2981-1985 development plan. 

The P lanning Minim ty is pro¬ 
posing no serious revisions of the 

p lan. An official nOtCS that annyifl l 

budgets many reorder some of the 
expenditure “but what is in the 
document itself remains intact as a 
total picture of our needs.” He 
added: “It is difficult to see what 
will happen over the next five 
years. If the oil sector picks up, it 
should be possible to accelerate 
the process of plan implementa¬ 
tion. 1 

The plan remains a useful mea¬ 
sure of the government’s economic 
ambitions. Some of its original as¬ 
sumptions, however, have to be re¬ 
considered, notably its anticipa¬ 
tion of aggregate budget surpluses 
during the five years of 53.6 billion 
naira. But it did accept the possi¬ 
bility of substantial borrowing, on 
the order of 16.9 billion naira over 
the five yean. This figure, in many 
bankers' and economists' estima¬ 
tion, could be increased. 

It is too early to measure the ac¬ 
curacy of the plan’s growth fore¬ 
casts: Gross domestic product was 
supposed to increase by 72 per¬ 
cent a year, with the manufactur¬ 
ing. Utilities and cnmttniirring firmc 

sectors increasing by 15 percent a 
year. 

The early signs are that 1981 is a 


n IGHARD SYNGE, n 
-IV survey, is West Atru 
Economic Digest. 


who wrote most of the articles for this 
Africa editor of the London-based Africa 


GILLIAN GUNN is assistant editor for Africa for Business 
International 

BAYO ROTIBI is on the staff of the Africa Economic Digest 

BRYAN PEARSON is assistant editor of Africa Health, pub¬ 
lished in London, and has contributed to numerous publications 
in related Gelds. 

JTMOH GBADAMOSI is a veteran Nigerian journalist who spe¬ 
cializes in public affairs. He is a former features editor of Freight 
News Weekly in London and editor of Trust magazine in Lagos. 


bad year in which to measure the 
growth rate. After a GDP growth 
of more than 8 percent in 1980, in¬ 
cluding 10 percent in manufactur¬ 
ing, the outlook for the whole 
economy and especially for indus¬ 
try is not good. 

Mr. Edorien recently noted that 
any economic decline this year 
would be due to the delay in get¬ 
ting legislative approval for federal 
and state budgets, combined with 
the negative effects of trade union 
militancy earlier in the year and 
smuggling, which is str ang l ing 

some industries. 

The gov e r n ment is convinced, 
however, that the economy as a 
whole can still be buoyant during 
the next 12 months, sustained, no 
doubt, by the high level of imports 
and resultant domestic commerce. 

Thorny ProMem 

Setting next year's austerity 
budget mil be a thorny problem in 
view of ibe competing de man ds of 
projects, with priorities such as 
Abuja (the new capital city) and 
Ajaokuta (the country’s basic iron 
and steel industry). The capital 
spending costs wtn have to be 
weighed against the recurrent de¬ 
mands of state governments, social 
spending, tbs armed forces and the 
over basm authorities. 

For big projects, the government 
does have the possibility of raising 
foreign and domestic loans. “The 
capacity for borrowing is there and 
so is the servicing capacity,” a mer¬ 
chant banker said. Meanwhile, 
however, the government’s credi- ' 
tors are noticing the application of 
the more usual government proce¬ 
dure for coping with inadequate 
revenues: delaying disbursements. 

If the federal government goes 
for intensified foreign borrowing, 
it wiQ want to control the situation 
and it has issued warnings to state 
governments who have assumed 
that they have continuing access to 
foreign loans. Finance Minister 
Victor Masi rebuked the state gov¬ 
ernments in August for seeking 
foreign loans and said his ministry 
would no longer be so keen to 
grant approval for them. 

The government is determined 
to continue to direct laige sums 
into agriculture, a sector that is not 
necessarily going to respond in the 
planned manner, although at the 
very least this can slow the drift' 
from the countryside to the towns.,, 

Much of the emphasis in the 
“Green Revolution” program is on^ 
rice production. Maize is also re- ■ 


coving attention. Through the 
agency of both the World Bank 
and Lne 11 River Badn Develop¬ 
ment Authorities in the country, 
small and large commercial proj¬ 
ects are being put together 
throughout the country. 

The introduction of advanced- 
technology agricultural schemes is 
made posable by the setting up of 
the Joint Agricultural Consultative 
Committee with U.S. agrib usiness 
firms. A U.S. company is expected 
to join in establishing a major rice 
project in the near future and rice 
mills around the country. Rice 
mi lling has been moved from the 
category of businesses that have to 
be 100-percau Nigerian-owned 
and can now have up to 40-percent 
Nigerian participation. 

The government h»$ also agreed 
to pay 50 percent of the land 
cleara nce costs of any approved 
agricultural project involving for¬ 
eign investors, ft may also step in 
to resolve land tenure problems if 
necessary. 

Western agricultural experts say 
that Nigeria is unlikely ever to pro¬ 
duce enough rice for its needs but 
that there js a good future in ma¬ 
ize, although farmers in the poten¬ 
tial nw™ areas are unwilling to 
stop growing the traditional crop 
of owlet, winch is not as versatile 
in its end-uses as wheat or maize 
would be. 

Exports 

Whatever the needs for diversifi¬ 
cation of economic activity in Ni¬ 
geria, the country is forced by cir¬ 
cumstance to lorik hard at its fu¬ 
ture as an exporting nation So far 
only natural gas presents itself as a 

potential export substitute for oil. 

There are serious questions over 
the ability of the country to sustain 
its present level of imports, which 
have doubled since October, 1979, 
to 1 2 billion naira a month. 

The rising cost of imports is due 
as much to development expendi¬ 
ture and the arrival of heavy ma¬ 
chinery and capital equipment as it 
is to the importation of food. Nei¬ 
ther of these two areas can be 
curbed easily, leaving the area of 
consumer goods as the only possi¬ 
ble target for import cuts. 

It would be politically difficult 
for the president to announce any 
import cuts, as many of his sup¬ 
porters remember the effects of the 
former military government's im¬ 
port bans of 1979, when many 
traders and contractors went out 
of business. In fact, from these 
quarters there is pressure to lift 
some of the remaining bans. In the 
meantime, the flourishing smug¬ 
gling activities in the south show 
no signs of abating. . ... : 

— RICHARD SYNGE 


v.'.\v \ • •.*-*V Wi-ii--; v.L-j' 

•' • •.v' "-jli ... 

"*y* v*7*/C; ...V.*■, -t . A s - vSv'fV." 

' // !- ’ ) *'• ,’iv^ : v ;’:.\ • -v.;\ Y•••.v..;,/.,/ 

. •. -V,: 

M'r'; 

fere 




NICON- participating 

towards a better 
commercially 

developed Nigeria 


Sines 1969 when NICON-National Insurants of Nigeria 
commenced burinsss operations we have in several wsys 
been playing important roles In the development of 
Nigeria's commercial life. 

Our expertise end bouyant financial strength have enhanced 
our leadership position in the insurance industry-perticu- 
larly in the areas ol aviation, marine, hull and cargo. 


Not only have we been Involved in offering honest Insu¬ 
rance covers to numerous reputable commerdaJ concerns 
in Nigeria, we also enjoy preeminence In the reinsurance. 
market world-wide. 

To further enhance our desire for a better commercially 
developed Nigeria, we will continue to participate In pro¬ 
jects and ventures in which both Nigerians and overseas 
e n trepreneurs will be benefited. 

Head Office: 

96/102, Broad Street. 
P.O.Box 1100, Legos 
Te l ephony 662708 
Grams/Cables: NICON Lagos. 
Telex: 22661. 

London Office: 

Forum House, 

15-18, Lime Street. 

London, EC3M 7NB. 


NATIONAL 
INSURANCE 
CORPORATION 
OF NIGERIA 



The Nigerian National Petroleum Coip. oil refinery at Ward. 






Slumping Oil Market Poses Challenge to the Economy 


(Continued front Page 7S) 


non 


reach 10,000 (of whom 
1,000 will be foreign tech¬ 
nicians) with housing, food and 
recreation requirements. 

The 16 gas earner ships for Bon¬ 
ny are estimated to cost about 
C00 miilin n each and the discus¬ 
sions on the shipping side arc not 
completed, according to Nigerian 
sources. 

If the project's si g nin g ceremony, 
takes place as scheduled next year, 
Nigeria will be well on the way to 
ea rning a steady income by the 
end of the decade. Under the 
terms of the sales contract initialed 
by the c on sumers, there need be no 
fluctuation in output as has been 
occurring recently with oil — this 


As the new NNPC board of directors looks at 
the company's reorganization, it will have to 
take into account the diminishing role of oil 
as an export and its replacement by gas. 


is the firmest attraction of the gas 
prcnecL 

Plans are also under discussion 
for domestic applications. A power 
station near Lagos is to be 
powered by gas, but there has not 
yet been a decision to install a na- 


rectors looks at the company's re¬ 
organization, it win have to take 
into account the diminishing rc^e 
of ofl as an export and its eventual 
replacement by gas. The formation 
of a specialized gas division is ex¬ 


gas 

soon. 

The NNPC has Other responsi- 
board of di- bflities, tod The Lagos Daily 


Times recently noted that empha¬ 
sis should be placed on promoting 
self-returnee m the technological 
aspects of oil production for the 
time when nearly 50 percent of 
production will be for domestic 
use. 

The paper summed up the situa¬ 
tion as follows: “At a time when 
the international ofl market is 
again bedeviled by a politically in¬ 
spired oil glut which is somehow 
having a idling effect on the na¬ 
tional economy, the new NNPC 
board will require all the patriot¬ 
ism and expertise it can muster to 
ensure that this country derives the 
maximum benefit from the oil sec¬ 
tor.” . 

—RICHARD SYNGE 


FOREIGN 


BUSINESS ? 


We have the right people in the 
right place at the right time. 

Why not meet one of them ? 

Their intimate knowledge of Nigerian 
business conditions equips them 
with a reservoir of up-to-date advice 
from which you can always draw. 

Our duty is to look after your business. 
With correspondents throughout 
the world and business information 
at our fingertips, 

we can solve your local and foreign 
business problems 
expeditiously. 


!*■- 


irzi 


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MHGJM CONTINENttl HUM 111. 

LONDON BRANCH: 80 Cheapside, London EC2V 6EQ 

Telephone: 01- 248 5688/9 & 5680. Telex; 884355. 

HEAD OFFICE: 148 Broad Street Lagos, Nigeria. Tel: 664091/664163/662623 
Cables: Populihead, Lagos. Telex: 21282 

































oreigners 


tTT/E ARE LTKE the buyer of a 
W boose who evoy.day has 
to calLin the architect to turn on 
the figba.'’ That is how Dr. Fe&c 
Oragwn, a director in the new 
Mostly of Science andTechnolo- 
gy, describes Nigerians’ frustration - 
at their dependence on foreign 
companies and experts. 

During the last decade, that.; 
frustration has led to a surge of 
tcaadaac nationalism as Nigeria,. 

. nch in oil hat lacking in expertise,' 
series to reduce foreign control 
over ah aspects of national life: 
Successive governments - have 
focused on the issues of foreign in.- 
vesanent, tedinalogy transfer and" 
the employment of foreigners. But 
Nigeria. needs the foreign services, 
aad so. the govc^ seeks to 
' promote '^figciianrzation’’ with- 
oeiscaring'away foreigners. 

“ The- iQQst visible, manifestation - 
ofliiSEeased nationalism is the 

foreign 
the aim of “pro- 
rootg^and protecting Nigcnan 
paruc^sfejn m aD areas of the 

''^‘decree divides' business ac- 
tmpmto three “schedules.” De- 
pcndnw dn the sector’s fcvd of 
technology and capital intensity, 
investment 'must include 40-per- 
. ceni, 60-pauenx or 100-percent NI- 
gerian equity. Generally, die more 
sophisticated the operation, the 
nwreforeign equity permitted. 

V Companies’ Reaction 

..Some companies, such as Inter- 
national Business Machines Corp., 
fo withdraw from Nigeria 
after the decree was Issued in July, 
1977, rather than surrender abso¬ 
lute control over their subsidiaries. 
Most have returned — and IBM 
reported record Nigerian profits 
tinsyear— but the decree dm slow 
the pace of new investments. 

■Nigeria is aware of the decree's 
chilling effect on investors, and re¬ 
cently adjusted the investment cat¬ 
egories to attract business. Most 
significantly, the foreign equity 


Emit for agribusiness investments 
has been nosed from 40 percent to 
60 percent. “There simply are sot 
enough Nigerians coining fato the 

agriculture sector," a spokesman 

for the Ministry of A gricultur e 
said. “If we are to feed ourselves, 
we most penaft greater foreign 
parti dpation/’ 

In addition to.the J977 decree’s 
restrictions, foreigners’ activities 
are Bunted in ccrtainstrategic sec¬ 
tors. The government owns and 
operates the railroads, telephone 
«od electrical services, and holds a - 
minimum 55-percent stake in com¬ 
panies manufacturing iron, steel, 
petrochemicals and fertilizers car. 
■'distributingpetroleum locally. 

The nationalist sentiment is also 
evident in the new National Office 
of Industrial P r opert y le gisistirwr 
Established in 1979 but dormant 
until this year, the NOIP examines 
trademark, managftpw»n t and tech¬ 
nical agreements Ketween.Ni gfri«m 
and foreign firms to ensure that 
the technology transfer terms are 
“fan;.” Objectionable agreements 
arc. deni e d foreign exchange ap¬ 
proval for payment. 

'Profit Motive 1 

“Because of the profit motive, 
companies supplying technology 
don t want.us to develop Ihe ab¬ 
sorptive capacity to. redesign and 
implement that know-how,” an 
N OIP spokesman said. “Thev 
want to sdl us the same technolo¬ 
gy again and again. The NOIP win 
stop that.” 

Among the grounds for denying 
approval- arc: overpricing, the 
forced purchase of unwanted 
gadgets, limits on the uses of the 
technology, obligations to buy re¬ 
lated technologies only from the 
original supplier and restrictions 
on .local development of foreign 
techniques. The law also forbids 
agreements that require contract 
disputes to be submitted to foreign 
jurisdiction. 

Marry foreign companies are dis¬ 
turbed by this legislation and say 


Economic Benefits Sought 
From Investment Controls 


Special to the 1ST 

T\THEN the civilian government 
VV came to power, it rapidly 
saw that industrial policy had to 
be more cohesive.' 

The National Party of Nigeria, 
in its election, manifesto, had al¬ 
ready written about the need for 
more order in industry. Once in 
power, the government put out a- 
document entitled “Nigeria’s In¬ 
dustrial Policy and Strategy: 
Guidelines to Investors." Although 
it is only a statement of intent, the 
authorities take it seriously, and il 
is already apparent that investors 
benefit from the substantial incea- 
tives offered. 

Previously, industrial poBcyhad 
concentrated on import snbstitu-. 
turn. The new document concludes 
that “the benefits of strategy 
to the national economy have been 
minlm^T nrindpaflY because of the 
invariably lbw locallevel of value- 
added.” 

The 10-percent contribution of 
the manufacturing sector to gross 
hanestic product is considered 
ow. Output has been character¬ 
ed by a nigh level of low-tedmrf- 
«y light industries.The eogmeer- 
og sector should be muchlarger. 
Minister of Industries Alhaji 
Vdamn Grama said, “There is an. 
Jmost total absence of intennedi-, 
le and capital goods” in Nigerian ' 

udngtry. - 

"Poficy Aims 

The authorities want to reduce 
lepentfcace on manufactured ha-- - 
, oits. exploit local resources and 
orate that technology is trans- 
«rad to _ Nigeria. AdditioDally, 


Investors who try to increase io? 
»l value added (which roughly is 
ncasured as the proportion of lo- 
al input) will benefit from certain 
nventives- Local raw materials are 
o be used wibenwer possible, esne¬ 
cy In agrebased indnstries. im- 
, raters of semi-finished products 
riu be encouraged to start the lo- 
al manufacturing of rac h goods! 


Manpower .development is aj 
crucial putt , of industrial policy, 
and investors must produce plans 
for staff tr aining. Far forcjga com¬ 
panies, the approval ‘of foreign 
staff. will depend upon the drawing 
up of such plans. ' ..c 

The government acknowledges 
the role that the private sector has 
to play in development. It has i 
pledged that, if investors offer an 
industry of real benefit to Nigeria, 
the conqtiex process of approval 
will be streamlined to facilitate the 
rapid establishment of that indns- 
try. Hie government has formed 
an industrial development and co¬ 
ordination c omm it te e that brings 
together the available m in iste rial i 
knowledge on Nigerian industry to 
judge the value orany single inves¬ 
tor and what concessions he is to 
be offered. • ■ 

'The most important concession 
for a company is “pioneer status.” 
A firm whose proposed investment 
is on the list of pioneer industries 
wiU get a tax break of three to five 
years. If a c ompany is given “ap¬ 
proved user status," it can import 
.a number of raw materials at high¬ 
ly concessionary rates. Income tax 
provides for the accelerated depre¬ 
ciation of capital investment, and 
when imported raw materials are 
used for products that will eventu¬ 
ally be exported, the manufacturer 
is entitled to the reimbursement of 
the import duty. Import controls 
have often been used in thepast 
bat mainly to fight inflation. There 
are restrictions on certain imports 
if they are seen as 'unfair competi¬ 
tion to Nigerian goods. 

To encourage, the growth of lo¬ 
cal value'added inthe manufactur¬ 
ing sector, the government offers 
companies excise tax concessions 
proportionate to the Ievd of value 
added. Such allowances last three 
years and maybe extended. 

Although Nigeria has no forma! 
regional development plan, com¬ 
panies that invest in disadvantaged 
areas will also receive favorable 
treatment from the government. 


INTERNATIONAL MEDIA 
ASSOCIATES LTD. 


intermedia 


[fyvffrr 



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DANCING FEET — The art of dancing flourishes as strongly as ever in Nigeria, with performances in modem theaters as well as in towns and villages. 


that it coold eventually reduce the 
transfer of technology to Nige ri a . 
A British company said that the 
law “lowers the threshold at which 
mconvenience outweighs potential 
profits.” Again, Nigeria has 
backed off slightly in response,' 
and the. government is reviewing 
the law with the intent of softening 
some requirements. 

• The NOIP gives Nigeria the 
strictest technology transfer law in 


Africa, and not surprisingly Lagos 
is the comment’s leader in interna¬ 
tional debates on the subject. In 
the negotiations on ihe UNCTAD 
International Code of Conduct on 
the Transfer of Technology, Niger¬ 
ia is “among the most radicalof 
the Third World participants,” a 
UN spokesman said (UNCTAD 
is the United Nations Conference 
on Trade and Development) 
Concern over the economic im¬ 


pact of uncontrolled foreign activi¬ 
ty is also behind the government's 
policies on foreign workers. The 
authorities believe that Nigerians 
will not acquire the skills to run 
their own affairs if top jobs are 
continually filled by foreigners. 

The government' makes it diffi¬ 
cult far companies to employ ex¬ 
patriates and makes permission 
contingent upon approval of the 
firm's employment practices re¬ 


garding Nigerians. When applying 
for an expatriate permit, the pro¬ 
spective employer must report its 
program for training Nigerians 
and its plans for replacing foreign¬ 
ers with nati onals , in addition, all 
firms most contribute a percentage 
of their total salaries to a centra! 
fund. Upon government approval 
of the company’s “Nigenaniza- 
lion" efforts, up to 60 percent of 
this is refundable. 


The government also can simplv 
.order the employment of Nigeri¬ 
ans. For example. Iasi winter the 
authorities instructed firms to 
place Nigerians in executive board 
positions. They previously bad 
been confined to non-executive 
board posts. 

Despite the government’s vigor¬ 
ous efforts, ihe employment of for¬ 
eigners will undoubtedly increase 
during the coming years. The five- 


year development plan reports a 
current shortfall of more than 
S5.000 professionals and antici¬ 
pates that this will increase to ! 
more than 120,000 by 1985. Niger¬ 
ia will be able to fill only a fraction ’ 1 
of these vacancies with its citizens. - 
The development plan thus • 
concedes: “It will be necessary to- 
continue to facilitate the inflow of 
qualified expatriate personnel" 

—GILLIAN GUNN 


UNITED BANK FOR AFRICA 

-the most preferred bank for business with Nigeria 


iZEf/j 


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Many foreign banks, corporations, 
exporters and investors who have 
done business with Nigeria prefer to 
channel their transactions through 
United Bank for Africa. This 
preference stems from the good 
results which they have obtained 
from trained and seasoned staff in 
the specialised departments of our 
International Division in Lagos and 
our branches throughout Nigeria. 

Our determination to protect this 
enviable reputation and our desire to 
earn Nigeria a good name in 
International business obliges us to 
strive continuously to offer those 
extras which distinguish our services 
from those of other banks. 


These services include information 
on business opportunities and credit, 
opening of Letters of Credit, 
processing of bills for collection, 
money transfers, advice and guidance 
on local laws and customs and a lot 
more. 

In all these areas, our close links 
with over 200 major banks, five of 
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of Directors enable us to follow 
through faster and more efficiently 
to your home base. 

It makes sound business sense to 
channel all your business in Nigeria 
through the United Bank for Africa - 
the most preferred bank for business 
with Nigeria. 



1981 

1980 


1981 

1980 

1 Liabilities, March 31: N'000 

N'OQG 

Assets, March 31: 

N'000 

N'000 

Capital 

30,000 

30,000 

Cash & Banks 

1,150,372 

762,991 

Reserves' 

64,312 

47,597 

Investments 

82,314 

39,883 

Deposits etc. 

2.407.218 

1,576,225 

Loans & Discounts 

1,268,844 

850.948 

Contra A/cs. 

918.348 

772,169 

Contra A/cs. 

918,348 

772,169 

Total 

3,419,878 

2,425,991 

Total 

3,419,878 

2.425.991 


mi 


N1 = USS 1.567; Stg. 0.783; FF 8.657 

Branches throughout Nigeria: 

Aba, Abeokuta, Akure, Apapa, Bauchi, Bayero University, Benin City, Biu, Calabar. 
Ebute-Metta, Effurun, Enugu, Falomo. Ibadan (three) Idumagbo, Iganmu. Ijora, Ikeja, 
llorin, llupeju, Jos, Kaduna (two). Kano, Lagos Central, Lagos East, Lagos University. 
Matdugun, Mallam Maduri, Marina, Minna, New Bussa, Omtsha, Otta. Owerri. Port- 
Harcourt (three), Sape'ie, Sokoto. Suleja, Warri and Zaria, 29 Rural Branches and Nigeria 
Airways and Airport Authority Cash Office. 

Associated banks in France, U.K., Italy and U.S.A. 


ADVERTISEMENT REPRESENTATIVES 
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.. INTERNATIONAL MEDIA 
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iagu, NigBna, ' Lagos, Nigeria. 


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MASTER PLAN 


Itesidanfial 

Aram 



Phase One 

230,000 

Population 

Central Area 


Phene One 


There is a. flourishing b usin ess in building materials in Abuja. 



Phase One 


Population 


Residential 


1.6 Million 
Population 



New Federal Capital Rising on Ancient Site 


Nal 

in 

Africa 

We fly more people further 
than any other airline in Africa. 

More than three times as many 
as our nearest rivals. 

Our fleet has more aircraft than 
some leading international airlines. 

And we’re getting bigger all 
the time. 

Soon we’ll be adding brand new 
Jumbo jets and the latest Airbuses. 

Nigeria Airways-Nigeria’s 
national airline -is now Africa’s 
number one. 

Contact your travel agent or 
Nigeria Airways. 


(Continued from Page 7§) 
companies. And most estimates 
suggest that another 1 billion naira 
has already beat committed to the 
woik under way, mainly on.the 
road systems being built by West 
German contractors Julius Berger 
and Stxabag and by French con¬ 
tractor Dumez. 

Coardhiation Problems 
The problems of coor dinati on 
axe huge for the small FCDA staff, 
which, 30 kilometers away in Suic- 
ja, cannot always see what is hap¬ 
pening on the ground. The staff is 
ov erstr e tc hed m the coordination 
of plans and quality control. Con¬ 
tractors and consultants have oc¬ 
casionally found themselves dupli¬ 
cating or conflicting with one an¬ 
other company's work. 

_ Another concern among con¬ 
tractors on die site is that the 
FCDA may lave to slow its rate of 
spending because of the federal 
government's looming revenue dif¬ 


ficulties. With major new contracts 
coming np, requiring huge “mobi¬ 
lization fees” before work can 

to the federal^rerm^n wffllL 
clearly tested. Abuja has been said 
to be “Priority No. 1” under the 
1981-1983 development plan, but 
there are other priorities. 

The full costs of supplying Abu¬ 
ja with all it needs have not been 
pubHdty estimated, but costs far 
roads, power and supplies, for ex¬ 
ample, are already considerable. 

A population of 1.6 million has 
been estimated for the year 2000. 
This is a realistic figure, but how 
much, of the acco mmodation for 
this population can be provided by 
the budding plans envisaged at 
present is open to question. 

Local contractors have been giv¬ 
en encouragement to persevere, al¬ 
though much of their work is rec¬ 
ognized as not bei n g up to the 
standards envisaged m the plans. 
What is surprising is that no provi¬ 


sion has been made far the appli¬ 
cation of traditional materials and 
building techniques, which could 
be aesthetically pleasing and wdl- 
adapted to the doznate. 

Powerful Argmeats 

Despite the difficulties, Abuja 
has got under way, and the argu¬ 
ments for pressing ahead are pow¬ 
erful ones. They include the ccm- 
tinning congestion of Lagos and 
the fact that the search for neutral 
ground between the three great 
ethnic groups — Hansa, Yoruba 
and Tbo—has produced a spectac¬ 
ular site with the potential for 
good communications with all 
three areas, particulary by road 
and air. 

The costs are heavy, however, 
arid a semi-functi on in g new capital 
is not Hlaty to produce greater ef¬ 
ficiency in rtseu. In most activities, 
Abuja will not be able to replace 


upheaval on their^traditioaal land, 
is not ce rtain. Their (rid social or¬ 
der is likely to be eroded quickly. 
The government's provision "of= 
uew villages, where the efology is 
different, and where they have to 
find new employment, could cause 


• On_the local level, how much the 
Gwari people win benefit from the 


The crid village of Wuse is now 
surrounded by the activities of 
earth movers, - bulldozers and 
cranes and has momentarily flour¬ 
ished as a marlraf providing food 
for the huge numbers of workers. 
But its days are numbered. New 
Wuse has been constructed 70 ki¬ 
lometers away mid the old Wuse 
displays a “last warning” sign thaL 
all structures are to be demolished 
shortly. 

The new Abuja, however modr. 
cm in conception, is going to ncetf 
markets, the vital Institution in NT-; 
geria. It will be interesting to see if" 
they appear where the planners - 
have decreed, or if they emerge at 
unexpected corners. 

—RICHARD SYNGE 



You gain 50 years marketing 
and manufacturing experience 
in Nigeria by talking to A.C.C. 



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A.C.C. successfully 
established products of many 
important overseas principals. 
Some of these products are now 
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THERMOS FLASKS, 

QUAKER OATS, STANDARD 
BRANDS, CHUPA CHUPS, 
WHISTLING POPS, REXALL 
MEDICAL PRODUCTS and 


own brand RITTA CUBES. 

A.C.C. has also recently 
diversified into the supply of 
UBM building materials, 
MARLEY floor coverings. 

But A.C.C. strength lies in its 
expanding manufacturing 
activities in Nigeria itself. 

A.C.C. manufacture 
established brand leaders such as 
TREBOR Confectionery, own 
brand PENGO analgesic, 
CHUBBY chewing gum, 
KOKORIOCCO bubble gum, 
Plastic Conta iners and 
S NO WHITE TOOTHPASTE. 
Distribution of Products. 

A-C-C. has a fleet of vehicles 
which supply a country-wide 
network of vigorous Nigerian 
distributors from its factories in 
Apapa and depots in Kano and 
Onitsha. 


Talk to A.C.C. First. 

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combination of experience and 
enterprise to help you establish 
your product in a fast growing 
market that is full of potential. 


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Over 50 years of marketing and 
manufacturing experience in 
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Apapa. 

Tel: 803100,803101,803102 
Telex: 11117(2011 UK only) 
TDS 384 Lagos. 


A.C.C. — the organisation that keeps on growing .... . 







































































































artisan sells his carvings. 


v By- Bryan Pearson 


HPpr?* 


V 7 7 r,- ,4WW « aav iny 

major problems, and public confi¬ 
dence and staff relations are dete¬ 
riorating rapidly. 

The main factor is the infras- 
tmctoral weaknesses. New teach¬ 
ing; hospitals are built at costs 


- 5 * Thirteen teaching 
"V: hospitals consume 
- 7: more than 40percent 
^ r of the national health 
budget 

aceeding S100 million, while ex-- 

■ Utme hnsnifallc _:__ 


—i—w. b'oi m some or tne 
” f o«anost medical establishment*. 
• • sahne dims and basic dings are 
not available in. the pharmacy;.. 

Often, troth the conorioa of doo- 
1 tors and muses,' relatives of pa- 

- tientsaresenitolocalpateiimoii- 

cme stores to purchase prescribed 
medicines at vastly influx 1 costs.* 
The majority of drags ffiid their 
way mto the private sector; and 
MMe fl ealing m them arc making 

Health facilities, like many other 


sue auectea py politics, and 
d "^fortunate that Nigcrians are 
i, ^ tiding consetons.” Capital 

* 

t- • ' OrtsideSplaidor 

* u.^- he ^ sei ™“midotibtedr i 
- mege advanced than most others; 

7 jy i r^.. blIt l L lhe Vendor one 

^from™h°u , i srla]waj! 

' iS? 0 * ttie reasons for these 

.. problems are clear. There are ap- 

-KESJKfii&'SSfi- 

“pendent, ite bndget is not lim- 
pess. Independence means train, 
mg Nigerian doctors, and that 
. means teaching hospitals, which 
are fantastically expensive and, in 
httmamtanan terms; grate wake- 

■ ‘ n “« are 13 teaching hospitals 

— with four more planned can- 

rnming more than 40 percent of 
national health mending. The re- 
Nigena graduates hrm- 
. .^edadf doctors cadi year. Brn al- 
uon^h (their training has been at 
:the rest of the 
; MMi service, Y Iaige : parentage 

^5°“ IngUy <5«^«men aid 
Twomen move either into the pri- 
■ ^>le sector of leave for Westa 
Europe and the United States to 
practice becansetheyfind h too 
nvstiatw&.to wodrwithta their 
own health stmeture. Nigeria has 
-become a net exporter of doctors 

-to the develpped nations. 


tn™ 5? ^ * ** *“■ trainiag ^ ^ to receive invest- 

tmm, Nigena is trymg to devdop a m(£Dl capital 

Dlim rv hrwltlv n)un —_ The health __ _ 


prirnaiy health care. (PHQ pro¬ 
gram, geared to operating with 
paramedical health workers. This 
means that a further area of health 


ves to Be Costly—Health System Ends Up Paying the Bill 


The health planners argue 
strongly for proceeding on Uiis 
Pgh; To concentrate purely on 
they say. with clinical refer¬ 
rals to district and state hospitals, 


would leave the countiy dependent 
for years on foreign doctors. Thus, 
ihe argument goes, the health ser¬ 
vice would be accused of quackery 
by manypeople — teaching hospi¬ 
tals therefore are viral 
The public is unhappy about the 


failure of the nation’s investment 
to make any great changes in the 
msease pattern. On the other hand 
doctors believe that they are un¬ 
derpaid, overworked and frustrat¬ 
ed bv shortages of essential tools 
of their trade. They went on strike 


for a month earlier this year. When 
compared with colleagues in other 
disciplines at the university, for ex¬ 
ample. they are probably right. 

But the days when the title “doc¬ 
tor was respected by many 
to be ending Some observers be- 


10 a degree, the fault lies 
> 1l ° the doctors’ attitude, but that' 
it also lies with the planner* who,! 
«o satisfy both political' 

h£?i.K a * li, u ne * ds ' have made 
health can: boom only in the nri-- 
vaie sector. y 


By W-Seyenue Decline 


_ Special to the IHT 

TPHE POWER of the nation’s I* 
- ’ A «* federation, the Nigerian 
JjJbQr Congress, is being tested by 
mejgiMfcnu financial decline. The 
■“ “redous to 
ei tecrem bflity towozkexs, but 
goyeranana is expected to 
i ; tin ner on wage issues be- 
lOfdedmiim 

s House of "Kepreseaitaixves 
«ssed a, bill raising themmi- 
mauthfy wage to 125 naira 
.100 naira. The bill will not 
JSSf® mto fan* until President 
Alhap Sh chB. Shagaii has signed it. 
^bowiw^aml -it-is now thought 
^Smcq yrJaat the government migh t 
jgwantto^sc restraint. 

SB Congress suspended 

strike in May in 
pled ges of 

H 1 ’ uk minimum wage. 

■ed : a lengthy 
1C leaders and the.gov- 
wUdi also agreed to a 
rise in monthly mini - 
dns from 33 to 55 naira 
®al fringe benefits. The '• 
mmriqne issued afterthemeet- 

not specify a new mmi- 
wage but noted the NLCs 
"Wton of an offer of 120 naira 1 
“*de earlier by a House commit- - 

JOG. 4 


■ -—j ^.M Li uiwm a* wcu as 

rent and transport allowances and 
- automobile loans. 

President Sbagarfs fiscal 1980 
budget in March made same con- 
' agreeing to a 

l pu-najia mmimum monthly wage 
as well as to rent and transport d- 
lowances. A committee was set up > 
to review the labor laws. The 
NLCs third threat followed its 
(matses that nothing had come of 


NNPC IS PIONEERING THE 

DIVERSE TECHNOLOGIES 
NIGERIA NEEDS FOR 

THE YEARS AHEAD 

KWKKRiiB 

iSSI«S F fP 

nig'IrI/vsIconom'i'c g'i?owth E ARE the p,vot of 


latommSin yy f 

' ^ ca NLG finally managed 
to can ns members out on a gener- 
alstoppage in May, its voice had 
lost ns stridenqr and support was 
lukewarm. At the same time, poK- 
twaans revived the allegations that 
its action was unpatriotic. 

Tll^ ffh-ilriB kmL. : _ _ m m 


Nigeria’s financial condhian has 
i T^jporated since January because 
* me woriWwide surplus of crude 
^Aoxstiing to one estimate; the 
J wa « e increase could 
me federal government’s ex- 
Wtures by as mnch as S3 ba¬ 
ton. 

Union Position 

: Mttnwhfle. having seen its orig- 
- demand of a 300-naira mSt 
..S 1 ? more than halved, the 
Pr ®*s not want to accept fur- 
vJL S®!? 11 * & ^ ^owenament, 
’™m theoften-mcaitionedinter- 
industrial peace in the new 
«*. Nevertheless; it;, is ’ 
despite ■ 
noises. Aside 
^ the May ! I-n general strike, 
wee previous threatened strikes 
,.tdnot come off. 

‘ -2t| N i: Cs 5x51 dmsat at a 
imme- 


Of • . - __ “— 

mam iy because ot poor orgamza- 
1 5®“v But mtemational flights were 
. grounded by striking air traffic 
i controllers, public transportation 
: was baited, the ports were para- 
. ryzed and shops, paiticulady in 
. Lagos, were dosed, 
j Woret of afl, the petroleum in- 
i ^aiy was hrought to a standstiTT 
But many of the workers who dei¬ 
fied the strike call saw it only as 
the NLCs desire to use freedoms 
that had been curtailed under 13 
■ years of military governments. 

The government is se eking to . 
end the apparent confusion in the 
labor scene. It is pushing legisla¬ 
tion that, it argues, complies with 
the International Labor Organiza¬ 
tion. code forbidding the enforced 
membership of an individual un¬ 
ion, m a . central labor movement. 
This would in effect end the 
NLCs monopoly. 

NIC leaders accused the gov¬ 
ernment of seeking to break up the 
labor movement for political bene¬ 
fit. Other critics of the proposed 
legislati o n say that the government 
is seeking to divide the .various 
unions because of their growing 

miffranry 

A breakaway faction of the 
NLC has been formed, called the 
Congress of Democratic Trade 
Unions, bnt its claim to backing 
from 30 of the NLCs 42 member 
muons seems exaggerated. Its ere- 


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P*gel6S 


; INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, SEPTEMBER, 1981 




The country's developing transportation infrastructure indudes theAsaba Bridge. 


Industrial Output Lags, Steel May Be Key 


I NDUSTRIAL growth has never 
been quite up to expectation in 
Nigeria, and the present outlook: is 
particularly bleak for manufactur¬ 
ing companies. Last year, the out¬ 
put did manage to rise by 10 per¬ 
cent, but this year industrialists are 
doomy. Nevertheless, the nation 
has comprehensive industrial ac¬ 
tivity in textiles, budding materi¬ 
als, agricultural processing, vehi¬ 
cles assembly, oO refining, timber 
furniture, paper, pharmaceuticals 
and consumer goods. Steel mills 
are planned around the country. 

While trading companies are 
making big profits, the manufac¬ 
turers are expecting losses and 
some.companies in the textile in¬ 
dustry have closed. The crisis is re¬ 
lated to the boom in imports and 
to smuggled goods providing ma¬ 
jor competition to amnestic prod¬ 
ucts. 

Industrialists have collectively 
called on the government to stamp 
out the smuggling and it has 
promised to do so, but few expect 
it to be totally successful But the 
state has a stake in many indus¬ 
tries and is likely to want to pro¬ 
tect them from unfair competiuan. 


What makes locally produced 
goods more expensive than the 
smuggled items is las the result of 
high labor costs than of disloca¬ 
tions in supplies of raw material* 
or spare puts and consequent ex¬ 
pensive delays. 

Industry Ministry officials lmow 
that there is a long way to go be¬ 
fore the country can have efficient 
and profitable industrial output. 
They also see the need to protect 
local goods. The gov ernment as a 
whole, however, is poody briefed 
on the TTiftn*trial si tuation and 
feds that it cannot evolve solutions 
until more is known about the 
problems. 

The m anufacturing sector ac¬ 
counts for only 6 p ercent of gross 
domestic product Officials would 
like to see more interdependence 
between factories for supplies. 
“People think only of external 
sources,” an official said. “Foreign 
goods are too accessible. Not 
many industries look at each 
other’s needs to see how best they 
can simply them.” He sees the best 
hope for integration in agriculture-, 
based industry. 

There are some steady success 


Nigeria: Salaries & pij ¥ 
Living Cost Survey XllAXX 

For full details of our latest comprehensive survey, 
please complete and return the form below: 

I To ERI Research & Publications,87 Jermyn Street .London SW1Y 6JDI 
"Tel: 01-839 4786 Telex: 917137 B 

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.Postcode:. 

|Telephono:__ __.^IHT070981J 


stories in industry, particulariy in 
the manufacturing of beer and soft 
drinks, leather goods, cement, pa¬ 
per and pulp, cosmetics and soaps. 
Automobile assembly has become 
intensive, although me assemblers 
face operating losses and the de¬ 
mand for vehicles is enormous, 
given their short fife an Nigerian 
roads. 

A popular formula for federal 
and state nylneriiil projects has 
been the construction of well-serv¬ 
iced estates, and some “ f ree zones” 
arc in preparation. 

There are few places not affect¬ 
ed by organizational problems, 
with inadequate water and power 
supplies and heavy dependence on 
foreign workers. 

With the burgeoning steel indus¬ 
try, which will facilitate general in¬ 
dustrial progress, the requirement 
for foragn workers is unusually 
high dining construction. But' 

^ gH m^^^^ gnen t sootwifta- 
production starts at the main blast 
furnace and rolling mOl complex 
at Ajaoknta. 

The first phase of the Ajaoknta 
project will cost 3.5 billion naira. 
Situated by the Niger River in 
Kwara state, Ajaoknta has had to 
be built from scratch. Much of the 
steel town is in place, a river port 
has been completed and founda¬ 
tions have been laid for many of 
the buildings. Water and power 
supplies are being made available 
and telecommunications are being 
installed. The first phase also in¬ 
volves building and staffing a me¬ 
tallurgical training institute. 

Like Abuja, Ajaokuta has be¬ 
come an international venture, 
with & wide variety of foreign firms 
participating in us construction. 
The Soviet firm Tiajpromexport is 
responsible far operations and ma¬ 
chinery, bm. the first stage of civil 
is bang handled by 
~ r est Goman fir ms ; a 


Dutch group built the river port. 

An tnmati firm of steel fWjffilHwitii 

has an important advisory and 
coo rdinating role, with experience 
from Soviet steel installations in 
India. 


long delayed, 

Russians were doubtful whether 
the Nigerians intended to proceed 
with the prqject as planned. But 
after a recent visit to the Soviet 
Ulrica, Steel Development Minis¬ 
ter Manxman AH Makde tbt 
many such difficu lties had been re¬ 
solved and that the Russians 
.would have no problem 
into Nigeria. 

The Ajaoknta Steel Co.’s general 
manager and chief executive, 
FJLC Ezemenari, sad that the 
first two rolling nrifis, using im¬ 
ported sted billets, wiQ be func¬ 
tioning in 1983. The full project 
may be approaching start-up in 
1985 but there are still problems. 

There have been delays in start¬ 
ing iron ore mining at Itakpe, near 
Ajaokuta, because of delays in fed¬ 
eral funding for the ore minify 
company. Another problem is 
posed by die noD-ovaOabafiQr of 
coking coal in Nigeria. A team of 
Soviet geologists and experts is to 
undertake studies in the hope of 
getting most of Ajaoknta’s raw 
material needs from the country. 

A railway from die opposite 
bank of the Niger, to fink up with 
die existing Makunfr-Port Har- 
court route, has been proposed, 
but it is still not confirmed dm* 
this win be the access route for 
Ajaoknta. The planners still have 
to decide how to bring about 
600,000 metric tons of equipment 
from Eastern Europe (mainly 
Czechosl o vakia and cast Germa¬ 
ny) to the site once it lands on Ni¬ 
gerian shares. 

—RICHARD SYNGE 


Airline Services Have Shown Sharp Growth 


D omestic air travel has 

grown in leaps and bounds 
during the last three years. Grow¬ 
ing affluen ce in the cities, the de¬ 
velopment of state capitals and the 
spread of professional and trading 
contacts around the country have 
provided the impetus for the ex¬ 
pansion of Nigeria Airways' ser¬ 
vices. 

Between 1978 and 1980, the air¬ 
line’s handling of passengers dou¬ 
bled from 3,500 a day to more 
than 7,000; by the first quarter of 
1981, the aMinc was handling 
9,000 a day at peak travel times. 
By the aid of 1981, it expects to 
have rarrfo i 2.7 nwlHn n p asseng ers 
in the year. Most of these wiQ have 
traveled within Nigeria. 

There are now airports in nearly 
aB the 19 states, domestic air. 
fares are low in comparison with 
those of other countries, although 
naturally much higher than local 
buses and trains. 


It is largely people cm business 
’ who do most of their traveling by 
air, but more families are also fly¬ 
ing on weekend trips. With the de¬ 
lays and dangers on Nigeria’s 
roads, where the accident rate is 
high, it is not surprising that more 
people are chooang to fiy. 

Changing Market 

The ahparts and airline authori¬ 
ties have had little time to adapt to 
the changing market. Nigeria Air¬ 
ways has to operate out of ram¬ 
shackle offices by the old Ikeja air¬ 
port. Despite its problems, it has 
just managed to keep pace with de¬ 
mand. The Nigerian Airports Au¬ 
thority has recently had large sums 
at its disposal and has comrais- 
sioned a series of "international 
airports” around the country, but 
the pace of construction has been 
slovrcr than hoped. Nevertheless, 
Fort Haxcotut now has a properly 


ftractioning international airport, 
wdxue Kaduna and Abuja will open 
theirs in a matter of months. 

Nigeria Airways has an insati¬ 
able de mand fra: new aircraft, and 
leases Six of its total fleet of about 
25 (several of which are out of ser¬ 
vice at any one time). It has at 
least eight new planes on order, in¬ 
cluding four Airbus A-310s, but 
delivery of most is not expected 
until 1983. The need forteasing 
has so far been filled exclusively 
by Air Tara, based in Shannon, 

Ireland, winch is providing five 
Boexng-737s for domestic use and 
one DC-10 for' international 

fli ghts 

KLMTeam 

Daring the last two years, the 
airline has been managpd mainly 
by a top-level KLM team from the 
Netherlands, which is expected to 
leave at the end of the year. The 


airline still seems to be considering 
whether to go it alone and is taking 
into account the continuing expan¬ 
sion and the need for aircraft 
maintenance. Much of this work 
will probably continue to be done 
by arrangement with Lufthansa 
and AerLmgns. 

Some senior government mem¬ 
bers feel th«t the airlin e manage¬ 
ment has not performed well dur¬ 
ing the last few years, and then 
are persistent rumors of the gov¬ 
ernment favoring the development 
of private in competition. 

- Employees Protest 

The local air transport employ¬ 
ees association recently protested 
competition to Nigeria Airways 
being proposed by three charter 
airlines — Inter Continental Air¬ 
lines, Central Airlines Kabo 
Tours. It claimed that Kabo Tours, 

(Continued on Page ITS) 




There are several navigable rivers in Nigeria, including the Niger, the Benue and the Goss. Extensive lagoons of the 
southern coastal area also play an important role in transportation and economic activity. 


In all walks of life 
in Nigeria... 

Mandilas 

is one step ahead 


m 

mandiias 

MANDILAS GROUP LIMITED 

Mandilas House, 96/102, Broad Street, 
P.O. Box 35, Lagos Nigeria. 

Telephone: 663220. Telex: 21383. 

Grams: MANDILAS. 


As Nigeria grows, so too does the Mandilas Group. National development goes hand in hand 
with our corporate diversification and expansion, into ail walks of Nigerian life. 


MANDILAS ENTERPRISES LIMITED 

—MOTOR DIVISION 

Volkswagen — Audi Sales, service parts. 

—AJRCONDmONING DIVISION 

Grrier distributors — sales and service. The No. 1 brand in Nigeria. 

—RENTAL DIVISION 

Hertz International licensee and the largest car hire service operator in Nigeria. 

NORMAN INDUSTRIES LIMITED 

A wholly-owned subsidiary manufacturing Gamer room air conditioners in Lagos. 

The company, established in 1972, was the first manufacturer of room air conditioners in Nigeria 
and Africa. 

MANDILAS TRAVEL LTD. 

Air/Sea bookings and tours. American Express representative. The acknowledged leader in travel 
in Nigeria. 

ELECTROLUX-MANDILAS LTD. 

A joint-venture with Electrolux, Sweden to assemble and distribute Electrolux domestic appliances. 

EDOK4ETER-MANDILAS LTD. 


for engineering construction projects - roads, water supply, dams, irrigation, airports and 
complete power stations. 


PHOENIX OF NIGERIA ASSURANCE CO. LTD. 

One of the giants in the insurance business in Nigeria. With branches in Warn, Port Harcourt, 

Ibadan, Aba, and through the Mandilas nation-wide network of Branches, Phoenix carries out all g 
classes of insurance. 


yiMwmvm miUCKlA LIU. 


A leading name in engineering consultancy. 

So you can see that when you’re thinking about business in Nigeria, you're thinking Mandiias. 

























INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, SEPTEMBER, 1981 


Page 17S 




-& !*.& .’ V 'V 

$m ‘'"m s ^1' s 


| * f V'# || * 


Substantial Expansion Is Noted in Area of Banking and Finance 


B a MV 10 j**tRT In the past, most banks awaited 

i'^NKJNG and fi n ance in Ni- the arrival of an ample supply of 
., h f? 1 ® 8 r 9 wn impressively customers rather than seeking 
■.Li m ? ease m revenues dur- them out in rural areas, 
mg the last decade. 

With a major injection of neve- Problems 

.nue expected during the next five It is in the commercial banking 
years as the nation's fourth devel- sector that some of the immediate 
opment plan (for 1981 to 1983) is handicaps of banking in Nigeria 
earned out, the prospects for are apparent: Service can be slow, 
bankers are better than ever. But checkbooks and credit cards are 
thearconduct will be closely guid- not generally trusted. Farther¬ 
ed. The authorities, and notably more, although the commercial 
the central bank, want the backing banks, by paying well, draw large 
*9' 5t ? n w respond to the needs erf proportions of Nigerians with «- 
development. pcnence in banking, the shortage 

. There «e20 commercial h anks of qualified manpower is felt 
m Nigeria, and several more have throughout much of the sector, 
applications pending government There are six merchant banks 
approval, in 1970, there were 14 operating in Nigeria, and as major 
teaks. Apart from the growth, projects are planned they expect 
rC . ve been significant their role in the economy to ex¬ 
changes in banking. For example, pand. 

the laws state now that no bank The government has taken mea- 
tea be wholly foreign-owned, but sures to prevent what had begun to 
those that were present about 20 appear as the duplication of roles 
years ago still dominate the bank- between the merchant and other 
mgsyston. banks. The merchant banks, for 

The number of branches has example, were often criticized for 
grown to more than 800 and under encroaching on areas that are nor¬ 
ths rural hanking prog r am | this mnll y those Of the Other h anks 
can be expected to increase rapidly One of the most spectacular ad- 
in the next two years. But in a vances in terms of numbers has in- 
oonnby with a population of about volved insurance companies, 
85 minion, 800 commercial h ank which in the last d ec a de have in- 
branches remains a small number, creased from 25 to 67. 


of qualified manpower is felt 
throughout much of the sector. 

There are six merchant banks 
operating in Nigeria, and as major 
projects are planned they expect 
their role in the economy to ex¬ 
pand. 

The government has taken mea¬ 
sures to prevent what had begun to 
appear as the duplication of roles 
between the merchant and other 
banks. The merchant banks, for 
example, were often criticized for 
encroaching on areas that are nor¬ 
mally those of the other banks. 

One of the most spectacular ad¬ 
vances in terms of numbers has in¬ 
volved insurance companies, 
which in the last decade nave in¬ 
creased from 25 to 67. 


There are 20 
commercial banks in 
Nigeria, compared 
with 14 in 1970 ■ and 
several more have 
applications pending. 
The number of 
branches has grown 
to more than 800. 


There are now four development 
banks, which, after a hesitant start, 
have been promised considerably 
higher funding under the fourth 
development plan. 

The money market operates at a 
relatively modest level, leading 
most financiers involved with Ni¬ 
geria to expect that this will be an 
area of great expansion in the next 
few years. The Lagos stock ex¬ 
change is dominated by govern¬ 
ment bonds, and it appears slugg¬ 
ish compared with Western stock 


exchanges. There were 7.138 trans¬ 
actions as of the end of 1980 val¬ 
ued at 389 million naira. 

Banking is seen by the authori¬ 
ties as a key to the rapid develop¬ 
ment and transformation of the 
economy. 

Through the central bank, com¬ 
mercial banking must respect 
guidelines — on interest rates and 
credit ceilings for example — in¬ 
tended to benefit sectors of the 
economy that otherwise would be 
neglected. 

Commercial and merchant 
banks have to commit at least 70 
percent of loans and advances to 
so-called preferred sectors at pref¬ 
erential interest rates. During the 
last 10 years — the guidelines were 
introduced in 1969 — commit¬ 
ments to the preferred sectors have 
more than doubled. Stiff penalties 
are imposed on those who exceed 
credit ceilings in the less-preferred 
sectors or who fall short in the pre¬ 
ferred sectors. They have to depos¬ 
it the equivalent of the excess or 
shortfall at no interest with the 
central bank, which redirects it to 
the Nigerian Agricultural and Co¬ 
operative Bank or to the Federal 
Mortgage Bank. Banks are also 
obliged to commit 70 percent of 
their credit to indigenous bor¬ 
rowers, 16 percent of which must 



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long been served by the privately 
owned Pan African Airlines and 
Bristow Helicopters. 

One state government airline. 


1 1 I ■ i f i . ii ii ■ l l ' l 1 ' I 11 "I 


into. Hr capitals is diffi- f “ 

jit to predict. —1 riiaktc 


for Lagos. It significantly eased though Abuja may become a cen- 

j*#r_” e _ . _ .. vr:_rrol noirtf frw fKmio rtmonrimte 1K0 


difficulties for visitors to Nigeria tra ^ point for flying operations, the 
and maHr i|ip domestic flights bulk of the traffic will still go 


go to Nigerian-owned small-scale 
enterprises. 

The rural h anking program was 
set up for geographical diversifica¬ 
tion and to improve loans to rural 
areas. Among other dii^g*, the 
program required banks to open 
260 branches throughout the coun¬ 
try by the end of 1983. Depending 
oh the size of the h ank, the central 
bank allocates the number of 
branches it must open. 

Although bankers do not object 
to the principle, they have criti¬ 
cized the rural program, citing, for 
example, the cost of running a 
bank in some small towns where 
depositors might be of relatively 
low income and the exacerbation 
of the manpower shortage. 

The central bank also runs the 
Agriculture Credit - Guarantee 
Scheme, established in 1977, which 
essentially covers commercial 
banks for up to 75 percent of loss¬ 
es on loans and advances to the 
agricultural sector. As an incentive 
to the commercial hank* it Is con¬ 
sidered successful, but the govern¬ 


ment hopes that some day credit to 
agriculture will not require such a 
government cushion. 

The role of the central h ank in 
commercial banking is dearly 
strong and vital. What is a tittle 
less clear is its position in relation 
to the other financial authorities, 
notably the Ministry of Finance. 
Its role there may be best de¬ 
scribed as consultative. A number 
of decree s by the former military 
governments gradually eroded the 
power of the central h ank. Some 
feel that the erosion has impeded 
its capacity to act on crucial issues, 
and the government is gradually 
obtaining closer cooperation 
among the leading financia l au¬ 
thorities. 

There will be further change in 
the direction and structure of the 
finandal system in the next decade 
because of changes in the economy 
and also because to a certain ex¬ 
tent the authorities are forced to 
experiment in order to arrive at a 
finandal system that fits the na¬ 
tion's needs. 











FLYING buttresses adorn Holy Cross Cathedral in Lagos. 


While Nigeria Airways has been more m a n ageable. Two years later, through Lagos. 


Delta Airlines of Rivers Slate, re- able to keep the majority of flights however, it is not working as well 


— RICHARD SYNGE 


Glanvill Enthoven Group 

Members of the Nigerian Corporation of Insurance Brokers ■ 


Glanvill Enthoven & Co. (Nigeria) 

Glanvill Enthoven Reinsurance Brokers 
Glanvill Enthoven Life & Pension Consultants 


Insurance and 

Reinsurance Brokers 

Life arid Pensions Consultants 


Head Office: 

P.M. Box 2273, 14th Floor, Western House, 8/10 Broad Street, Lagos. 
Telephones: 651 595 635572. 

Ibadan, Akure, Abeokuta, and Port Harcourt. 


London: 

144, Leadenhall Street, London, EC3P 3BJ. 
Telephone: 01-283 4622. 


And at Lloyds. 


In Africa since 1852 



We are part of the BIAO Group, 
affiliated to Union Bank of Switzerland 
and Banco do Brasil, present 
in 13 West African countries 


In PARIS contact: 

BANQUE INTERNATIONALE 
POUR L’AFRIQUE OCCIDENTALE 

9, avenue de Messine - PARIS 8 e 
Telex: BAFRI 650339F 


INTERNATIONAL BANK 
FOR WEST AFRICA 
LIMITED 


28 BRANCHES IN NIGERIA 


In LONDON contact: 

BANQUE FRANCAISE DE CREDIT 
INTERNATIONAL Ltd. 

41 Eastcheap 
LONDON EC3M 18 X 
Telex: 884031 BAFRIC LONDON 


In LAGOS our address is: 
94, Broad Street 
PM Bag 12021 
LAGOS, Nigeria 
TOSphone: 632961/657535 
T&lex: 21345 IBWA NG 


““i <; i« . \' /■ /v t 





















































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V- •#** 







'T’HE DRIFT from rural to ur- 
X ban areas in Nigeria has 
reached the pomt of - «4«« While 
detracting from agricultural pro¬ 
duction, the parasitic — rather 
than generative — nature of em¬ 
ployment found in the cities has 
nan a deleteri ous effect on the 
eco n omy, and. an increasingly 
troublesome rffM on the balance 
within each conmnmity. 

The rocketing crime rate and de¬ 
teriorating health status in cities - 
such as Lagos and Ibadan are 
symptoms of an epidemic that if 
caught early enough could have 
been treated, but which is now 
practically hnmnne to any farm of 
medicati on, admini st rative or leg¬ 
islative. 

Most developing countries are 


js£ 


■■V \ r / 



Over the years First Bank has assisted in the 
development of business from retail and 
distributive trades to the acquisition and 
management of large factories by successful 
businessmen. 

First Bank, with many branches all over the 
country, offers the benefit of its experience 
in overseas business transactions and friendly 



ESTABLISHED I8M 


advisory service to businessmen throughout 
the country. 

Helping the business sector to grow, en¬ 
couraging and co - operating with every 
businessman is a task which the First Bank 
has set itself. 

Afterall we are the expert in banking business 


FIRST BANK 

OF NIGERIA LIMITED 


Expert Banking By The Leader 


experiencing similar sooo-cco- 
nonric change, though not quite to 
the same degree. In broad tarns, 
Nigeria has 25 percent of the black 
tropical African peculation. It also 
has 38 percent of the city dweDers. 
la short, it is a le ader in urbaniza¬ 
tion. which with the impending 
freedom of movement in 
ECOWAS (Economic Commnnity 
of West African States), may con¬ 
tinue unabated. 

IVHc and Honey 

Nigeria's wealth malccs it the 
proverbial land of milk and hooey 
to the inhabitants of many neigh¬ 
boring states, whose economies do 
not provide the opportunities 
found in many of Nigeria’s dries. 
Agege, far example, on the 
outskirts of Lagos, is a Ghanian 
stronghold, while the slum areas of 
Obalende an the otherwise exclu¬ 
sive Ikoyi Island have a strong 
Beruncds presence. 

But it is from the rural areas of 
Nigeria that the majority of the 
new urban dwdkxs have come and 
on whose shoulders the new, rather 
tense society is being bmlL Their 
Exiles with hometown or village of 
origin r e mai n strong—too strong, 
perhaps, for the ec o no m y to sus¬ 
tain the mo vement 

The new urban dwellers are 
mainly young adults, who regular¬ 
ly remit a pe rcen tage of their earn¬ 
ings to the family, thus depriving 
the urban areas of much-needed 
in vestm ent, while at the .««m» time 
reducing the agricultural produc¬ 
tion in the rural areas l- 

Manyvffiage households depend 
OU remittances for nnwwtenarir» 
The remittance system therefore 
has made it possible for large num¬ 
bers of people Irving in the rural 
areas to benefit from the develop¬ 
ment and growth of urban econo¬ 
mies, enjoying a higher standard of 
living, at the expense of agricul¬ 
ture. 

Lacks Productivity 

Equally serious is the nature of 
much of the urba n employment: 
Often there is ride productive 
about it. Taking the form of “sec¬ 
ondary trading, it is parasitic, and 


fails to impart any new impetus to 
the economy. 

With only a fraction of the city 
papulations aearing'the revenue 
from which services for so maiyr 
others have to be provided, it is 
easy to appreciate why urban faril- £ 
ities are over-used and why the \j 
standards and efficiency of urban 
services are low. 

Urban management is difficult: 
Property rates, income taxes and 
other small taxes all provide reve- , 
mie. but they are difficult to col- : 
led when an area mushrooms. 

Dual Leadership 

The origins of Lagos lie in fann¬ 
ing. The early Yoiuba settlement » 
in the 17th century was in what is I 
now Ebute-Mctta (on the main- J 
land), which then developed into j 
Iddo Island for defensive reasons a 
during mter-Yoruba hostilitcs, and ~ 
Lagos Islan d became the farmland 
for the community. The indi¬ 
genous name for Lagos, Eko, is- 
thought by some to derive from ' 
“oko” then the Yoruba word for 1 
“farm.” Little resemblance re- I 

main,* , > 

From those early settlements, : 
cities Eke Lagos developed. Super- ! 
vision came from the traditional [ 
rulers, whose jurisdictions spread j 
over rural areas. Today, the tradi- j 
denial rulers have lost few of their 3 
powers, and thus there is a dual j 
leadership. | 

The negative- influence of this | 
dual leadership, coupled with the | 
rather discrimmatoiy attitude of s 
long-time residents toward the jj 
newly arrived immigrant, has a do- c 
bllitalting effect. j 

The inner urban areas in Britain j 
erupted under tlK pressures of ten- j 
si on and deprivation this summer, i 
and there have been similar out- j 
breaks of violence in some of Ni¬ 
geria’s cities. People can accept a, 
certain amount of living atop one 
another, but when conditions de¬ 
teriorate, the pot can boil all too 
easily. 

Increasing Danger 

In some of Nigeria’s larger ur¬ 
ban areas, the lack of effective 
planning and the dearth of facili¬ 
ties and amenities rep r es en t an in¬ 
creasing danger. 

A way must be found to curtail 
the influx to these areas. Several i 
cities reached the saturation point | 
marry years ago. Yet with universal j 
primary education and a high per-j 
centage of children gr aduating into; 
secondary education, the outlook 
for reducing urban migration is. 
notgood. 

The difficulties of creating em¬ 
ployment opportunities fast 
e no ugh to keep pace with the aspi¬ 
rations of an educated population 
may prove to be a real “Catch 22" 
in the development of the nation. 

—BRYAN PEARSON 



2 









MOSLEMS gather for prayer at mosque in Sokoto, 
in northern Nigeria. 

























-Heralb 


EVTEHNMIONALi 



ffinbunc 


PiildliJml with TIm* Nrw M>rk Timo*, iiikI T1k* Wwliliieiim IW 
F8gel9 Tuesday, September 15,1981 ** 

Dollar Declines as Reserve 

IMF Sceys Major Currencies Gained Over U.S. Unit 


BUSENESS/FlNANCE 


New OTC Methods Sweden to Devalue Krona 

Upset N.Y. Brokers Economy Plan Calls for Price Freeze, Spending Cuts 


Roam 

WASHINGTON — The US. 
dollar, despite its surge in value on 
foreign exchange markets, contin¬ 
ues to decline m importance as a 
foreign exchange reserve, the Inter¬ 
national Monetary Fund has 
found. 

In its annual report, released 
over the weekend, and in a fol¬ 
lowup briefing on the report, the 
IMF said, “the share of the US. 
dollar in the value of foreign ex¬ 
change reserves identified by cur¬ 
rency continued its decline from a 
peak of 87 percent in 1976, to 59 
percent by the end of 1980." 

It said the dollar’s share declin¬ 
ed because holdings of dollars 
grew by the equivalent of II bil¬ 
lion special drawing rights (the 
IMPs monetary unit) while hold¬ 
ings of other principal non-dollar 
currencies increased 19 billion 
SDRs. 

“Holdings of Deutsche marks, 


the Swiss franc and the Japanese 
yen increased as a proportion of 
total reserves,” the IMF said. 
“While the shares of the French 
franc and the Netherlands guilder 
rose marginally, the pound setting 
reversed the trend toward a declin¬ 
ing share evident through 1978 and 
increased its proportion.’' 

Specifically, the yen's share rose 
to 3.2 percent in 1980 from 2.6 per¬ 
cent the year before, the Deutsche 
mark grew to 12.1 percent from 
10.3 percent and the pound rose to 
2.6perceat from 1.9 percent. 

Toe fund said the Swiss franc’s 
share rose to 3.5 percent in 1980 
from 2.9 percent in 1979, the per¬ 
centage of European currency 
units grew to 17.8 percent from 
14.6 percent, French francs in¬ 
creased to 1.1 percent from 0.9 
percent and Dutch guilders rose to 
OJBpercem from O.opercent. 

The IMF also said it expects the 
current account deficit of the in¬ 


dustrial countries to narrow to jzv 
billion is 1981 from 544.1 billion 
in 1980. 

Staff projections show the cur¬ 
rent account 1981 surplus of the 
o0 exporting countries will also 
fall, to S96 TnUion from a record 
SI12Jbilliaam 198Q. 

The current account defiat for 
the non-oil developing countries, 
on the other hand, sbo’dH rise to 
$97 billion this year from $82.1 bil¬ 
lion in 1980, the IMF said. - 

The IMF said the smaller sur¬ 
plus of the oil producers and the 
smaller deficit for the industrial 
countries wiD reflect “rapid in¬ 
creases in imports of the oil ex¬ 
porters and further declines in the 
volume of their exports.” 

The fund <a»d the increase in the 
deficit of non-oil developing coun- . 
tries should occur because their 
economies will not grow rapidly 
enough to cover the cost of their 
imports. 


By Michael Quint 

New YorkTbna Service 

NEW YORK—The over-the-counter stock tbat bound¬ 

less arena where Securitas of as many as lOjDOO companies are 
traded duly by telephone rather than on the flow of an «w*iaT>g* 
is ta kin g steps toward combining trading infamnitin n w'th thp 
major stock e x c h ang e s. The prospect is already ™irm£ some seen-* 
rities dealers nervous. 

A natio nal m arket system linking the over-the-counter nmfcca 
wth the bjgger tat slower growing exchanges is probably years 
away, tat for stocks of 50 larger co m pani es m the over-the-coun¬ 
ter market, the changes wiD begin to emerge tie** February. Start¬ 
ing t h en, stock quotations for those 50 companies will snow the 
opening, high, low and last price of the day's trades, along with . 
the volume and closing bid and asked prices. Currently, only the 
volume and dosing bid and a s k ed prices are published. 

“We are entering never-never land in the over-the-counter mar¬ 
ket,” said.Morton Weiss, president of the National Security Trad¬ 
ers Associati o n. “Nobody knows what the disclosure of prices will 
mean,” he added, “but there is concern that it could mean lower 
profits for Che firms who "wkf nwitrtt, which could encourage 
them to drop the activity.” 

At the exc hange s, such as the New York Stock Exchange or the 
American Stock Exchange, the “trade tape” was a natural devd- 
(Continued on Page 21, CoL 5) 


BUSINESS NEWS BRIEFS U.S. Officials Reject Credit Curbs 


Bank of England Acts to Boost Rates 

Reuters 

LONDON — The Bank of England raised its short-term interest rates 
sharply Monday, si gnaling higher rates for the whole economy and giv¬ 
ing a boost to the ailing pound on foreign exchange markets. 

The tightening of monetary policy was signaled when the Bank of 
England lent £79 million to money market discount houses at an over¬ 
night rate of 13% percent This was a rise of about 1-5 percentage points 
from last week. 

Olivetti Says Sales Up 23.8% in 1st Half 

From Agency Dispatches 

IVREA, Italy — Olivetti said Monday that consolidated group sales 
rose 23.8 percent to 1.19 trillion fire (S985 million), in the first half of 
1981 from the first half of 1980. 

Parent company turnover rose 26.6 percent, to 659 billion lire, in the 
same period. The board said that profits for both the patent company 
and the group were “considerably” higher than in the first half of 1980. 

Ford Flans Major European Investment 

AP-Daw Jones 

PARIS — Ford Motor wiD invest the equivalent of 5 billion French 
francs (5867 million) in its European factories over the next five years, 
Rudolph Boniface, president of Ford France, said Monday. 

He said Ford was satisfied with its European sales performance. The 
company’s market share is 123 percent, op 8 percent from a year ago. 

VW WW. Not Close Triumph-Adler Plant 

AP-Dow Jones 

BONN — Volkswagen has changed its plans to dose a plant ran by 
one of its riling divisions, despite a reported loss in the carmaker’s sec¬ 
ond quarter. 

Trimnpb-Adler, an office machine maker owned by VW, said Monday 
that a plan to dose its Frankfurt plant immediately with a loss of 2,800 
jobs has been dropped. Instead, the company will maintain the plant, 
although cutting 1,600 jobs at the plant over the next 18 months and a 
further700jobs elsewhere in West Germany. 

Siemens Forms Industrial Robot Company 

AP-Dow Jones 

MUNICH — Siemens, West Germany’s largest electrical and electron¬ 
ics group in sales, has established a new subsidiary company for the 
development, production and sales of industrial robots. 

The company will be called Mantec Gcsdlschaft fuer Automaria- 
erungs imd Handhabungsysteme, Siemens said. The robots offered by 
Mantec wfll perform industrial assembly functions and operate machine 
tools, according to the company. 

ITT in Talks on Sale of Subsidiary 

Reuters 

NEW YORK — International Telephone & Telegraph said Monday 
that talks are being bdd with a number of companies for the possible 
sale of ITT Rayonier, a forest products subsidiary with 1980 sales of 
5750 million. 


From Agency Dispatches 

WASHINGTON — U.S. govern¬ 
ment officials Monday came out 
strongly against the use of credit 
controls as a means of dealing with 
high interest rales. 

Treasury Secretary Donald T. 
Regan said that cre di t controls 
were not the answer to hi gh inter¬ 
est rales, and Murray L. Wdden 
baum, chairman of the Council of 
Economic Advisers, said the ad¬ 
ministration would not impose any 
type of credit restraints and does 
not- expect Congress to do so ei¬ 
ther. 

Credit controls “have never 
worked and would not work in tins 
instance,” Mr. Regan said in a 
speech in Indianapolis. 

And Mr. Wridcnbaum, ques¬ 
tioned in Washington, said, “We 
don’t believe in credit controls or 
wage controls, that is not the route 
we are taking.” Asked if President 
Reagan would veto such legisla¬ 
tion if Congress passed it, Mr. 
Weidenbaum replied, “I don't 
think it’s gang to get that far.” 

Some Republican members of 
Congress last week suggested im¬ 
posing some type of credit con¬ 
trols. 

Mr. Weidenbaum also said there 
is evidence of “significant reduc¬ 
tions in interest rates in the past 
several months.” He cited a drop 
in the federal funds rate from 19.9 
percent in July to 16-5 percent last 
week as evidence erf the slow down. 

He also noted a one point drop 
in the Treasury bill rate. “This is 
factual evidence of moderation of 
the steep interest rate situation,” 
he told a group erf bankers. 

Mr. Regan, in a second speech 
in Michigan, chw^ ti jpd the finan¬ 
cial markets for overreacting to 
weekly money supply reports from 
the Federal Reserve. 

The market’s jittery behavior 
“has no basis in any real event in 
the economy,” he smd, and the at¬ 
tention devoted to the weekly 
money supply figures is “mis¬ 
placed.” 


Mr. Regan also rejected as 
“simplistic” suggestions the 
markets are nervous about reports 
that the fiscal 1982 deficit wfll be 
higher than projected by the ad¬ 
ministration. 

He said tbat the Federal Resave 
Board “is not suddenly going to re¬ 
verse policy and threaten a new 
round of inflation,” saying there 
wfll be “continuing and, I believe, 
successful efforts to sustain money 
growth rates at non-inflationary 
levels on a steady basis, paving the 
way for steady declines in inflation 
and interest rates.” 


Monday night, said that financial 
realities have changed since the 
1930s while many regulations from 
that era, such as the Glass-SteagaD 
Act, have not. He said such regula¬ 
tions as Giass-SteagfaD. which bars 
commercial b anks from most areas 
of the securities business, “don’t 
make sense now ” 



Donald T. Regan 

controls have never workect 


From Agency Dispatches 

STOCKHOLM — The Swedish 
government devalued the krona by 
10 percent, froze prices and an¬ 
nounced a 6-bflHon-kzona (51.2- 
billion) program of spending cuts 
Monday in a package of measures 
aimed at strengthening the sagging 
economy aT| d improving export 
competitiveness. 

in addition, the tmtirty mi value- 
added tax will be reduced to 20 
percent from 23.46 percent begin¬ 
ning in November as a concession 
to beleaguered industry. 

The announcement came at a 
time tbat the minority center-liber¬ 
al government of Premier 
Thorbjbm FUldin has been under 
heavy pressure to restore the com¬ 
petitive position of Swedish indus¬ 
try and stimulate exports. 

Heavy government borrowing 
abroad, high inflation and a de¬ 
cline in Sweden’s share of interna¬ 
tional markets in the past years 
have weakened its economy. 
Fla gging production, swelling im¬ 
ports, slackening investment and 
gaping deficits have become part 
of the nation’s economic land¬ 
scape. 

Lower Prices Urged 

The devaluation wfll be against 
a basket of 15 currencies most im¬ 
portant to Sweden’s trade, the gov¬ 
ernment said. The makeup of that 
basket will remain unchanged. The 
krona was last devalued in August, 
1977, also by 10 percent. 

“It is important that the export 
industries maW*- use of the devalua¬ 
tion and lower their prices in order 
to regain lost market shares,” Mr. 
Fall dm told a news conference. 

Asked if he thought the devalua¬ 
tion in Sweden would trigger a 
wave of devaluations in Europe, 
Mr. Fafldin said: “No. I don’t 
think the strong West European 
economies see Sweden as a guiding 
star.” Officials in Finland, Norway 
and Denmark said those countries 
would not follow Sweden’s exam¬ 
ple. 

Asked what impact the devalua¬ 
tion would have on Sweden’s trade 


signed to combat inflation , which 
is forecast at around 13.5 percent 
this year, one of the highest rates 

in Europe. 

Cuts in military expenditures, 
allocations to local g o ve rnm ent 
and reduced MmpwnMijftn for in¬ 
flation for retirees wfll be brought 
forward to Jan. 1 under the plan. 

About 600 million kronor will 
be set asade in a bid to create 
about 35,000 jobs. Unemployment 
stands at 2-6 percent. 

In Brussels, exchange dealers 
said the Swedish devaluation may 
add to press ure, for realignment of 
in the European. Mone- 



The devaluation can be expected 
to boost the Deutsche mark at a 
time many dealers thinir it is un¬ 
dervalued against weaker. EMS 
currencies, they said. 

The krona was t rading on the 
weaker side of its currency basket 
following the devaluation. Swe¬ 
den's central bank was said to be 
jptw van i ng in the market. 


Tborfajorn FaDdm 

...Moves to aid economy 


Prices on Wall Street Slip 
Despite Cut in Bank Rate 


Kuwait Says OPEC Trying 
To Unify Prices Informally 


U.S. Steel Prices Face European Challenge 


Sen- York Times Stmor 

NEW YORK — A top Common 
Market official is expected to press 
the Co mm e rce Department this 
week to let European producers 
sell steel in the United States at 
prices below the official import, or 
trigger, price. 

Many industry and government 
•ounces believe Viscount Etienne 
Davqmon, industrial commission¬ 
er of the European Economic 
Community, wfll argue that the 
currency markets’ trod has made 
ii possible for Europeans to sell 
steel in the United States more 
cheaply. 


government sources that Mr. Da- 
vignon’s proposals wfll be given se¬ 
rious consideration. 

“Everyone is saying that some¬ 
thing has to be done,” said John 
Corey, manager of international 
analysis at Armco, a major U.S. 
steel company. “The go ve r n m ent 
is making a very credible effort to 
enforce trigger pricing. But, given 
what has happened in the market, 
a best effort isn’t enough." 

The trigger price was intended 
to prevent foreign producers from 
selling steel in the United States 
for less than its production cost 
The trigger price is based on the 


ducers export she*.sted to the their desire to keep it strong. 

fOTUSebythe OPEC, sources havc the 

Imports of many products used J*™** members 

by theauto industry increased by arc aimed at reaching a compro- 
50JXX) to 60,000 ions a month in 

the second quarter, according to 9 PEC L "W meet in special ses- 
Mr. Corey of Armco. 51011 ahead of *** Abu Dhabi talks. 

The Commerce Department Has In Jakarta, Indonesian Oil Min- 
received several complaints about ixter Subroto, who is also OPEC 
foreign producers selling under the president, welcomed moves for an 
trigger price and is considering in- ministerial meeting prior to the 
vestjgating them, a department of- Abu Dhabi session, 
ftdal said. He declined to say He said such a meeting could 
whether the companies ~were Euro- pave the way for a successful Abu 
pean. Dhabi conference. 


Reuters 

KUWAIT — OPEC countries 
are discussing to unify prices after 
oil ministers fafled-40 do- so at 
emergency talks last month in Ge¬ 
neva, Kuwait government spokes¬ 
man Abdol-Aziz Hussein said 
Monday. 

He told reporters after a Cabi¬ 
net meeting that “consultations are 
going on between OPEC members 
to discuss the possibility of unify¬ 
ing prices and ending the current 
divergences." 

Kuwaiti Oil Minister AJi Khali¬ 
fa al-Sabah said last week that he 
did not rule out the possibility of a 
special meeting of the Organiza¬ 
tion of Petroleum Exporting Coun¬ 
tries before the next scheduled ses¬ 
sion in Abu Dhabi on Dec. 10. 

Mr. Hussein, who did not men¬ 
tion any meetings, said he does not 
believe the present pricing differ¬ 
ences threaten OPEC because 
member states are unanimous in 
their desire to keep it strong. 

OPEC sources have said the 
consultations between members 
are aimed at reaching a compro¬ 
mise and if a deal were struck. 
OPEC might meet in special ses¬ 
sion ahead of the Abu Dhabi talks. 

In Jakarta, Indonesian CXI Min¬ 
ister Subroto, who is also OPEC 


In a response to the current oil 
glut, Indonesia last week lowered 
its prices of six types of crude oil 
between 20 to S0u cents a band but 
maintained the price erf its"bench¬ 
mark Minas at $35 a barreL 
Tbe minister said the decision 
was taken to prevent possible loss¬ 
es and aimed at improving sales. 
Industry sources said inventories 
of the affected crudes were “ex¬ 
tremely high” and the price cuts 
are expected to help move the 
stockpiled rat 


between 15 billion kronor and 20 
billion kronor in the red. But with¬ 
out it we would have fared a lot 
worse." 

The jwrkogg needs the support 
of the Conservative Party to gain 
parliamentary approval. The gov¬ 
ernment parties together with the 
Conservatives command & one- 
vote majority in the Riksdag (par¬ 
liament) overthe leftists headed by 
the Social Danocrats. 

Industrialis ts, economists and 
bankers said that while die cheaper 
knma wfll hdp exports, it wfll raise 
the price of imported crude oil and 
other products, thus adding to in¬ 
flation. 

The government said the price 
freeze, in effect from now until 
Jan. 1, and the cat in VAT are de- 


_ From Agency Dispatches 

NEW YORK —- Disappoint¬ 
ment over President Reagan's 
umaliftr ilwm yypflcfftd c u t s in de¬ 
fense spending sent prices on the 
New York Stock Exchange lower 
Monday, despite a cut in the prime 
rate by a nuy or bank. 

The Dow Jones industrial aver¬ 
age opened higher bat quickly 
turned down, falling as much as 
eight points and dosing off 6.66 at 
866.15. 

Declines led advances, 940-580, 
among the 1,895 issues traded, and 
NYSE volume declined to 34.04 
ntilBrm shares from the 42.17 mil¬ 
lion Friday. 

The bond market, winch has 
been blitzed this year by high in¬ 
terest rates and government spend- - 
mg, was sharply lower. 

Many traders were disturbed 
that President Reagan over the 
weekend proposed only a $13 bil¬ 
lion cut m defense spending over . 
three years when the investment 
community was ex p e cti ng a more 
substantial trimming in order to 
prevent a credit crunch soon. 

Crocker National Bank and sev¬ 
eral small banks lowered their 
prime rate early in the day to 20 
percent from am percent. Marine 
Midland Bank, Chase Manhattan 
and First National. Bank of Chica¬ 
go took that step last week. . 

The most active NYSE issue was 
RCA at 1916, off %, with a block 

Markets Closed 

Stock mark ets in Switzerland 
and all financial markets in Hong 
Kong were dosed Monday due to 
hoHdays. 


of 887300 shares trading at I9W. 
RCA is reorganizing its entertain¬ 
ment division and Monday an¬ 
nounced the sale of a Man hattan 
b uilding owned by its CTT finan¬ 
cial subsidiary for 590 million. 

The Commerce Department re¬ 
ported Monday that UJL invento¬ 
ries rose 1.1 percent to $499 52 bil¬ 
lion in July. The gam followed an 
0.8-percent increase in June and 
left inventories'7 percent higher 
than a year earlier. 

the dollar fell sharply against 
major world currencies, driven 
lower mainly by a drop in short¬ 
term UiL interest rates. Gold 
dosed up 51 at $450.50 an ounce. 

The dollar was trading at 23763 
Deutsche marks, down from 
2.4045; Z0340 Swiss francs, down 
from 2.0635; and 5.6965 French 
francs, down from 5.7750. A Brit¬ 
ish pound cost 51.79475, up from 
$1.7830. 


ARGENTINE 

REPUBLIC 

EXTHtNAL UJL $ BONDS | 

THE WESTON GROUP 

makes a market 
in all series 

Enquiries to: 

8002 ZURICH Stodwntr. 10. 
Tdex: 53711. Ttit 20113 SO. 
PANAMA 5, RJ*. 

Vie Banna, 200 - 7” pfao 
Tx_- 368636. Td_- 23-53 80. 


)habi conference. 


The struggle over trigger prices production costs of Japanese steel- 
has become increasingly heated m makers, generally accepted as the 
the past two months. The Euro- most efficient, 
peans are flatly challenging the The European producers con- 
irigger price mechanism, the tend, according to a Belgian ex- 
Americans are scrambling to com- porter, (hat the strong dollar has 
pete with the Europeans in a de- [^red the price of steel in their 


_ CURRENCY RATES 

Interbank exchange rates for Sept. 14,1981, excluding bank service charges. 


lowered the price of steel in their 


dining sted market and the Japa- home markets and has made it 


ncse are threatening retaliation if 
the Europeans get special consid¬ 
eration. 

OS. steel executives are not 
willing to say that the trigger price 
should be lowered, but there is 
some reeling among industry and 

Swiss Trade Deficit 
Widens Last Month 

Rrmers 

BERN — Switzerland's trade 
deficit widened to 990.6 million 
francs <5480.5 million) in August 
from 506.6 million francs in July, 
the federal government said Mon¬ 
day. In August last year the deficit 
was 1,01 billion francs. 

Imports were 4.52 billion francs 
in August, while exports were 3_53 
bfllion francs, the office said. In 
the first eight months, the trade 
deficit narrowed by 1.95 billion 
francs to 5.36 billion compared 
with the year-ago period. 


possible to sell steel in the United 
States at less titan the trigger price. 

SUpping Costs 

One of the options being consid¬ 
ered by the Commerce Depart¬ 
ment, according to a government 
source, is to give European sted 
producers a price concession on 
their transportation costs to the 
Great Lakes region. 

Shipping expenses are calculat¬ 
ed on me basis of what it costs the 
Japanese; but shipping distances 
for the Europeans are shorter. 

Other proposals are to allow 
some European producers to sell at 
5 percent under the trigger price or 
simply to lower the trigger price 
for sted shipped into the Great 
Lakes region. 

U.S. producers, according to an 
industry source, contend that the 
Europeans are already selling steel 
at 5100 under the trigger price. 

Most of the European sted pro- 


f c 

ZAZIS A45B 

tun esoes 

UM2 *35 

IJW7 - 

UH» XYUM 

- MMS 

UK H.NU 
Z JOt 1*U3 
low uni 


ojw. rr. irjL c 

1WU0* 44JP- 03357 

!«JS *1237 024* 

- *135* lWx 

0*12 103345 2J4M7 

SM52 210.13 - 

<U233 0117* 03341* I 

JWI* - *J3t» 

*SJ0- 3X57* 1WW 

2ASM UM 135325 

Dollar Values 

Beet*. e " v ™ tv UAl 
0J43S hnWIIMHl HAS 


xsm Kuwaiti dinar 02*41 
BZZ cun— » 1JS1S BAZZ MaWr. riant It Z3*» ODiot imwnmm m 
oa BmltfWwn 7ASS 0.1*7 Narw.fcrnm IMPS 0.17* SmnWMikrona Sr 

nn FkwWnnark ASTI HA. nfl.PW NA HA. Trtwanl I 

Ite* OrvnkeradmM IMS MSB Patncm 4&SS* NA. naibMt I 

and HmKml CtOMti 12734 SaWrim 3A2 ' 03723 UALdMn 3 

A MAC NA. OJ7T3 UJL 1.1313 

H W rtfcw u LUC Irtth L 

(at ConviMrciolfnaiibAl Amounts needed to teflr am Pound.!*) UnRsonOMxj Units o< MOO. 


OUr. t BP. s P. OJC 

- *3*7* 12VA1- 3X34* 

UJO - WJU1 531* 

HUS* *.112* 117.10* 3UB* 
4J13 0J4S U» 1X3547 

43*42 3UP3 9BLM 1*1.10 

13827 1BH CL4T74 11254 

21735- 1*4*35* 3*140- 71SZ* 

77.17* 53055* - NA.* 

23442 40*7*4 111* 7ja5B 


■OOW. T U5I 

04*35 —PU*» 5 2.1575 

U443 S. Africa, road 03557 
HA. IKoranawoi NA. 
OHIO* IMMHHH MAM 
117* Tonal Ik krona S»W 
NA. Taiwan 1 NA. 
HA. IMbMt MA. 

02723 lULLOtM 3473 


U.S. $75,000,000 

Transamerica Financial Corporation N.Y 

7% Notes due September 3, 1986 
with Warrants to purchase 
U.S. $150,000,000 

Zero Coupon Debentures due September 3, 1991 

AU Notes and Debentures are unconditionally guaranteed by 

Transamerica Financial Corporation 


BEAT INFLATION GUARANTEED 


Morgan Guaranty Ltd 


Amro International Limited 


Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas 
Credit Suisse First Boston Limited 



Europe’s leading management and 
charter company for business jets. 

JTJET T/OA/ 

miifjarjE _/£=■/■ 

S05& Zurich Airport Tel. X - S14 20 02 24 hre. Tdc* 59820 pjet ch 


Wo offer toroi dapo»it accounts which 
produce maximum i nterest white at the *""*Alr |< 
same time giving flexfcMy of ehofee _____. 
and absolute security far your money, rtjtllh (Sf 
Kmp what you have earned and beat _ /vl 
inflation with the faflenring i n tere s t rates. iK*| AK. (I 

Guaranteed. 


NET RETURN 

* Minimum deposit equivalent 
£ 200 . 

* Witndniwsds in any amount can be ef¬ 
fected on maturity rf the cvwed nation. 

* Interest paid or aeefited half ready. 

* Amounts quoted one based aa 1 year 
fixed time d ep oals. 

* AB interest paid a net and without de¬ 
ductions (taxes, etc.) at souks. 

* Al tnmoc&ni confiden tia l 

* Depoats act u n ao n d M o n o B y gu u ia nteud . 

WMe to Mar sxf et far farther infemefun. 


PESETA*-., 19 % 

DOliAK (U-S-) 18 , 50 % 
simiNGffl 15 , 75 % 
m»K(M 417 , 50 % 
nunc <d—*) 12 , 75 % 
HMNC(Mh) 7 % 


Bamque Nationale de Paris Credit Suisse First Boston Limited 

Goldman Sachs International Corp. Morgan Grenfell & Co. Limited 

The Nikko Securities Co., (Europe) Ltd. . Salomon Brothers International 


Semite BaMns Sadaty 

•a he 361. UBiii4k. 

TeLi 72540. Totem 22*7 STUBS OK 


Societe Gen£rale 


Societe G£n£rale de Banqce S.A. 


September 4,1981 


Swiss Bank Corporation International Limited 


AU of these securities hare been sold. TJus announcement appears as a matter of record only . 













Page 20 


INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15,1981 


U.S. COMMODITY PRICES 


*2% 391* 
37*. 24 
34% 21H 
25 II* 
MU. 23% 
21 
57% 

®% 


24% 

27 U. 23 
1»% 19% 
in 13 % 
TDK 44 U. 
**% 59% 
31% 24 

ffit 

33 % am 

24% l«Vi 

T*h 1M 


2-3 TD 
43 1 
U» 

9.1 ■ 

4.1 a 
IjB w 
SJ» 

U B 

13 7 

4 4 
49 5 
4-4 9 
99 4 
4.1 5 
U 
42 4 
7J 
13.9 44 
29 T9 1132 
If 9 Si 
22 39 294 
5929 298 
2 7 129 
15L 
3224 


OM High Low Sgm* om. j 

& . . asssssfis =s' 

XL 5090 —20 

Pr»v-10le*69B. ~’* 1 

PtWMtaVlBBOT, mt22954,mi 470. 

wcieuiH 

NJNbjCMlNMt, 

SST "■» Jg 4J« 7025 +2S 

m £3?iS£3?B5 

PrSu.galMW.* 1 * 7U " ni ° *** 
Prev doYi open loll )92R off I7X . 

FRESH BROfLERX 
JXOM lb*; erati per b 

Od 4390 4150 4299 4XU 4- is 


0O 4190 43JB 

OK 4S9B 4499 _ 

ri.ii 4796 4795 <790 

APT 4790 4795 4790 

Jufl 5125 $199 5125 

Jar 

$3- 

Dk 

Prev. sales 70. 

Prvr dors opm im 79 i> HP h. 


5917 If 
5.1 7 50 
1210 51 

39 4 134 

» 


Sap U4JOO 14490 14390 14100 

NOV 15590 15520 153.34 U390 

Jan 14490 1*690 14590 1030 

Mv 17790 177.50 17390 17SJ0 

MOT 17890 19090 17890 17890 

Jul 1B890 19790 1H9Q 18*99 

S«p 19490 19430 19299 172J0 

NOV 19490 

Prev, Krtes 1218. _ 

Prpv day's open lm 723n> op 229. 

PLYWOOD 

7LQ22sa.fl. 

Sec 17590 17990 17590 17590 

Nov 17990 10190 17740 17990 

Jan 183-50 18090 18290 18450- 

Prev. safes 226 ' 

Prev day* open int 2977,0 mm. 

US T. BILLS 

n^llon/pHrtHOwL^ ^ 

r2e 8690 BL44 $575 0492 

2S- SLID 8429 8595 8451 

jYST $L39 0471 0693 SL5I 

iS 8456 8490 0424 0456 

r2c 0L62 0692 1443 8450 

8471 8471 8635 OL60 
JST 0674 8474 8630 8424 

Prev. sales 27933._ 

Prev days open In* 39909.oM 191X 


190 8 m 

2 6$ 25 &4 

143 2714 24% 

IBB 

17 13% 13 
z5B0 77 77 

129 12% 12% 

~S 5£ S% 

S2 SS 


% 

SO* 


a £ 

i 

■ 5 

1814 12% 

y%?S5 

5% 14* 


122 52 

« 15 

120 4.1 

.10e .9 

90 43 

94 32 

94 11 

*2-48 59 

290 42 

2-40 57 

20 49 

20b 57 

.74 43 

I 32 
LI4 14. 
122 S3 
.12b 2.9 

98 5L7 

2 D 

£ s : 

198 A* 
198 421 

190a 42 

■ 94 39 

122 49 


International Monetary 
Market 

Open wish LOW Sortie con. 


open ftffffe L«tf Sami Oft 

OHMA 

te Srii S*i2 *-» » -» 

is ... £5 SS.g® s- 19 — w 

s2 : 55* S"2 57 57-1$ _|f 

Sm g:!? £«* -a 

®r It gf gs ss =s. 

■g. a'Essss-g 

«s ■ . gff as ss as =s 

£5 »» SH3 SH S4 _5 

g . . 5- -3". 

KwiS?ai2vW wjm afian. 

COMMERCIAL PAPRR 

Ol WBWB Hifc 44 H—IhM 

Waoasneaitiyacfs.- 

US TREASURY bonds 
OKMHMBMLM ianapd) 

SOP 58-10 SB-23 37-19 51-12 —14 

Dm 5B30 SMI M »l —18 

Mar 59-22 5700 Ml 59-1* —20 

Jw» 4Wfl 40-11 SB-11 60 —22 

Sop - - 48-11 40-11 59-27 60-10 —24 

Dm 41 - 61 60-3 -4Ml —26 

MW 41-9 41-10 *0-15 6047- —20 

Jun - Cl - 41-12 <1 4V-2 —30 

SOP 41-4 «!•» • 4V* *H - —31 ' 

Dm 41-15 41-» 41-15 41-15 —1 

Mar 42 4»1 6VZ1 61-21 —VI 

Jun 41-38 04 61-36 41-34 -1-3 

62-2 *2-12 41-31 4V11 —V3 

Dae 4X4 —19 

Prov. solas < 12 ) 1 . 

Pra« OaYseswn WQ272XdL art 1992. 

New York Futures 

September 14,1981 

MAIN. POTASS «■**-.— a* 
MOO *SJ carts NrB. 731 7J1 __J2 

Fob 895 —95 

Mar 922 992 OJO L70 —.13 

Apr _ MJS W96 1020 1021 —30 

Prev. solas 390. 

Prw days aeon Int&7n7, off*. 


London Metals Market 

(Ffoures to stsribia per metric ton) 
(Sliver In panes Par few aanca) 
September 1L17OT 

Today P rcvHa * 
Bid Asked Bid Anted 

Cooper wire bars: 

- Spat 94X00 969-00 99X00 95330 

HM) erode copper: 

3 months 999J90 1200 98220 9(390 

Owner cathodes: 

spot 96490 06890 95190 95390 

3 month! 99X00 *7490 99790 97890 

TM: set 0.15090 LI 4090 8.14890 X16(190 

3 months 828090 829090 828000 829000 

lead; spot 44X00 44990 44990 45090 

3 months 45790 4920 45730 45890 

ZbKttPOl 54190 54290 54X00 54X00 

Smooths 555.00 55690 55590 55490 

Sliver: SPOt 41120 61X50 61090 61290 

3 months 6J0JS 43120 42920 43090 

Akim In torn: spat 65890 49990 65390 48290 
3 months 40390 44490 67430 <7790 

Nickel: spot X20590 X21890 X22S9D XZK90 

2 months X20Q90 129090 X279U» 220890 


London Commodities 


Prev dors open 
HEATING OIL 


43 24* 

30% 13% 


Markets Closed 

Stock markets in Switzerland 
and all financial markets in Hong 
Kong were closed Monday due to 
holidays. 


tpertnmcMpoWwwaNgJOOT 

SOP 29*0 .495» -4V12 .4914 +21 

Dec SM 20TI sea +n 

Mar 2140 2k0 JW J158 +9S 

Jim 3185 +65 

S5. 2220 +30 

Prev. solas11945. _ 

Prev doYsapan lot 15934.ua 1^72. 


14% 

4% 

23% 33 
94% 34% 
3% 2% 

m 33 
19% 19% 
24% 34 
40' 2*14 

2SW 20% 
13% 13% 
22% 22% 
17% 17% 
15% 35 


S5S ESiff". 


(Oasod In U2. dollars par met 
SatmtarKIMl 
tdak Lew Class 

SUGAR 

Oct 17720 14290 171.75 17195 

Jan 18020 17930 14250 17430 

Mar 18720 14X50 18X10 180J5 

May 19190 17500 18135 18140 

AllO 19425 17420 14475 1*725 

Oct 1*490 11790 18925 18930 

Jan N.T. N.T. 18890 18920 

10945 tats <9 50 tons. 

COCOA 

Sap 1950 1940 1945 1955 

Doc- 1206 1292 1985 1906 

Mar 1227 1912 1935 1936 

MOV 1934 1921 1934 1936 

jrv 19® 1930 1940 1941 

Sap 1947 1947 194* 1950 

OM . 1955 1955 1954 USB 

1216 tots of 10 tans. 

COFFEE 

SOP ’ 978 970 *70 *72 

Nov 1403 9*5 WS 9*4 

Jan 1908 1906 1905 1907 

Mar 1911 1911 1910 1414 

MOT 1934 192D 1920 1924 

Jly N.T. ILT. 1927 1207 

Sop N.T. NLT. 19® 19® 

3934 tats of 5 tans. 

GASOIL - 

Sen 30223 30120 30X00 30X50 

Oct 30725 38523 30520 SOLDO 

Nov 31250 30725 30720 31090 

Dec 31420 31200 31X00 31225 

Jan N.T. N.T. 31420 31590 

Fab 31850 31620 316J0D 31720 

Mar 319.00 31820 31690 31720 

Apr 32220 31920 31*25 31725 

May NT. KT. 32850 32125 

001 lets of 100 tans. 


14290 14X50 
14420 14X00 
1025 18725 
T7345 17325 
17790 17725 
17790 11090 
17X00 17990 


1232 12® 
1291 1279 

1211 ran 
uan jjb 
1225 <227 


MO* troy Mv cot 

85 - - 1 

Nov 

Doc 

J«i 

Mor 

MOT 

& 

Dec 

Jon 

Ss 5 - 

Prev. soles8971 
Pre v doYscoeti 


31125 31120 
31150 I11J0 
31320 31490 


Paris Commodities 

(Flaunt In French francs oer metric tool 
September 14.1711 
Mab Low Close Ch. 
IBMdUtud] 

541 OAR 

Oct 1210 1955 19171215 +71 

Nov N.T. N.T. 19J5 1205 ’ -HI 

DM 12® 1960 1223 1270 +7. 

Mar 1945 1940 19® 1275 +ft 

MOT NT. NT. 1995 1.907 +101 

JIV . NT. NT. 1990 1,920 +W 
AW NT. NT. 1225 7245 +« 

OCT N.T. N.T. 1235 7275 +« 

380 lots of 50 toraL Open interest: 8923 
COCOA 

58P NT. NT. 12351280 —54 

DM 1935 1935 1930 19® —i 

Mor NT. N.T. 1930 U7B Uncti 

MOT NT. NT. 1965 1270 —21 

JIV N.T. N.T. 1905 — Unch. 

Spp NT. NT. 1910 — . —6 

Dec NT. NT. 7925 — —14 

5 lots ol 10 Ions. Open Interest: 301 


Cadi Prices 

Sept 14,1981 


Frankfurt 


Commoditylasfunlt Mon Year aoo 

FOODS 

Coffee 4 Swi Ida lb-- 1.10 195 

TEXTILES 

Prtnl a o l fl 64-3038%, yd_ (LOT X47 

METALS 

Steel billets IPHtJ.fon—„ 42800 34690 

treBXFdrv.Phno.tan-.... tom 22736 

Steel scrap No ihvyPHt._ 104-107 *1 

Lead See*, fb -—-- 092 092 

Co nner elect. Ih_ 84% . *2% 

Tin (Straits), lb- 72283 8*4 

ZM&E.SII_BaslL)b..097% 024% 

Silver NY. ei_ 1L14 2190 

Gold N.Y.OS- 45125 685L50 

New York pdcsx 


Commodity Indexes 

Sept 14* 1981 


MnodYb-. 1939JO f 

Reuters.. NA 

Daw Janes Spot 34724 

DJ. Futurrg_ 37194 


Previous 
1933X07, 
197890 
34893' 
36823 - 


74000 75290 

33890 33*90 


MOOdY*: base TOO: Dec-JT. T931. p—pranni- 
Inary; f—final 

Haulers: base 100: Se% IX WOT. 

Daw Jam: bate 100: AveraseW2+XS-QL. 


Dividends 

September il HOT 
INCREASED 

Cu Hi po n y Par. Aiaat 

CoMKBaa Utils. Q 94 

CGMumctoelBdFd Hi 95% 

Colonial Am Biotas Q JO 

Dovte Dane Hem o 93 

EHrtMl A M 

Fed Rity tnvTR a Jo 

Gen Cinema a 24 

Hazetroa Lab O 97% 

KeyPhanmwattcafs Q JDr 

REDUCED 


Ur Charnp Food 


STOCIC SPLIT 


Cempaav 

CutHoan* 


Database—Xdbr-i 




European Gold Markets 

«4Piem* ir tLWH 


INTERNATIONAL 
INCOME FUND 

provides the following 
choice of investments: 

Short Term ‘At Units 

Exclusively invested in 
US DnlLir instruments with 
maturities less than 12 months^ 

Short Term ‘I? Units 
Invested in instruments 
denominated in the SDR 
currencies and Swiss Francs with 
maturities less than 12 months. 

firth nth’+mjfaJu wifhoul i hi r^e op 

long Term Units 

A balanced portfolio of 
Eurobonds and Euroconvertibles 

ffrtftx ■mjfch.'dr nil jisrt value 
liii r.iun* tiiys'/tohcc 
11 unco 

Maflind Bank Trail Comptny 
(Chen net liludi) Lrmitcd 
Infi u rnjdun jnd Froipprtu* trum 
EBC Trart Cothp«ny 0«t*«yl Umitctf. 

C8-34 Hill SriecLSr HcIu?l1«?»44?v.C 1 

Tel 0SJ4 JbJflt 

B8iK|M ttntnledtf Unctnbows SA, 

14Rur Aldi i nijcn. I u ■ cmbiju rj; lei. 

C*jili p.-u mi jrv pubtfJwd m lhn 
-iMitipjpcr (inrjpr fnfomjJ 1 O 1 I*1 fund. ’ 


PorH<l25Ulel 
OMNI mendne a® 
and Pori j.oo«atooaoa 
UJ-dsun oer anna 


AM. PJW. NC 

44558 *51 IS *538 

MS 4MJ* *780 

494X4 5*185 +143 

1 e f N m ee w HUxae tor Lanom 
aemartan foramen 


Gold Options (prime leS/eoa 


II, 1981 


Low don CNM 


Bnmi Ostms &shan 

141.202731 AM5TBOAM Taira 74596 


E -2 


<0l tfi 
425 46 

4501 38 
4» 

SCO 

375 
40 
435 
4» 


8700<> 10600a 

6800a BOD a 
5108a 7X00 a 


Commodity Tagesd'wnst mit 
woctientfccftem USOiartheR 
nsges£>Mark 890 + Porto. MWST 
Kosterdosa Muster 


617% lt% 19% 
811% 11% 11% 


indol *14% »4%i 

Inland Go* *14 18% 

Inf Mosul tt* «% 

impr Pipe *13% 13% 

inv Cra A 125% 

Ivoca J3» 23M 

Jennock sio io 

Kom Kofla Z7« 3SS 
Kerr Add OT8 18 
Lobatt A 133 »% 

Locono 37% 7% 

LOW Cent 17% 7% 

LL Lae *30% 30% 
LaBtaw Co 14% 4% 

MICC *8 8 

Melon H X *10 7% 

Bit Mlrfle 418 418 

M4TM4 E 011 10% 

MOlfOn A 123% 23% 

Moi ion b is rm 
Morphy SIW 31% 

Rat Trust SO .30 
Nomnia 134% »*> 

Norcen . *25% 25 

Nava AH A *7% *% 

Nowsca W *22% 21% 

NiPNN A 18% 5% 

Dakwooo 824% 24 
Oshowa A »4U 14% 
Pamoar 810% 10% 
Pan Cap P 382 8T 
Pamblaa 8* 8% 

Phonl* 011 115% 14% 

Ptm Pol nr stiu 48% 
Piaoe G 148 M0 
Ptaear SI 7V, 17% 

Proviso si3 12% 

Ram 110% 10 

Red path 813 14% 

RaieMiald s*% 9% 

Revn Prp A 188 DO 
Rosen A 89 8% 

Ramon 814% 14 


Italy's Unemployed fuses 

Andes 

ROME —Italian unemployment 
rose to 8.8 percent at the end of 
June from 8.1 percent at the end of 
March, Italy’s statistics bureau 
said. That compared with 7.9S per¬ 
cent at the end of June last year. 


Rothman 
Scestre 
seem 
Snell Can 
Sherrlit 
Slams 
S Stars A 
Sky* Re* 
Slater sii 
5oulhjji 
St .BrattOT 
St* loo A 
SoJpefro B 
Suncor or 


123% VP* 
512% 12% 
S«% 4% 

sate 22% 
811% 11% 
514% 14% 

56 4 

*9% * 

H7% 17% 
531% 31 
51OT6 1004 
134% 33% 

55* 

S3* 23% 


Tech Cor A 518 I486 

TOC* Cor B 513% 13% 
Telodyn* 87% 7% 


23%+ % 
10 + % 
255 -T 5 
16 + % 
25 + % 
7% 


41* +10 
11 + % 
2394+ % 
22%+ % 
31» 

30 — 14 
36 + % 
25 — % 
994 

a + % 
8%+ % 
24%+ % 
U%— % 
10% 

■1 + 1 
f + Vi 
15 + I 
«%+ % 
MO + 5 
17% + % 

13 + % 
10 

-U%— % 
*9*+ % 
17* +1* 
« + % 

14 — % 
33%+ % 
13% + -% 
4% 

23% 

lUE+ % 

6 

- «+ % 
17% 

3116+1(4 
T6%+ % 
33%+ % 
24%+ * 
34 + % 
W%+ % 
1J»+ % 
7% 


Per. Amof Fey. 

Q 9) 

O -15 

Q .15 

M JM% 

□ 94 

O 99 

D -14 

a m 

Q -15 

O .14 


a .n% 
a m 
o . 12 % 
O 92 
Q .» 
O JOS 

8 .10 

.10 

Q .15 




























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































' - -. PfrERWATtOWAlHERALDTRIBUNE,TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER IS, 1981 _ 

^P 1 * 14 I Brokers in New York Upset by New OTC Stock System 


Page 21 


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7.9 4 M a $6. & iS2 + ft 

ts. if?? 1 ® 

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4ft Catae .12. 16 8 18 oft oft 4ft+ ft 

7'A ChoOMl JOn US 1 9ft 9ft 9ft4- ft 

IftChmpH «2 439 2ft -2ft 2ft + ft 

pP Tl US % 143*014V. 14VK— ft 
M a U M in 1A 16ft— ft 


646 HBmEnt 
WK. » 

9 2ft MtlCp 
77ft 15ft B*V6fly J2 

38ft 11 BICPm 08 
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JM 12 2 1016 TDK. 7016— ft 

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457 ft 11-U 11-14 - 

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not. 
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3ft 1ft DiOdM 12 - Tft ■ 1ft 1ft 

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-s2S .2? DwWn .Me U 8 m Sft Tft t - ft 

ITftDnwar *42 45 7 M 13ft 13ft 18ft+ ft 


ft 7 DoMV 40b 17 7 12 Sft - S 
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2f> 7 Ebrlner 18 225 7ft 7 7 

4ft EmpCor JB 9423 10 JV. Sft 5ft + ft 

gk intEnMpt n n » lift 11 Uft+ ft 
*ft Jft BnoMln Jit 66 a 51 Sft Sft Sft 

J% 13ft EnpyRl J4 1.722 32 14 Uft-Uft—ft 

ro Ind 13 IS Sft 3 . 3ft + ft 

may J5a 1.1 is 137 on* 21 ft zJft+aft 

— _anRd Mt 11 5 1 Bft aft aft+ ft 

gk Sft ElzLOV .15# 24 2 5 Sft 5ft «*+ ft 

f*k 9ft EvonAr 40 11 a a IZft 12ft W*+ ft 

\ 9 EvrJB .10 1.1 0 3 9ft tft nfc— ft 

4ft ■» « 9 ,42 £? 9ft Pft+ ft 

H* 7ft Exadva 6 11 Sft Jft 3ft 

Jft -17ft ExatrO .18 ia VIM MU. 2416— ft 


a SP®* 

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I ,3ft Pihwi « 14 4 336 2ft— 16 

5* lift FtadtrP .771 £5 15 14ft 13 ft 14*6+ ft 


8£fiSP .it 

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W 17ft FMcGE 248 

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t?as? ■* v 3 a a v 

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L. w FordCn D lit « « « ■ 

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L «. Fronc ■ : 115 251* 25 25 —ft 


Frank* AS 2J-0 18 


15ft 15ft+ ft 


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* 7 FrtA.wi _. _ WW IMS llft+ ft 


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63 5 21 Uft Uft 1H6— V. 
LI 12 4$ 35ft 35ft ,3616 + W* 


4 - 1 2ft 2ft 3Vfc— ft 
23.K 10 13ft 1316 1316—16 
710 sa^ 4W 4Sk <ft+-ft 

41! ”1 .WJ* - la * W6-.66- 

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1. 5°*** n M is » 110 im 12ft im—.ft 

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& « A 

>ft 2ft 2ft+ ft 


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1 MftGUOnsC 40b *713 313 12U I3K—K 


-ins 12ft HMG" 48a 4410 S* Uft 11 13ft+ ft 

:& 1 kIW iS 1-a* a 514 

.ise 15*1^ w m lfv^fe 

1 2 4L4 jyk Zul ™ 

^ “*» *1 ’U. ,0 . w ’oS- ft 

s ■ H ja fv«-'S'S*s 

ia .T*» . „ ’» % T* ’5S* - 

s uf, s . iati 

sg ’&&k * *,'ja iajSrr 

-aiSfffior.- ~ 

25*6 lift HoMA SUB £6 7 1 Kft lflu ,S?T 5 

s! « r r 

ss 3 uu *?: % ^st *jsj a 

Mft IlftHbrty R.U ^ llftlft 

ss i3 ,nd I «! ^ i 1 ^ j« + ,0 

I ^!Esr ^ 4 » « 3L!! 

.’7" lOflflW 15 SI A 486 m. 16 

S& ’£»“^,5 fl> ® 

^ m ii» 4i a 5 * 

II T vJ # @ fi=S 

k!Sp^ n *| 3 i ’Ut ’a ’Jfca 

' a i» lofiici a m a law iSt ii?7i£ 

18 10ft IroaBed AB 1AM lb lift 18ft lift!!, ft 


9V. MHwwr . 

'I a«26' W 

33ft 9 


12ft 5ft ICH 
Uft S. IFSIl 

31W. 14V6IMC 


T2 M ount SMC* Sta. —- *2122. 

HMfi LOW DIV. fa » YM. F/« woi km, UW aStanST 

23 ISViSDvb pIlAB 16 K7 Uft 15ft 14ft+ 16 

miS! 5 FrRE 4420 12 37ft ^ 17ft— ft 

23ft IM ScrnJW 105 9.1 5 10 2216 Sft 2296— to 

5 ws® * wt v ^ 

£ «g?s! jo w 13 . 7 i ^ a* ,ir n 

^ L. 152^1 ^ 2’1 21 Sft Oh, Oft— ft 

■a a ass .a Vi * ,j a a a-“ 

a* aBs* * u ,; ; j,- 

SMIMI a - n 17 1416 1316 14 

Ift aSIS? srt a 11 Ift 1 1ft 

« Vi 5*ESS B 3 23 3ft 3ft 316 

J? T f *£«»» * 13 39 19ft Uft 19V6+ ft 

^ it 49 4tod5ft Sft-ft 

'a** iJJ’H’Sl 0 ’ ■ IOr U> 7 4ft 4ft 4ft + 16 

6ft Srvtaco M 44 4 2 tft 6ft Mb- ft 

9 KdlM W.+ ft 
—^ 44 U15 to 4ft 41* *ft+ *6 

f* 2V, SbeltrR 1 jft 2to 21* 

6 ,Jf ,y,‘ 1 » 


(Cootinoed from Page 19) and displays at about 65,000 dec- proach is not a national system, plained that Spreading knowledge 
opme&t because the whole opera- troaic tenxunals similar to listings and we don't like it,” said the head of price quotes would cut their 
don was organized around be NYSE or Amex stocks. of over-the-counter trading of one profits by limiting the size of their 

principle of bringing traders to- So®e securities dealers worry, large securities firm. price mark-ups or mark-downs, 

geiher in an auction market The f 5 * 31 sfwading information about The national securities market Whether the terminals served to 
over-the-counter market, in con- ^31 reduce their — a computer that would match reduce profits is of little concern 

trast, is based on securities firms promts. Kit they realize that the the myriad of orders from buying today. Trading volume in the over¬ 
rust buying, the stock, then selling 8 realer disclosure could attract and selling brokerage houses — the-counler market, buoyed by 
from their inventories and profit- more tfa Y cre ““ investors and in- naturally has little appeal to spe- growing investor interest ia 
mgfrom the markup. cr ?S! e voiUD ^- . dalists on the floor of the New smaller growth stocks, has been 

The expanded disclosure for , v 16 °J er- “ 1 *^ lnler ntarket in- York Stock Exchange who now growing at a 35 percent annual 


i. y"nni « « i 

3ft 216 SflOmk n 

iS i, Sl,r &«al 13 

iJft 7ft Souoan. Jo 30 I 

1M6 3 SchatbE job JH 

JJJ SkSchooJp AS 11. 

2? SiSfwV -138 U 5 

Uft »6Sd*wBb JO O T 

G 28ft Scan* « 

*“> f Saoiet a . n 
1ft ft Seaeort a 

4ft 3ft seccao l 

Mft 18 JetsOI a 13 

10ft 6 Seta* Mi 3.1 

i»» ‘ftSamio, jS u 

9 616 Srvtaa A4 44 4 

Jft 3ft Suva 

7 iWSMroi J4 UU 

Jft 2V, StrellrR 

9 AftSbORwal .10* 2.1 4 

23ft 1A6SH0WM 1J8 5J 7 

» 7ftstercn uu 


QutAations sexviee. About 9.0W) type market has worked well and is The terminals, h now seems^eave 

3^<SS2^ WSl^ILh*** a 60011 wa y of d«ennining the the over-the-counter market Sire 
or imonnanon published on so- price of securities. legitimacy in the eves of investors 

irlnnn m Critics of the existing system, who became more'confident that 

aOOUt *-0,000 Other corporations hnwmpr <»v ivunrwliflnn !o citlaA m/vlr mm nriwl faiAu 


»ft »ftlmpOII BIAS 
» i 38 InPt of 4 
fl* 1ft loftatri 
Kft inbiiMrn As 
1214 3 I n«tS v a 

XL. »'«“»■ Ft2W 

?2ft T2ft InloRRs 
»ft 18 imcty 8 AO . 
id sft Inlrcla rt 
10 intrmk .14b 
2ft 2 tnlBknf 

22ft 9 IbIP* n 

S I Oft H6 IfHProt 

15ft Ionic a 
ISftiroaBrd ao 

-8ft 4ft JRdvn Adb" 
-98 lift Jwnipp 


TftSlercn a-12l 1J17 <2 10ft 9 ron+ift 

“J* J4 35 8 13 Tft 9ft 9ft+ to 

7ft 4 Sllvrcst 5 4ft 4ft 4ft 

4ft 3 SbncaS JS *4 7 1 3ft 3ft 1ft 

34 6 SaJSrSc n 14 41 7ft 7ft Fto+ to 

«*S«l!*rBn 12 78 1ft 7ft 7ft- to 

n n a ii low ii + ft 

13ft lOftSoetCoD la 9J 4 l 10ft Uft I8ft+ to 

tflJa 1* 1 Tft 7ft 7ft 

PJLIJ 16 4 Tft 7ft Tft— 16 

Bfl« IS. 4 9ft Wk 9ft-v 1% 

^ aruo *3 3 70ft 20ft 20ft— to 

4ft sc|jj £3 it ^ }f* Sft ?SS 

>S 33 7 Uft m, Sft +1 

8J*« Sprit p| .128 IA 4 fft SM 06— to 


COMPANY 

REPORTS 


9 416 SC 

IM 7ft SC 
Uft 916 SC 
Mft 17ft SCER PrtJO 
Ifto 14ft SCBd prtJO 
Mft i4to seed p«ji 
71 S466SCER Bltn 
II Sprkm n 
17ft 8to Sprit pf .128 
JW 7ft Saacrro 
TSft S6 Spencar JO 
17to StdMrtl 2511 
896 5*6 SlaiM 


— concerns is available; but is not 

Revenue c«i profits, m n^Ttom. ma , n loed pnod or actively traded. 

curtende* unless otherwise i«S«a3iBd Since Congress told the Secnn- 

-- lies and Exchange Commission in 

France 


“sSfiv rMSSS 

Since Congress told the Secun- [hey want. 

eolimlissioa in Information is a valued com- 


em'.a'tT-Bcti'.eifler Group has been siow. A nading uya fey do noTiita ^ 

StUSBffiS, ’At J iffi S# JlfcS —. ««» tatma competition with the one of rhnr 


t rvir . * • " . , _ swuiuiauim ra a Viiiucu uum- 

niodity. In the over-the^oumer 
systemfor stock tradmg, progress market, for example, some dealers 
has been slow. A trading rape for do n0 i like S to nravide ihe 


Ul 1J Sto ito 436— to 
2J 9 34 M6 17*6 I7H— to 
■ 3 216 216 216+ 16 

21 40 14 1516 15U 


1* a 32 14ft UI6 16 V. + V. 

;j£ M “** / £ 1 
«_ j% 3 s M « ^ >a=s 

296 76tol*2Se«^*^* ,J * CT 4 4,4 ** «* + *6 

38* 116 Sian El 53 1*6 Tto 1*6+ 16 

416 JtoStrttKt |tf 7 2ft 2ft 2ft 

38 10*6 5lruTVf JO £733 5 II 11 11 

3«* lOftSwnltE JO U27 a 14 ]Jft I3ft+ to 

3«* l^Sumlie pOJO 10. 3 17ft 017ft 77ft— to 

,2* »SunCITv 11 1 116' Ito 3*1 

l«W ,^toS«'aJ r aJW Mil 0 916 9to 9to—to 

33* Uto SorrtPC 145 2016 19ft 19ft_ ft 

996 4 Scaur AS 10 7 5 4 4 t to 

15to llftSupMS AA> 34 4 2 186 lift 19to+ to 

2 La WS n - 25 U 31* 3to sto— to 

fl* 2*5«5l» d . IS 4ft 4*6 4ft 

«ft .WfcS upSgro A4 34 4 3 Uto 12to 1216 

^ 1 2i5 UDron w*‘ W 437 274 32ft 31 31ft-ft 

41p M SumPOR 35 216 2ft 2ft— 16 

A »JS?5 -UM ? 2 ^ £+* 

% VtoSvaPM * j* t sir’ll ,: Sto ’«• ** 

Ig» 11^ J,8or a “ n j 13ft 13ft 13ft 
25 Sto TIE * 29 232 17 15ft 16Mi— ft 

8816 TftTII a 25 94 20to M 20ft+ ft 

79ft 15 TaDFrd JO U10 S 15ft 15«6 14S+ S 

*)86 TM » _ .5 170 72ft 12to 12to + * 

ss T i*?sa. B jS ys n w ’n; ’jto-w 

'a ffli-ai™-" « „* jf*ir Sie 

23to IM TpcHOp 5 17 13to lift lift-ft 

«8 ItoTBChf p J]b J 5 39 4ft 416 416- ft 

A WA >33 S3 I 3 5 a 5—to 

, 44 TplonR 54 9 77 75 75 +2 

*6 19 TeljMbc AS 1J15 » 35*6 3416 3516+ *6 

» 1216 Talacl 2* 74to iito I4to+ ft 

Tto 4V0TMUMV 8 11 4 516 516 Sto— to 

1896 716 TMMir 59 17 Ito • ||*+ ft 

llUTHinT 15 7 22 21ft 22 — to 

„ 17V, T«*Cd g J* Bfl 29*6 27to 27ft—lft 

JgJ il* 14 23 Ito Sto «to+ to 

10ft BftTatcAE J7e 415 54 9*6 9ft y*^-to 

’SSP^S* “ MUM 19ft 20 +ft 

££ J* GR vrt 15 12*6 12ft 1216— to 

2216 916 Txscon a *1 104 14ft 1416 1416+16 

torCt? S3 31* 2ft 31* + ft 


£»ftn AO 44 5 25 Wt 


uft ’L?’® 391 ** " i» wl lift-* ** 

*2* J^KSSS" -ft Z J 7 a »»* ion 10*6 

,*to 4 Katcbni ,101 3 S 5 4ft - 4ft 4*6+ 16 

TOto »<*rCo AO 4J 4 2 Sft 4to 5*6— to 

'iaf’S^fS. * 55 207 IBft IB 1Sft+ ft 

8to 2ft KlnArtt 48 113 4 396 396+ to 

® Uu. SH 1 * M U 9 16 27to 35ft 24ft— ft 

fH£ M*6 Oft a 38 174 311* 30 30 — ft 

2£ L 5! , .2 4 12 tto 5V6 416— ft 

MV4. 9ft Ktainrt 1 3ft. 3ft 2ft 

27 9*6 KilMO 21 85 lift lift 11*6+ ft 


7 4 L5B J2I 10. 9 40 5ft 516 516—16 

■J* aftfbBOTB JSS 1.1 13 39 5to 5ft S*6— M 

17ft 5to LoMoor JOb UU 44 1296 U 1296+1 

4 lftLoPni 10 2 1 t + to 

^ U B 93 ^ M 1996+ ft 

, , S?, Lor £l? k ^ • 18 12 MM 14M 14M+ ft 

7<to IWUatal U» 2A16 40 17 15*6 1*to+ to 

,54J 2to LppFh 3 396 316 316— to 

lift StoUbtVFb 4 25 91* 9 yto+ to 

Tto 4ft UlIM n J2 44 4 I 4ft ift «6 * 


St ?.. uqya e is ito 1 ito+ 1* 

tto 4*k Lotto* .14* £712 47 516 5 5*6+ to 

B M LOOlCOfl J0« JM i 37*6 271* 2716 

M4 2S*n LumflK 0.15 4T7 9. 2896 29 — V6 


80*4 2S*H Loowx 
TTto 9to Lundy B 
lift 4V6 Lurta I 
nto 7to Lyboll 
1916 StoLyndiC 


LundyE J 5 ID 

Lurta n 10 M. 8ft 

Lwtoll JO Mi N to 

LyndiC AOa U S 4 7 


If., If; + to 

% Eta 

416 496-16 


1716 lltoMCOHd 
1416 Sto MCO Rs 


13 179 1416 14 1416— to 

ISO Sft Sto 5*6- to 


Great Britain 

Pearson & Son 
1st Half 1981 

Revwmw. 327A4 

Prams__ 19JM 


1116 4ftTaan«t JOB 
13ft 5to TastV 301 
9to 41* TcbSvm 
2316 lOtoTBCbOp 

““ i^ 

44 T*lonR 


1496 7ft Ton SOT 
30 lift TpfrnT 

l7V,T«*Cd a J* 


3116 17MT)rGRa a 
3116 9ft T*GR tol 
22to 916 Txscaa a 
4*6 116 


Japan *Tn principle, the firm approves 

Mitsubishi Chemical Ind. of the idea of a national market 

sysw® where trades would be exe- 
^SS5 ^£55 autoniancally at the best 

prices, but this piecemeal ap- 

Norway Shows Deficit R - « , . R +. a . ^ 

i»._c_i ■ T , netaii stales m isntaln co™> m mimmeik 

After Surplus in July. . Aii _ SK& 

Recovered in August S2SKr ,0, “ 

OSLO — Norway’s trade ac- Jiao** JKippior m nISSJsiSS 

count, exduding ships, showed a LONDON — British retail sales U^coro 

preliminary 761-million-krona volume recovered in August with a X* >an fi r . I =_ 2 jw sum»omoBonK 

(SI27.1-million) defiat in August 1.6-percent increase, after a 1.8- koosood si* Sumitomo mmoi' 

compared with a 1.74-biffion-kro- percent drop m July, to just below m j^SSf*** 1 * 

na surplus in July, the goveramem the level of sales in June, provi- ^SS?“ S3 TM^Marme 

said. sional Trade Department Qgures ISfcii'-jlS' ''■SS ?2fSL 

The trade account in the Erst showed Monday. Mim>w h« irm. y^oou 

eight months of this year had a The retail sales volume index, M«wa:55550;pr*vto«:s4i» 
9^3-biffion-krona surplus, up from base 1976, was set at 111.5, com- : 74*242pr«vio<n: 7 josj>s 

a 3.26-bQhon-krona surplus in the pared with 109.7 in July and 111.7 --— 

same 1980 period- in June. 


XTznsacxiaaTmonc^tinn 90 sec- last trade, as well as xhek current 
onds. is the latest, but not the last fed and asked price. 

SSSLV&E&SZ 

'°” hCTev “ best price is avail- ^ ofM 

*Tn principle, the Dnn approves 1 10 ^ ears 

of the idea of a national ^et ag °' At ^ “““ com ' 


Swiss- 

Austrian 

Money 

Seminar 


Tokyo Exchange 


Asatii Cham. 
Atom Gloat 
Canon 

Dal Mta. Print 
Do two 
Full Bank 
Full Photo 
Hitachi 
Honda Motor 
CIMl 


_1 Jem ib in Zunch October 10-12. and In Vienna 

October 16, and bam hou you can benefit from 
i fp UAl fuoial tfabiBty ofSwiue rtm alnd Anmtat 
and ihe respect for privacy of their bankine 
SertBiabBr 1*1*91 sySUms. 

V 334 MIKUM Clwm. Y M Hrai Browne. Doo^m R. Cut}, ioba 
liS Si A. PngUcy. and 18 «f» speakers from Swiczer- 

721 MHiulCo. iu land. Belgium. A mom. the Bahamas, and Eng- 

322 MIKukoifll 415 bold. 

i Jjo Nomur? curt, '“ Si Talks and workshops cover Swiss and Austrian 
S™ US bartang. Swiss anmtsry and endowmeu p»o- 

3*5 shSro w Pa™*, maraped comnKxfity programs, straiegie 

kSS IS^fiSSBanK ^^^ 8 ^ PU ^ SwfeS * ndAuS - 

910 Sumitomo Chom. 159 man readmey, »nd much, much more. 

5S coior brodlurc rrora Kqpftan Coro- 

« £1 munjouicm, Inc., DepL 2873 , 801 N. Wasb- 


m ba/ildng. Swiss anmtsry and endowmeu p»o- 
Jg grams, managed oommodhy programs, strategic 
4JI0 metals, unique Swiss gold plans, Swiss and Ans- 


514 Sumnomo Metal 290 

224 Tataha (techie 27S 

413 Tokeae 997 

445 TBllln 240 

344 Tokyo Marino 484 

1A90 Torav 405 

539 Tovoto 1J10 


240 O 10«1 Sc.. Alexandria, Virginia 223 M. SAI024 


2596 lift MSI Dt A8 1311 211 17*4 14*6 17*6+Ito 


KJ4 7ft MocAnF . 9 IS Uto JOto 1016— ft 

8ft Macron 15 t31 496 4*6 4ft— ft 

16*6 13*4 MpFS VJ2 lli ] U* IM *4*6- to 

27-161>34 Mamtfq 98 TS-14 96 ft 

_1S*. 7ft Momp a 10 60 10*6 18. loto—ft 

"2o 1516 Marm pfzJS 14. tl 15*6 15ft wto+ ft 

3Bft I 2 fti«nbin U3r 82 21 immm uft—u 

I8to 7ft MartFr 32 r*4 9ft 946— to 

tto 4ftMosif*r 12 tto tto tto+ ft 

28ft 1316 MtRsO 8 .12 J10 42 1516 *4*4 1496— ft 

am 18ft Matrix % 25 19 1896 1896 19*6— ft 

-Ito JtoMaulTc JO 35 7 101 7ft 7ft 7ft 

1394 StoMcOow ,13a U 1 5 7 496 7 + 16 

34J6 17 Manns 1^0 7.1 6 2 19ft toft ink-ft 

9ft 7ft Madalsl AO 75 30 38 Tft 716 7*6+ to 

» 29VtManiaG 92 28 0 27 3314 3ZI6 3316+ ft 

131* WMraai 124 25 7 6 996 oft 9ft—to 

616 1ft MOMln 18 116 d 1ft 196— 16 

15*4 10*4 MEMCo LOO . OJ 4 5 1314 13ft 13to+ ft 
10ft 5to MwcSL 251 II- 33 , ’fto Cft Si 

15ft mSMIFro a JO 2J13 -9 996 9ft 9*6+16 

25ft 1396Motpftl s JO U14 92 14 1516 15*4+ 16 

-19*6 5*4 MstroCr 9 134 12*4 12 ■ 0*4+2 

Ift aSMSiOn 73 3ft 8ft 8ft+ ft 


1014 Tlmeta 
31ft 25 T04E0 PUSS 


dweli 1AM 9314 48 1496 1416 1496+ ft 


25 54 lift 10*6 llft + 1 
17. IS75 25ft 25 25 —1ft 


Eurocurrency Interest Rates 


1*8— to 77 41 TolEdpf 10 16 1230 52 050ft 51 —1 

(ft— to 1«4 tl Tonne _iU8a J17 10 nib lift lift— 


,5*6 3ft fowMG S 20 516 Oft S 

im 9*6 Tartar n 24 25 10ft 10ft 10ft— 96 

®to T °ttF t n At M 17ft 17ft 17*4+ ft 

3*6TwnCir 30 3ft 3*6 3*6— ft 

lift Towrvr a 58 80 14 15 ft 15*6+ to 

_ 5 Town Wt 0 19 9 8*4 8*4— to 

4g6 1*4 Troth* ,1» 4J 27 2 Ito 2 

n*6 79k TfnaU .10a 1.1 7 14 <96 0*4 (K4+ 16 

aft 12 TronEn 9 130 Uft 12ft 13 - *6 

12? fl* TrnE Wt 12 7*4 7ft 7*4+ ft 

Wft BftTraaToc J* 61 7 21 096 Ito B*i 

M 11. 7 3 796 Tft 7U 

JS 2513 2 8*4 8*6 8*6- ft 

_ .... 38 291 19*6 10*4 19*6— ft 

,7ft 3 TubMx 0 4 439 394 3*6 316 

Mto 596 Tulttx fl AO U 4 1 **4 9*6 9*6-to 

*25 ’I,, S3 7 127 Z7 27—16 

•to 3*6Tw1nFr 153 716 7 7V»+ to 

— 8 U 91 — 


IS 116 d 1*6 196— 16 

85 5 5 1316 1316 1396+ to 

L9- 0,'flk M M 

U13 9 996 9*4 8*6+ to 


isto BHMtPro a jo 2J13 -9 tto Sto «to+ to 

2SW UtoMotpftl a JO U14 92 14 1516 1596+ 96 

9 134 12*4 13 ’ 12*6+2 

aw nmcnHi 73 396 316 899+ ft 

28)6 UtoMcfaSd a 1 5A 2 135 15*4 1496 1596+116 
5*6 ftoMIcMb X.13B S3 3 14 4 4 

1716 ' 9ft MkSdCo AO 254X7 14 13*6 14 — to 

T«* mSuSSto JOB X4 « 7*4d 7V, 7*6- to 

17 1216 Millay H 75 1416-1416 1416—96 

496 OtoMtanfT 340 J 7 39 5ft 594 5V, + to 


za lift Townr a 

11 5 Town wt a 
4*6 1ft Tr-ofhw .121 
2*6 ro-rraaLjc .ito 
2816 12 TronEn 
1996 4*4 TrnE wt 
Wto StoTraaToc 36 
.9ft 7 TrtSM JO 

12 794 TrloCB JS 

34 1*16 TCttOll 

716 3 TubMx a 


■to M6TwlnFr 


Daltar D Mar k Franc Starting Frax ECU SDR 

IM. 17*4-17*, 12-1216 lOft-IDW 134.-13*4 21-32 15*6-1544 14*6*15* 

2M. 17*6076. 12to02VW 10ft-10ft 13*6-13*4 22-23 15ft -17 1516-159 

3M. 11*4-17 12*6-15*6 Wft-Wft 13*4-14 22-23 15*6-1716 1596-159 

654. 17)16-1816 13*6-1216 10ft- 10ft 14)6-14*6 22ft.23ft 15ft-17ft 15*6-14 


ECU SDR 

15*6-1546 14*6-15ft 

14ft -17 1516-lift 

15*6-1716 1596-1596 


1Y. 17*6-17*4 12*6-1216 10-106. 


14)6-1496 20-22 


1596-14*6 15ft-15<6 


Floating Bate Notes 


dosing prices. Sept 14,1981 


17*6 9ft MkSdCo AO 
■14Ito TtoMMOs J0» 
17 1216 Millar H 

494 OtoMtanfT 340 
42ft 2244 Micbl a 34 
30ft-18ft MltoCp JO 
496 494MOMM0 AO 
35)6.2714 Mai? pMjfO 
19 13*4 MoaEn n 

3096 1596 MooaB X JO 
31- 14 MoasA i J* 


1496 7*4 U*1 
3 14* UPS 

Sto 3*4 UNA J 
10 11*4 UR8 AD 

4*6 2ft USR llld 
1096 Oft uttmta n 
5*4 3ft Unlmax 
4ft Sft Unlmx of 


13 IMkMMrSIr AO 55 7 13 II 

9)6 3*4 Movtab II U n 


511x729 2416 2594 25*6— ft 
17 9 2 25)4 25Vt I Sft— to 

R7 5 12 546 Sft 5ft— ft' 

IX X20 2B94 289* 28*4 

T7 is Mto 1394 1396— to 

1.113 X? Mto 1894 1816+ to 

1313x71 lift 18 18 —96 

as a J 1316 1996 1396- 16 

14_ 3 796 716 796— to 


I 10)6 10U 10ft 

15 2 Ito 2 + *6 

7A 9 l 4 4 4 — ft 

3J15 31 12ft 12 1216+ ft 

9 296 2)6 2*6+ ft 

41 19 9*6 tft 9*6 

32 S 4ft 4 4M+ to 

3 4 4 4 


Banks 


24ft UftUAIrPd A4 4313 14 IS 1496 15 + ft 

lift 496 UnWM 4 39 4)6 tft 5)6— ft 

24ft UtoUnCosF J4b 3510 4 34 M 34—ft 
Ift 2 UtlFood 30 0510 40 2V. Zto Tto 

19*6 796 UNofCa 19 577 17)6 14ft 17*6+196 

15ft 10ft UnRIliD 1.10a 9.910 U 11*6 11)6 11)6+ ft 


3316 . M96 MORfn -38 
1496 996 NIGxO AOb 

28ft -MtoNtHItE MAO 
tto 2 ft HKlney . 
14ft Eft-NtPoint 
IS 9*6 NtSacR AOa 
716 3V6 NtrtsLB +4t 


55 7 12 IT 1896 10*6- ft 

B II. 4ft 4 4 + ft 

1312 20 17ft tfl 4V, 15ft— ft 
3A 6 12 lift Wft'll —ft 

2318 13 18)6 1896 18ft 

79 396 2ft 2*6+ to 

187 496 4)6 6)6— 96 

73 4 W 10ft vm 1096+ ft 

14. 5 36 4 8*4 4 


1546 5ft USAIr wt 
lift 996 Unlwdn .12 
17ft 9 UnvCm n 
32*6 30ft Unv Rs x JO 


8 4K Valles 
18ft 13ftVoiyRx o1A4 
-1714 1196 Valffiac 


1 18 7ft 496 496- ft 

.12 7 I 1 14M 14ft Mft 

I 18 79 18*6 996 1QV.+ to 

JO 514X120 23ft 2296 23 —ft 
— V-V—V — 

55 416 5 

IA4 95 5 1 14 14 14 

30 1 111641116 .lift— ft 


1596 «_ Vatapar 32 14 4 4 1496 14ft 1516+ ft 


8ft 3 V6 N—1LM -IM 3AU 3 4ft 4ft 416 

ItHmomp JO 3A 9 25 23*6 22*4 2Sft+ ft 


2*4 Ito Nldrla 
S3 lCtoMMxAr JO 
J2to 1016 NPfnRt 1.14 
lift «6MPrac' A3a 
38 77* KYTIm Ut 

J3to 7 NowttE 38r 
1946 1296 Newer a JR 
IS. .416 Maxim 


. *L “ J - I L 

1A23 40 2* 20ft 20*6—ft 

11. 9 * 10*4 1096 10*4+ ft 

Ml I 796- 796 796+ ft 
i4 0 -a 29ft 29 29 —ft 

45 9 84 7*6 7M 796+ 96 
35 4 4 1396 1396 13*6+ ft 

.34. 44 Sto Sft 5*4 + to 


” N1®M «4 ‘ U S 1 18ft Uft Wft+ ft 


3)6 2ft M lcbota 53r 1.1 U 246 246 296- 16 

4to »6Noallnd 5 3 5)4 4 516+ ft 

•3- 196 Notax --25 4 2 2 2+ft 

2»ft MtoNARov *30 13 8 12 Uft 15ft 1 Sto—to 

29*6 T3to KoCdO 0 904 29ft 27ft 27ft—196 

21? f*®®?**. y? 87 4 1 Uft 1296 1296+ ft 

37ft 3Stk MIPS pMJS 14. V28 27to 27to 27to+ to 

I?ft »6 NuClDf O 13 2 Uft 13ft 1316— ft 

3244 28ft Nlttnac 030 _ 292 30ft 2? to 2966— *6 


27 21*6 Vrbtm fl 

396 1*6 Vorlf 

20ft M VtAmC 34b 
35ft 12ft VtRxb n.l5a 
19 13ft Varna 
21ft 10*4 Vomit 0 .18 
616 396 Vertlbta .15 

496 ZtoVlatadi 
18 lo VIcor a 
4 Zft VI of 90 
7 4ft Vlrco J2t 
mto iftvtahov jen 
lift 494 VtawKr 3* 
tft 3*6 VolMar .T2a 
1716 9*6 Voolox 32 

1516 TftVMcCa 33 


43 23*6 23 
1 2ft 266 


IKS 


ij a m Sft im 

13 14 1596 15*6 15*6— to 

3 9 *8 Uft 1296 12*6— ft 
27 4 48 5*4 Sft 5ft 

4 1 2*4 996 3*6— ft 

11 24 1894 1016 18)6— *4 
7 5 4 396 4 

3A 4 5 4)6 416 5ft + 16 

7314 T7 8 716 8 + ft 

45 7 * 5 416 5 

13 4 35 *16 4 596— ft 

4715 4 11)6 lift lift— ft 

24 5 19 11)6 lift 11)6+ ft 


32*4 28ft Nutnoc 038 


9)6 4*6 WTC 54 -5 496 5 — ft BNP5to-07 

7 Iftftodal) 19 IS S 496 S + ft BNFSto+l 

54 3046WotOor AO 15)1 4 39to 38ft 38*4+ ft BNPStoBSyj 

1246 s Wanes JO 61 9 35 5*6 5ft Sft BNP 199* 

StaWt -s sfe 1 ?: 

1316 4 Ward* a .12 IA 5 25 8*6 8*6 Oft— ft BktoormxS 

23ft 7*4 WmC wt 72 17 1496 1446—ft BaAfrMuaC 

2ft lftWsbHm 5 1ft ift *ft— ft BoncnUntar 

30ft IPftWshPH JO 1512 II 28ft 27*6 2796— 96 BdExfAJaai 

1996 12ft WRIT si 7A16 25 13to 13ft ]3ft—ft Bta Finance 

2*6 4*6 WafsCD 38 23 8 7 10)4 10ft 1016+ ft BOratn Banl 

38*4 1M6 Wttrfrd S32 IA 9 123 3) 20U. 20ft + ft qilatraltD 

22ft lOtoWtWT s JO 138X7 17 17 17—ft CJhcorpim 

994 5ft Wollco JO 3A 7 42 8*6 7*4 9*4+ to Otkora+94 


21to 9 OEA J06 

25ft 15*4 Oakwtf .12 

4ft IftOhArt J4 

1196 ito Oh Saul a 
15 ftoOUalDd AO 

41*6 43160061 bp 381 


Bta 1313 1 Uft Uft Uft—to 

.U A 7 12 19 19 19—16 

34 43 3 5*6 5*6 5ft 

1 8 12 916 (96 9to+ ft 

AO 3J 7 1 12ft 1216 12116 

281 50x558 43ft 642 42 —1*4 


24*6 UftOrtafcH lb 73 4 3 U96 1396 13*6- to 


25ft 7*4 WmC ad 72 17 

1ft IftVtabHm 5 11 

30ft IWaWaftFW 30 1312 Tl 28 

1996 12*6 WRIT si 7A14 25 17 

B*6 4*6 WotB£o JB 23 8 7 10 

38*4 18ft Wttrfrd sJ2 IA 9 123 31 

22ft lOftWlttaT s 38 13 8 X7 17 

994 5to Wollco JO IA 7 42 $ 


lowmr+Un ran M a t Coapsa Maad Bid Askd 
Afrlcxxi Dvf. Bk 7-83 18*6 1-29 9916 UOto 

AtaMI Kuwav Sft-Sl 19*6 7-U 99ft 100 

AllMdlrtab5*644 15*6 900 99* lOOto 

AH lad Irish 5V.-S7 1711/14 IA 99H 99*6 

Anw FlnO-tS 1513/15 ID-22 ) 00to 100*6 

Antatatnftm 7-84 17ft 12+ 99*6 99*6 

Arab Inb Bonk 5*643 197/15 2J 99*6 100*6 

BareiavxO*raos5+0 17*6 12-15 99*6 99*6 

Barck>vsO*taosS9S 193/M 1-29 99*6 9916 
BcaBeta Norton7-81 19 1-25 ioou. uoto 

Ben data Norton 345 U 9/M 944 98*6 99to 
Bcodrln Norton U47 15*6 10-23 Mto 9715 

BcoNXtattrronoTft-eJ 17Vj 1V11 95*6 96to 
BcodoBmzJ &6+B2 W6 2-17 100 — 

8codeMaxica4to-B7 19*6 H-15 «94* 99ft 

Bonn Sarfin 71645 1411/15 185 97*4 9016 

Bco Pinto 5*64$ 19 9/la- 11-10 99*6 9996 

BcoCbxtn Rlco5ft-8S lift 12-11 90 91 

BBLlrdl 115/14 11-20 99to 99ft 

BkBuMpmraU64* Mto 1+23 99ft 99*6 
Bk1r»Jand5to49 191/14 8-25 99*6 100 
BkMonrraolSto-90 Mto 12-11 90*6 99*6 
Bk Tokyo HOB 4*»41 1413/14 1+22 99)6 — 

Bk Tokyo5*6-4* 199/14 1t-t* Iffi lot** 

B* Tckyo HttO T«7 _ 19 V25 99*6 99ft 

Bk Tokyo HdoltHrtl 19 2+ 99to loflft 

Bk Tokyo Hdfl 516-ff - 1ft* T+27 9tto 100 
Bk Tokyo Hdfl 5*693 14ft 1021 9ffft 99 
Buontw Aims7*444 174/14 7-12 9716 98*6 

Bco® Rama647/to 16*6 1-21 99*6 100)6 

BFCEbto-83 16ft 1029 V9to lOOto 

gfCEAtof* I9V6 +26 HKB6 10896 

BNPfMi 15*6 +18 99*6 — 

StlSiS 3 — 198/1* 3-1 100*6 

BNP5to43 199/15 1-21 9tto 

BNP 1982/84 19 +21 loo* 

0NP5to-07 153/lfl 021 90* 

PUPSWAl 191/14 M2 W* 

BNP Sto 95^9 1913/14 W-30 99ft 

BNP 1994 I7to 1+11 98*6 

BmwkeABk 41644 17* 1+29 98)6 

BUE5W49 181/74 020 9Sto 

BkWorms»44 M13/14 1+17 99ft 


171/14 1+1 91*6 99ft 
17)6 12-13 9916 — 

193/M 1-27 100*6 108* 

1916 +13 100*6 100ft 

197/16 12-11 100ft Ifflft 
17to 1+15 996. 99*4 
181/15 12-9 99to 99*6 
183/16 1-M 99 99ft 

18 3/M 11-30 100 100ft 

177/14 1+4 99ft 99ft 

19)6 11-30 99*6 100ft 

199/14 11-18 101ft 102 
19* 2-34 101)6 102 to 

1816 1023 99ft 100*6 

177/14 1+22 99)4 99*4 
1513/15 10-30 Wto 99V. 
ins 12-7 98*6 99U 

19 1-25 Wft 100*6 

111/14 T+23 99*6 99ft 
18* MS 98*6 99ft 
1413/14 10-23 9«to 99to 
14 3/15 1014 98*6 99* 
14ft 024 99to 9®6 
T7ft 1+24 99*6 100ft 
185/15 1-M 99to *9* 

U9A4 1+4 98*6 99*6 

17ft l+3( 97ft 98 
14* Ml 97* 97*6 
19 1-7 ioi loito 


The New 

SILVER SPUR 
SILVER SPIRIT 

Available now 
Paris delivery tax free 
F.R 634.000.00 & 543.000.00 

(ROLLS! 


ROYCE 


FRANCO BRITANNIC 

21 avenue Kleber.,'Paris 16 
500.85.T9 .- 

25, rue P.-V. Couturier. 92300 Levailois 
- ' . 757.50.30 


ssiats 

BNP 7*681 


!p 111? £ S %°y C0Ur Jf'?™ iS Cfl " rts ' Jfea/ ^ Sp°‘ Manna. 

1I>/16 v.7 ^ T 1 TJegant Club. Apartments from $ 200,000 to$ 2 , 000 , 000 . 


BMP783 
BNP 5*681 
BNP 1982/34 
BNP 516-87 
BNP 5)681 
BNP Sto 83/98 
BNP 1995 
BcmakOkBli 41684 


F*6 4ft Ormond 
20 5ft Orrax 
9*6 <46 OxfrdFt Alt 

18)6 stoOcarkA .(0a 

If* 10 PGBbCA 130 
IT BtoPGEpfB 1-27 
lift- 8ft PGEPtC 105 
10ft 7* PGBPfD US 
7ft PQEPfG 1J0 
29)6 2Sft PGEpfZ 4J4 
25)4 28 PGEflfY 3J0 


1J0 li 
4034 . 1C 


12 « 5* Sft 5to+ ft 

94 120 11* 10* 11to+ * 
IX 1 2 5 5 5 

IA 5 254 9* tft 9)6 


35 18U Mft 10*6— to 
1 9ft 9to 916 

11 Sftd t 8ft+ ft 

II ft » 7)4+ ft 

1 8 8 8 + * 

49 25* 2Sft tfh 
74 flto 28ft 2816— ft 


DR6 7ft Wasco A5 4A4 BIB IB 10 — to 


32ft 10 Wstbrn aJO 58S 24* 

2216 mWStFIn 051 ID 18)6 

SI 13* Whltahai 19 235 35 ft 

29* 13* Wichita Aft 5338 101 15*6 

4 1* WlllcxG 4 11 2ft 


23U 15 Wmkoa SAD IS 7 1 17* 17* 1 

1*6 I* WIlSnB 2 1ft Ito 

1M6 8* Wtmclrn SO 4A 7 11 IT* 11* 1 

38* 30 WtaP pf-esa 14. *10 Tito llto 3 

3 2*4 WulfHB S 2ft d 2 


515 24* 2Sto 23ft 
ID lOto 10ft 10ft—16 
19 255 35ft 3376 34ft— 46 
UR 101 15*6 Uft 15*6+ to 

4 11 2ft 2 2 

S3 7 1 17* 17* 17* 

2 1ft 1ft 1ft 

4A 7 11 IT* IT* II*- ft 

U. *10 31ft llto 31ft— to 

S 2ft d 2 2W 


BdAfrMuaOcc5*683 M13/14 1+17 99V1 
Banco Unfan 7)683 13 im 101 97*6 

0q Ext AJoarla 8*684 1915/16 +9 99to 
Bta Flncnca51689/94 Uft M3 99 * 
Banwn Bwjk+89 19ft 11-30 99ft 
CJJJooralTO 193/14 11-30 Wto 

CJttcorp 19B4-RRN 193/14 9-30 99H 

aijccrp 4-94 19* T+W 99* 

ancoraorndtn ibusm i+o to* 
gUmrglftfe wr U 13/M 1+2 99*6 
IB* V-29 99ft 
CCCE5M-89 19* +8 99* 

Crrdrt Aorlcola 4*6-84 1413/14 12-17 99ft 
CCF7^3 Uft 1-13 100 

CCF4V683 Uft 1-U 100 

CCFSto-aS 17* 11A 9946 

C/MjlondSto-fl 18ft 11-J3 100ft 
Cred Konst 5V6-91/97 U +14 99 ft 
Crodlt Lron 6-83_ 19 +15 100ft 


18* M-M 99*6 100ft 
187/14 MS 98ft 99 
U15/15 1030 Wto 99* 

18 S/14 1+91 9916 99to 
Mint 1+31 99* 100*6 

19 +14 99to lOCnk 

If 1/M +9 99to IMto 

IS6 1149 «to 98to 
1P9/M 2-e 99* 100ft 

19ft _ 1-15 99to 99to 

1513/16 1+21 toft 99 
19W +14 99)6 99* 

IJ* +24 9»to 99* 
18 1+23 95ft 99* 

5ft 020 99* 1D0* 

J«I3rt4 10-22 99ft lOo"’ 

ili SSiT 

99/15 1+11 108* 100* 
9 030 99)4 99* 

81/18 1+23 99 — 

41/18 023 99* 99* 

£7/14 11-12 100 — 

W6 , +J4 IDO* 101* 
f JS/14 +15 99* 99* 

II 1/M Ml 98ft 99 


‘Tumberryhle 
YacfU andRjicijiiet Qub 


P.O. Box 630578. Miami. 
Florida 33163 US. A. 
1305)935-0300. 


22* 18 PGgnfW 2A7 14. 29 Mft M 


19* 12toPG&*V 2J2 14. 14 

2016 15V.PDBF1T 2J4 18. Tl 

28* 16 PGEpS 242 14. SB 

9to 7 PGBPfH 1.12 15. 1 

9 14* PGEafft 137 14. 10 

17ft 12ft PGEofP 135 . IS. IT 

16ft 1216 PGEPfO 2 14. 7 

Mto 12)6 POEPfM IM U. 10 12ft 12* 12ft u 

10 14 PGEpfL US 16 4 14* 14 14*+ ft 

17)6 12* PGEPfK IM 16 2 ^ 

19*6 MftPGEPfJ 233 15. 9 15 14* 15 — to 

9 7 PGEofl U» 14 9 Tto 7 7 — ft 

27* 1716 PGTrn 33 3J13 74 22ft 22 22*+ to 

33to 27ft PacLf PI4J8 17. y20 24 024 24 —1* 

Bft 28ft PacLt uUAO li y200 » » » ■fl* 

U» »to PocLY PM58 14. yio Mftifflft Mft+to 

J3to 23 PacTrst tAO if 9 J 27 27 77 + ft 

2Sto 1516 Pasa a 40 14 ISto Mto— * 

aws * v v 1,4 is .4+ * 

« siwas - is * v y ^ 


14 14* 1416 1416 

n u* is* is* 

SB 1416 14 14 — to 

1 7* 7* 7*6+ ft 

19 15)6 Mto 15to+ to 

11 13* 13 13*+ * 

7 12* 12* 12*—* 


916 7ft Wdstrm A0 U10 2 7ft 716 7ft—* Crwftl Lvun 5to<7 15* 

14 8* WkWaOr AS U 8 8 9ft tft 9)6 CretHI NoTI5ft88 IBto 

15* 9 WwErt S 45 239 946 d 9* 9 — * Oulslhjtda Bk5ft-91 193/ 

34* lltoVtaattV J5 J 21 »* 19ft 19*+ * DC Bank4ft-S2 UU 

9* 3 WrnhfH 0 93 3*32-14 M6 + 1-14 Don Nook +Nov9D 193/ 

21 16*Wymnn am 44 7 2 17ft' 1716 17ft dwi Norsk 5-OocM 1711, 

— X—Y—Z — Eutabank 1999 17ft 

7«6 14 Xo)l n 97 40 015* 16 14ft+ * GVowrtnilB 5ft-91 191/ 

20 10ft YonkO n M 4 isto 15ft 15ft— ft gctatxmfc en +19 199/ 

19ft 716Z)Rnn«r 36 2J 9 12 18ft 15* IS*-ft GZBMO M7/ 


CCF4V+83 Uft 1-U 100 

CCFSto-aS 17* Uft 99*6 

18ft 11-23 100ft 

Cred Konst 5W91/97 IB +16 99ft 

CradjtLron5-s3 19 2-14 100 ft 

CrKfll Lvun 5to-S7 15* +18 99* 

CrtxHI Nori5toft8 U* 1-U 99 

Oulstfwda Bk 5ft-91 193rt4 11-5 99* 

DGSank4Vbft2 MU/M 1+17 90ft 

Don Norik8-Nov9Q 193/M 11-5 99 


Non Banks 

taxoer-Mbi cnn-Mot Coupon Next Bid Askd 
JttfOlMB tl S/14 +U 95ft 97ft 

1T1ST16 11-9 98 98* 


'ir*£ 




Dan Norsk +DK90 
Eutabank 1989 


1711/15 +17 99 
I?*_ 1+24 97* 


Gtnwih-alBSft-91 191/14 +23 98ft 
Cotoban ken 5+1 199/18 IV18 99* 


Tto 3*PUMG 57 4 416 4to 5to— ft 

10ft 4* PwtrTU AOb 43 7 9 Fto 016 8)6+ ft 

19* TOtoPenRs a » » >2ft US 12* 

31* It* PonEM AOO 44 9 ] IT* 17ft T7J6+ to 

TTto 12* PanTr IJD IA 5 1 73J* 13* U*+ to 

3* TftPECp J9t rL 4 52 296 2ft 2ft + ft 

29* MtoPeoRE 1 7716 4 34ft Mft Mft— to 

13* 7* PanobS AM 41 4 11 I* I 8ft+ ft 

.15 IA 7 42 9* 9 9ft— * 

79 Ift 1 1* , 

A0 24 9 38 23ft 23 23 —16 

6M PorvD a 34 2A I 12 W* 10 Wft— to 

43* 15* PatLnw 2JM 1X12 3» T7to 14ft 14*— ft 

12*. 10to PatL« , PflAS - 14. IB laft 10V> lOft+to 

3* 2ft PlManlX 43 216 2ft 216 

4 PtanrSv 12 so 4 sft sft— * 

Zft PlanTX JBI IS 3* 3ft 3ft 


29* 22* PenRE 1 7JIB 4 24ft 

13* 7* PanobS A0Q 48 4 IB 1ft 

74* StoPanrtl .15 IA 7 <2 9Vi 

1* 1 Pentrofl 19 1ft 

T7WP«f1n) A0 24 9 38 2316 

u 4ft PorvD * 34 24 I U U* 

43* 75* PatLow 2JM 1X12 3tt 17to 

72*. 10to P«tL« , PHAS - 15. IB Wft 

3* 2ft PlManlX 43 2ft 


Zft PtOrlTX JBI . 11 Sft 316 3ft 

4 4ftPnWVB JH 13. 5 2* 4* 4ft 4to. _ 

Ut 72 PftDM A2 3J 9 » 26* 25 2g»+ * 

59* 33* Pittway IAS *4 8 4 43* 4 Sto 48to— to 

lift 3* Plzzoln 13 15 7» TVs 7ft+ ft 

~ IcrtJ B JO XI 30 14)6 Mto 1416+ ft 

9 92 416 4 416+ to 

At 5J 6 72 5* 8)6 4ft 

l It 235 12* Uft 12 + * 

n 33 39 17 14ft 1M6+ ft 

AO 1+15 34 23* 23 23*+ to 


IX 5 29 4* 4ft 4to 

3J V 20 2*kk 24 2M8+ * 


Uft 3* Plzzoln 13 15 

24* UftPIcrD 9 JO 11 20 

8* 3ft Plata in . 9 92 

Uft 5* PlyGm AO U I fl 
14* Bft Poore B 11 235 

23* 14* PortSV ■ n 33 39 

31ft 15* Fasten AO 1+15 34 

It* IttoPowrT mon 24X7 7 

27 14 Prnlro n .71. 


+ 15 34 23* 23 23*+ to 

24X7 7 lift lift 11V6— to 
71 1416 15* 74 — ft 


2Bi6 is* Prafun 1+2 44 7 4 in in* in- ft 


, 7ft Sto Pratt 
29* T2ft Prod 


53 9 7 Sft .5* 5*+ to 

It TO 123 It* 15* 14to+ * 


Ztft Ifto P ran Ha 144 7A 7 10* Mto .22 to Mto 


27ft 22to PrnCT 20 9.111 

16* lift Pro En 1A4 ix s 
87ft 9 PBCo) PMJS - li 
17* 14ft PBSP ■ PfO+4 li 

19ft IS* PBSP PfDX34 li 


9.1 11 5 23ft Id 22 — to 

IX 5 9 lift 14ft lift— * 

li I7S 20ft 27ft 27ft 
li * » lift 14* 14*- ft 
li 13 15)6 15)6 15ft—to 


17* IlMPvttaH JO 14 7 IX TXft rt* 12*— ft 


14ft Oto puntoG 
19ft 10)6 Pun la pfl.io 

72* 7WREDM 
21* 10ft RMS n 

7^ 


S*zSSSSI«-ai “+5s £ Sft «* 

Sto 9* RcrarO 782 UK IBM 1016— M 

m? ■*» ***** ** MW ^ * 

3% ,S2gSS7! SS SR .5 .8 & iSUhi 

7* 4 RflncT 14* 4* 4*—ft 

14 4* Rflnml n 14 2 * 5* 5* Sto . 

10)6 5* RotaTr J4 tO 5 It 8 6—ft 

20to 11*RsnaiB JS' iSTO . * 73ft 12* 13ft + * 

9* Sft RCOGVO J2- *414_4 7ft 7 7 

32V. It* R*5rt A 7 250 M46 It* 1M6—J6 

n 2* Rasrr Wt 42 216 2* 296+ ft 

34to 19)6 RoartB 8*100 19ft 19ft.im 

816 31% RostAae 4 15 5 4* 4ft 

9* 3to RexNor ..i 4 3ft 316 3ft— ft 

' 9 4 RJbtafP .12 13 S 6 Sto 6ft 6ft 

lift 15* RlcKTC 1 4J 4 45 Uto 15ft 75ft— ft 
« 2m RdiTC Ptt» TX M ^ »k+ to 

34* 25* RtaAta 01JB a 29J4 » 33 — ft , 

23-sap.« • 3 a 4 & % ta 1 --* 

20 ,6 NOBta,. .12 3M2 B 1£ 1«* Ifto-ft 

19 i 12* 12* 12*+ ft 
3 " Roypim 5 122 2V% Ift 2 

15 1« RacH C*< oSfcr <17 2 WHi UJfr— lfc 

4ft Vi RlrfCD 1« * * ^ 

416 216 RBW 12 3* 3* a *— ft 

Uft Ito iSial S AO 29 7 49 1416 14 14 — ft 

lift BM Ryfcoff a AB 4.1 0 I 9* « »-» 

21 IZftRytand *72 SA 8 14 13 «)ZM 12*—to 


S 275 B*d Bft .9)6— to 
. iq 3 11 Tl 11+16 

1 *4 if in, n 7*- * 
14 2 IDto 10k* lOto— ft 

4 1ft Ift ■ Ift. „ 
X224 5 4* 4)6 4ft + ft 


23* ?» RonsrO 1*2 

37* 2fl* ROdttO . M MW Tfl 
9)6 Sft Rdvon Ate X111 3 

34* 1416 Ravin 9 Jt 1A11 U 


7ft 4 RffncT 
14 4* Rflnml n 


32)6 18* Rflirt A 
8* 2* Rasrr wt 
34to 19» RpartB 
Ito 31% RaatASC 
9* Sto RexNor _ 


IS 16 Room 

3 - n* RoyPlm 

15 IOWRimHcK , 
ift ft RtlXCD 
ift XU RBW 


iff* aft 5 PM J4b 
15*-lift SGI. J3b 
3* Ift 5MD 

y* 4 ssp 

28* 77 Sana a 
Mft , StoScton M 
- 7 - Sft&DM pf JB 
v Tto . 8* 5099 Pf +8 
Uft IS . SDpd Pf JA7 


33 13 7 7ft 7* 7ft 

ay 7 Z T2to Uto 1Zto+ to 

S ■ 1* 1* 1* 

5 ito 476 tto 

*.^2 ’ft ^ 

% j a a sts 

17. X4 14* 014* M*- ft 


Sotaa Bourao ora unoffkXal 
d Nawvaartytow.p—NawYaartyhtah. 

Unlasa attwrwtae natad. rafts of dWfdenda In tho tansolno 
tab* art annual d ftftirta manu beaad on me ft auortorly or 
aamtamnual dsetaratfan. Spartal or stare dtvtdeods or aoy- 
niotaa nnt daslmtad na raputar or* MontHtad lo mo toltawhs 


■ > — Ata o oxfro nr axtrea. b—Aonuol rota ptoa stock tflvfctand. 
o—Unubtattrai dMdenX b-Oartorad or paid in oracodtan 12 
month*. J—Dartantaor paidafftr ttack dMctandortatH^ja.)— 
Pota tWa rear, rtvlctand emtaaa dstarred or no arttan taken at 
tart dl vktand maoftna. k—Mcnrod or Paid this var. on occu- 
crotaHva taut wrtft ifMdonda in atmon. n—Now taux r—Da- 
dared or paid ft pracodtna 12 maim* plat stack dividend. »— 
ptad in otock in praaodino 12 mantlw. artbnaftd carti vaM an 
•>dW6ftndor ox+SrtrttuUondata. 

*—EX-dMdend or ax+igbt*. y-ex-divkftnd cmd oataa In full 
z—SotaalotufL 

dd—Coflad. wd—Whan dbtr&vtad. w) Wlwi teuacL ww— 
WHh wdrraaft.x«r—WHhauf wamati. xdta-Ek-dlrtrAuNon. 

v *—in bankruptcy or raooivtn ti ta or balnp rooraanttod und*r 
tm Banknndcy Actor stcurmwastumad bv opcli eomponloi 

Vaarly Mstw and tow reflect tho prnvkxa S2 waeka plus ttw 
correnf woak. Bta not the loftrt iradtap day. 

Wtwra a Mft or dock dMdem amountina la 28 par cam or 
more tea boon pota flw yooTa hipMnw rente and divktand are 
mown *or ttw now stack atay. 


FORA 
MAXIMUM 
RETURN 
ON 
TIME 
INVESTED 


International Herald Tribune 

VMfrtMBfarjix 


Gotobonken+fl 

GZB4-S3 

GZB 516-89 

GZB 516-92 

IBJ 4-82 

IBJ4WC 

1BJ5V>« 

IBJ5to-87 

IBJSU.-OS 

Indb-Suez5ft-5S 

I ndo Suez 51649 


199/M n-18 99*6 
M7/16 1+9 99* 

19* 1V5 99* 

IT}4 1+7 98ft 

lift 1-15 100 


Enpetroi 7-84 
1C (ndiirtrtos 199) 
IHISC64S 
c. iron 516-87 
ThtrilondT-84 
Philippines 6ft-06 
Suml Heavy 5ft+* 
Sweden flock-91 
San»i+e3 
SoM+Bt 
Texts AfrUnos 7-86 
TVO flock-91 


M15/14 11-1 ft* 100 ft Oftswro Mia 1988 


JjSrti +23 ft 100 
185/16 MS ft* — 
7477/18 7027 99ft 780 
S7/M +18 99ft 100 
1513/It +17 98ft 99ft 
It 11/15 1021 ft 97 
131/14 013 99* — 

1815/14 1-21 99ft ft* 
1513/14 010 99)4 100)4 

lift 1 +B 100 100 ft 

19ft 1014 97 90 

10)6 11-30 W* 77* 

189/75 1 21 ft* 100)6 






^6. j 

asg5Fv£»>-- 




V,. n . XHL JW* W?6 Private r^ArtO7+4 1911/1. +10 98* 99ft 
J71/16 1015 99ft 100 J Pwnox 7-84 193/15 I-Z7 ft* 100)4 


'BJSto-OS 167/M 109 ft* 99* Pome* 4-83/7] 155/16 KM 97ft 98 

ndP-Soez»6-45 91/14 I-27 laoft UK* Tutxft Medea 1990 1917/16 7-33 95ft 97ft 

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Selected Over-the-Counter 

new york iapi- Closing Prices, September 14,1981 j 

The 1 allowing lid h a - - 1 

wiacted Notkwwl Secu- 
rltlra Oeoiera Also, 
over the counter Bonk. 

Insurance X Indartrial 
stacks. 


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This IS not intended as a hiH siaiamMD. Fw complete dwads refer» ttw prospartuB 
or rstand documores Bvartabie n purchasere 


YOUR CAPITAL 



m 5 years 

WITH OUR DEFERRED INCOME DEPOSIT SCHEME 
FULL DETAILS AVAILABLE ON APPLICATION 

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bIu sell international limited 

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Please send me defails of yaur£ Growth 8ond. 

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fl8«8 t.dr if yoi/roguire dmto.il of our Time DopoPfi and US Mbr Growth Bondi I~] 


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r^saic 



























































Page 22 


Crossword. 


INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER IS, 1981 


.By Eugene T. Maleska 



ACROSS 
1 Gen. Arnold 
4 Nap 
8 "Blood 
Wedding” 
dnunadst 
IS Ailinggirfin 
opera 

14 State as fact 
13 French soap 
favorite 
18 Eager 

17 Boxing's 
square 

18 Math word 

» ”-the 

Wind,” film 
classic of '81 

22 Landersor 
Miller 

23 Grantor 


24 Uncooked 

28 Companion of 
yon 

28 Uninvited 
ones 

34 Compon ent in 
perfume or 
medicine 

35 Fox or turkey 
follower 

38”-a Song 

Go...” 

37 darlteand 
West 

38 Edwin or J. 

Wilkes 

38 Location 

40Coupd'- 

41 Lhasa- 

(dog breed) 

42 Bodega or 
boutique 

43 Marks off as a 
poor risk 

45-Sea 

(saline lake of 
Calif.) 

WEATHE] 


aloarve 

ALGIERS 

AMSTERDAM 

ANKARA 

ATHENS 

AUCKLAND 

BANGKOK 

BEIRUT 

BELGRADE 

BERLIN 

BOSTON 

BRUSSELS 

BUCMARXST 

BUDAPEST 

BUENOS AIRES 

CAIRO 

CASABLANCA 

CHICAGO 

COPENHAGEN 

COSTA DEL SOL 

DAMASCUS 

DUBLIN 

EDINBURGH 

PLORRMCH 

FRANKFURT 

GENEVA 

HELSINKI 

HONGKONG 

HOUSTON 

ISTANBUL 

JERUSALEM 

LAS PALMAS 

LIMA 

LISBON 

LONDON 

LOS ANGELES 


48 Suffix with 
persist 

47 Certain weed 

48 Parmer of fl 
51 Bacafl-to-Bo- 

gart phrase 

57 Ionian isle 

58 Locality 

88 Little-, 

fictional 

tugboat 

81 CotutyinSy. 

82 Salacious 
expression 

S3 Monster 

84 Like many 
cuts 

85 “iC6mo- 

Vd.7” 

88 Home for two 
peas 


1 ”-Sierra,” 

Bogart film 

2 Belonging to 
me: Fr. 

3 Pan of a 
slangy retort 

4 living room 

5 Like cam pus 
halla 

< Word before 
lease 

7 Therefore 

8 Doom and 
Luft 

8"Two- 

raft" 

(poached eggs 
with toast) 

18 “Rio"giri 

11 Offering to a 
mendicant 

12 Poet’s soon 

13 Paw’s mate 
20 "On Your 

Rodgexs-Haft 
1836 musical 


21 Anger 

25 One-bone 
town 

28 "North¬ 
easter” 

pnbitAf 

27 Heated 

28 Tire feature 

28 Kinds* cut ox- 

beam 

38 Newspaper 
pic style 

31 Thomas 

Stearns- 

32 Prefix with 
grade or 
rocket 

S3 Dutch painter 
or British 
novelist 

35 Constantly 
fail to pass the 
bar 

38 African 
language 

42 Garment of 
Tnrfia 

44 Harm 

45 Tuaregs’ 
region 

47 Canary's 
statement 

48 Con man’s 
s ch e m e 

48 Musical 


58 Bam-Sadr's 
homeland 
53 Shopper 
stopper 

53 “-Men!” 

(Pierre’s 

approval) 

54 Takeout 
phrase at a 
diner 

55 KHharfn’s title 
58 Parisian 

season 
58 Garden of 
Eden fruit 


Rain 

Fair 

Fair 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Mr 

Mr 

Rain 

Cloudy 

Fobbv 

Cloud* 

Oworant 


Cloudy 

Fair 

Fair 

Ovoraut 


MADRID 

MANILA 

MNXlCOClTr 

MIAMI 

MILAN 

MONTREAL 

MOSCOW 

MUNICH 

NAIROBI 

NASSAU 

NEW DELHI 

HEW YORK 

NICE 

OSLO 

PAEH 

PRKINO 

PRAGUE 

RIO DE JANEIRO 

ROME 

SALISBURY 

SAO PAULO 

SEOUL 

SHANGHAI 

SINGAPORE 

STOCKHOLM 

SYDNEY 

TAIPEI 

TEL AVIV 

TOKYO 

TUNIS 

VENICE 

VIENNA 

WARSAW 

WASHINGTON 

ZURICH 


(SB 


INo dV w fn i m t h y p re vious31 hour*. 

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INTERNATIONAL FUNDS 

September 14,1W 


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5, HOW CAN I 6£T7Ue~ 
“ SLNBtOVT Of VOVR 
A RNGEKIFHOUWGN^ 
N IET ME NEAR YOU? 


I PONY WANT YOU 
POKING AROUNPWrm 
THOSE TWEEZERS! 


to WISE GUY, HOW 
I ARE Nt)U GONNA 
v 6ET IT OUT ? J 


IF I shake my manp 

REAL HARP, MAYBE ' 

mx FALL oirri 


IfeUTRCNBCMB 

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Ptcrmktt m 




the last 
tieecf-fet 




on the 

.fkiib. 


Wuefc 


TMEy'RE UOiLTMG A SALE ]BD<B SALE 

s -IM THE MEM'S | MEM’S DEPT. 

DEmPTMENT 


[7UOflL/-l?Y'S 


dB3Sk\ 


LET'S GOTO THE WOMEN'S 
- - O&WCTMBMT jr* 


cookie, You're \wuat po you ( 

IN THE K*ITCHEM ) PO FOR PJSH- 


EYERY pay 






HAHDS 


X GET 

SOME FLUNKY 
TO POTHE 

DISHGS r 



I lS 


WELL. ] 
• DONE,< 
PERCVj 


OWUb IT 

•APPEN? 

rWHY*' 


9QME b#t eiXFIGLJRE 
OOTOMAMiWHY V 
— BUT* BY THEN’ELIO 
> BE DB^YIN* THAT O'V 
L- r DO 'APPEN j 


K5t T lVWj 


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a J/ - ^ 


f.w\ 
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po you havb a sreiuo-\yfc. p ocroz/ 

SCOPE. P&lCiiSSlOH \lU SET TM&A 
HAMMB? AWP OPHTHilL- l FOP YOU A 
MOSCOPE OW TM6 ROOI?? 





the- iNsmv/mrs you wawt 

ABE IW THIS MEDICAL BAG, DR. 

Hanes/ m you e>om 

TO DO A PHYSICAL Pnrjg 




njAcw wzicwam 
imSSufB T**ZBUrHG/B5Sr- 

a-/. 

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sesADKLMrWMe 

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Unscramble these lour Jumbtos. 
orw letter to aach square, to term 
four Oftkwy worts. 


OCTEM 


KOSTE 


DO AG IA 


BELTOG 


THAT SCRAMBLED WORD GAME 

• by Henri Arnold and Bob Lea 
f Meet my luture »an-ln-la 

/«. st Ir 1 


DENNIS THE MENACE 


| ^ 9* 


WHERTETHE 

eligible youMe 
BROKER CAMS 
FROM- 


Now ananga the dretad latter* to 
tom) the surprise answer, as sug¬ 
gested by ih* above cartoon. 




Print answer here: l HI) U . I l kJ 

(Answ er s tomorrow) 

Yesterday s I Jumfates MOUNT GLUEY ASTHMA QUAINT 

drawer. Things lhai axe saW are put between them 

--QUOTES” 


Imprime par P.1.0, -1, Boulevard Ney, 75018 Paris 


*I m HER A 6 A 0 TIME, SHE GIVES YOU A SAD 
TIME.. -THAT'S THE WAY IT 60 ES.* 


Bodes. 


'^^EOGRAPHYOF^WEIMAGmATIOlS 

. fy Guy Ifanvport. 384pp. Cloth $20. Paper $10. 

ECLOGUES - 

• By Guy Davenport. 238 Bpi Cloth. $15. Paper $7.50. : 

North Point Press, 850 Talbot Avenue, Berkeley, Calif. 94706. 

Revicwcdby HOtoaKramer 

A S A MODE oTlitcraiy discourse,artists who were perfortning' 
cnucuan—when it is not amply the great feai of awakening mandiaio.) 
OTmiOT-mMgermg — taito be sense of tbg wodd"It is w them, do • 1 
shaped by the objects inwhtdnt takes scribed as *the whole Tribe of Dae- 
the most intense and protracted inter- dalnsT and to tbdr work that "The 

vision to be found in the kind of poem , . • - 

or painting or other art woik that Dwy Morlest 

moat mg gntly engages his attentam, -Davenport is, to be sore, dub 
and this sympathy — amounting at modest about what this esertiou or 
times to a passion — determines the behalf of the archaic has brought us 
very style of the critic’s discourse. It ’'Whether, indeed, the century's sense 
ako, of course, determines the limits of the archaic served to alleriale «ut 
of the cntics visum. ■ - alienation from what was once mos 

In the case of Gay Davenport, f amilia r, or whether it put our alien* 
wtose amcal wntmgg have now been tion into even starker contrast to ages 
collected in “The Geography of the in which we romantically suppose 
Im ag ina tion, the principal shaping man to have lived more hannomously 
spirit is emphatically that of Ezra and co ngenially with his gods and 
Pound. Not- only is. Pound’s poetry with nature, it"is too early to say," he 
upheld as the fnlcram of the moder- writes. Yet he harbors no doubts! 
mst achievement and bis prose es- about the ideal we should set for oor-* 
teemed as the fount of all critical wis- selves. “The nearest model for a world? 
dam. but in other respects too .— totally alive was the archaic era of our£ 


shaped by the objects in which it re fa ; 
the most intense and protracted inter¬ 
est. An ideal sympathy is established 
between the entie and the habits of 
visionto be found in die kind of poem 
or painting or other art woik that 
most urgently engages his attention, 
and this sympathy — amounting -at 
times to a — dctenniocs the 

very style of the crit&s discourse. It 
also, of course, determines the l im i i y 
of the critics viaon. - 

In the case of Guy Davtmport, 
whose critical writings have now been 
collected in “The Geography of the 
Imagination," the principal shaping 
spirit is emphatically that nf ten-n 
Pound. Not only is.Pound’s poetry 
upheld as the ftuczmn of the moder¬ 
nist achievement and his prose es¬ 
teemed as the fount of all critical wis¬ 
dom. but in other, respects too — 
above alb in his fundamental outlook 
on modern civilization — Pound is 
embraced as a man to be admired and 
a mind to be emulated; he is, in 
Davenport’s opinion, the greatest aes¬ 
thetic intelligence of the modem peri-" 
od. 

Now h takes a lot of talent and a 
lot of learning far a writer to lire m> r 
to the standards of such a formidable, 
model, and it should therefore be sa&| 
straightaway that Davenport acquits 


own culture; pre-Aristotelian Greccefi 
and Rome,” wind) is much to be pre-?. 


ana Kome, wmen is muen to be pre-^, 
fared, one gathers, to the world m : ir 
which "the railroad tracks went down[0 
and the factories up” and "our sdeno-^ 
es began to explain the nw-hanicg Qf|g 
everything and the nature of noth-# 


"what in fact seems to be the case is E 
that this whole romance of the archaic ] 
ir an elaborately constructed preserve.; 
for exercising the ruminative powers 


ability and versatility to his many lit-' 
erary endeavors and is not to be 
confused with the multitude of cranks 
and ignoramuses who have somehow 
found in “The Cantos” a warrant for 
their own misguided effusions. 

Far from finding the shwa- range of 
Pound’s linguistic, Wateriwil and aes¬ 
thetic interests in any way 
he has addressed Jnmsdf to the varie¬ 
ty of challenges with an impressive en¬ 
ergy and application. 

Thus, among themany-subjects dis¬ 
cussed in ‘The Geography, of the Im¬ 
agination” are the writings of Homer, 
wait Whitman, Edgar Allan Poe, 
Louis Agassiz, John Rdririn, Mari¬ 
anne Moore, Wallace Stevens, Osip 
Mandelstam, Gertrude Stan, James 
Joyce. Louis Zukofsky, Cbaries Ol¬ 
son, Eudbra Wdw, and Pound, of 
course, as well as the paintings of Pa¬ 
vel Tchdrtcfaew, the photographs of 
Ralph Eugene Meatyard, and thc mu¬ 
sic of Cbaries Ives. Much attention is 

r a, too, to prehistoric art and to 
sdiolarahip that has focused on 
primitive and prehistoric culture. 

This impassioned discipieship to 
Pound dearly brings many advantag¬ 
es to a mind as responsive and well- 
stocked as Davenport's, but I am 
afraid h also accounts for same of Ms 
less appealing articles of belief. He 
appears to share with the master an 


and a corollary myopia in the realm of 
politics. Sharing Pound’s radical" 
aestheticism, Davenport follows his 
lead in despising almost everything 
about the modem world except its ar¬ 
tistic accomplishments. 

This, to say the least, places a cer¬ 
tain restriction an the range of Davenr 
port’s sympathies. Reading Ms essays, 

I am reminded of a passage in Ed¬ 
ward Slrils’ new book “Tradition." 
“Modem culture,” writes Shfis, “is in 
some respects a titanic and deliberate 
effort to undo by technology, ra¬ 
tionality and governmental policy the 
givenness of what came down from 
the past.” This is precisely what writ¬ 
ers of the Poundum persuasion find 
intolerable-in modem culture, and 
against which that every argument, 
afioaon *nrt creative endeavor is mar¬ 
shalled. That *b»R “ titanic and deliber¬ 
ate effort” may have brought cert ai n 
benefits to mankind is never for a 
moment considered a serious posabil- 
ity. for it is a proposition that ill ac¬ 
cords with a purely aesthetic view of 


1 for as an altana- 
of modernity (as it 


is thus thought to be) is the 

Miltnonp »* raMnl. 


p to Ms many lit-' this respect, certainly, Davenport re- a 
i is not to be mains completely faithful to the. spirit» 
dtitude of cranks of “The Cantos,* in which history is | 
o have somehow constantly bring manipulated to serve n 
is” a warrant for the purpose of image, ideology and M 
ffoszoos. myth. ftt 

Sje sheer range of As a writer of short stories he is, in |§ 
statical and aes- a way, even more of a sectarian than j£ 
y way daunting, he is as a critic. In Ms first book, of S 
sejtf to the vane- fiction,.. “Tattin!,” published seven 2> 
in imprena ve m- years ago, Davenport created a mode a 
of fiction that, despite its obvious 3 
any-soMects di»- debt to Pound, was highly original — || 
raphy of the Im- stories constructed along the fees of a , .1 
itrugs of Horner, pictorial collage that were part histari- 1 
gar Allan Poe, cal fable, part learned essay, part lyric . a 
i Rriskm. Maxi- idylL Densely written, studded with | 
e Steyms, Osip esoteric alluacms, an unf amiliar vo-, _| 
ic Stan, James cabulary and quotations from many -, 2 
ky, Charles CM- languages, and often obscure in the ^ 
and Pound, of actions they depict, these stories defi- " (? 
paintings of Pa- . tritely qualified as a species erf “dae- 'J 
photomphs a f dalian art,” carefully concealing 
axd, and the mu- mpanmgK that had to he pamstaltingty . i 
[uch attention is “searched oul” 

learned ind Ob«Me Myfc J 

ric culture. As its title suggests, the fiction in - j 

discipieship to “Eclogues” is yet another parcel of * \ 
many advantag- learned and obscure idylls. Whether | 
msive andwS- these stories are set in antiquity or in. 
rt*s, but I am the modem world, however, wnat oc- ^ 
i for some of Ms in than is often difficult to fd- , 
s of belief. He lew—until, that is, the inevitable cast 
i the master an of ycNmg. willing, beautifully endowed, u 
i mfiAfro s o ciety male characters in.the “modem: 1 st^ .-« 
a in the realm of ties begin to ped off tacti jeans or i 
bond’s radical ’ some other item of “vestiaty sensuali- » J 
iort follows his ty” as a prehide to a sexual frolic. 
nost everything The sexual parti, pris tha t governs 
dd except its ar- the evocation of the archaic in thisffo-•!- 
l tion is anything but obscure In “The - 

st, places a cer- Death of Kcasso.” a middle-aged 
range erf Daven- male scholar sequesters himself on a i 
iding Ms essOTs, European island in the company of a . ! 
passage in Ed- young man who has had a history of, '7 V 
mc “TiaditmiL” sexual delinquency. After various vi-; 1 
ites Sh ils , “is in oss it udes, none <rf them interesting, 77 
c and ddiberate the young man offers Mmsdf to the. * 
technolray, ra- older man, and the latter is moved to 1 
lental po&cy the declare Ms love; “But I love you just ^ 
me down from so, Beffe Sander, charmingly naked *'• 
isely what writ- and good natored. You keqpxnyimag- 
persnasion find - matron ative. You’ve helped me write ■ 
n cultu re, and my book, you have beguiled all onr 
very argument, time here into a kind of ancient ambi- ? 
ndeavor is mar- ance, Damon tire old shepherd L * 
vac and defiber-^ Mopsus the young shepherd you, full. 

hr mi o K t ry I -tain nf mrr an/I nnann. — 


wnai IS 
tive to the 


longest oi tne stones m txiogues, ' - * 
s om et hing of the flavor of the writing, 
and of the action, maybe discerned m' -'l 
the following passage, which recounts " j 
a sexual pas de quatre involving th re e- ■•*? 
boys and a girl: ‘-il 

“Michel remarked of my cantered'' ’. J 


“the ancient cultures,” which are at ^ 

to have possessed “critical fr yrfs sex a f l ° tl &h t scro tum that interest 

mounts, and crawled over to a dubi- • 
«“ Vk** tore D .him into an arm-., i 


for analyzing reality” superior to ours. 
What is to be valued in the 20th cen¬ 
tury is not so much what it has initial¬ 
ed as what it has rediscovered—most 
especially the “renaissance of the ar¬ 
chaic” that has been pioneered by cer¬ 
tain artists, writers and scholars. It 
therefore follows that the figures to be 
admired, above aQ others in our time, 

Sotaakm to Jftevfoes Puzzle 


.iinno triu^a naciDrc 
innUK oqjh an'-tmiji 
loHnn QEiiRa aQaiii^l 
lanQEanajacacnnci 
uunno unaw 
lidsiI emuyfjel 

I Muncii aaaa uuni-1 
unuau aarj fmaetsl 
uuuu idnan uouuui 
ukohho jaaa 

. ULiOLl QLJULJtJ . 

[□a uua euj u u is a wy y e I 
lijonuop ujaa uoueI 
lncarau a r jau aairit: 
laEJOBtl LW.tUU oaiit; 


Bridge__ 

A N average player in the East seat 
might not see any problem mi 
the deal when West leads the spade 
king against four hearts. He -would au¬ 
tomatically play four, for a 
con tinuation of the suit by concealing 
the deuce. And, as h turns out, he 
would be right. 

But an expert will see a lurking dan¬ 
ger. If Soutb has a doubleton spade^ 
further spade plays wiS establish the 
jade in dummy, and provide a discard 
for a possible dub loser in the closed 
hand. But there is also-a danger in 
playing the deuce as a discouraging 
move: If Sooth has three spades, he 
may have a discard if the spades are 
not quickly cashed. 

The hands Sooth can have with 
three anall spades and a potential ififa 
card outnumber those in which a 
spade continuation wifi help him. But 
il would take a few minutes to prove 
this, and East could only spare a few 
seconds. If he took a long time to 
fwairg his choice; Ms partner would 
know why he was thinking and an eth¬ 
ical problem would be created. 


zle, each with a wiggly nudge of Ms, .7 
nose and a grande, lamghmg and mak-'. 7 
ing a nasty face.” It may be that one-1 
has to acquire a more learned appred-.. 
ation of VirsTs Eclogues in order to't 
get at the concealed meaning here, but .' 
1 frankly doubt it. 

. What is sure is that Davenport’s 
stories will prove to bea boon to fiter- 
axy academics looking for new exam¬ 
ples of “daedalian art” to- explicate. 
What a labor of research awaits fhgmi 
And what a comedy it is to find that' ? 
the destination that awaits ns at the"” 
end of this long descent into the ar- 
chaic is - the seminar room! 


Hitiari Kramer is chief an critic at - 
The New York Times. ' 


... -■ —By Alan Truscott j 

East’s experience told him that a 
was right to signal, and West con tin- - 
ued spades to beai the contract. 


NORTH 

♦J873 

<7108754 

OJ 

* A 82 


WESTCD) EAST 

xr tr : 

0108762 OA94 

♦JS4 *Q10S753 ^ 

SOUTH V' 

4965 
9AQJ82 

«KQ53 i 

*K 

East and West were vulnerable. The J 
biAfiag: 

W«st North East Sooth ^ 

Pass Pass Pass 19 


West led die spade king. 


v 


1 


4 













































































IWTERNAT IOIVAL HERALD TRIBUNE, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER I S\ 1981 


McEnroe Beats Borg for U.S. Grown 


fti 


mm 


TbaAuodcetdtaM 

Bjorn Borg; pausing to muse in the fourth set, with defeat near. 


By John Fcinscrin 

Watidnffon Post Serrax 

.. NEW YORK — John McEnroe 
won his third straight U.S. Open 

4-6, 6-3, to*lie 

was die fourth time in she years 
that Borg had lost the final of this 
tournament. He has failed to win 
die U.S. Open in 10 attempts. 

It was also the third straig ht ma¬ 
jor final that McEnroe has won 
from Bora. He won hoe last year 
and at Wimbledon this summer. 

McEnroe took control of the 
match midway through the third 
set, rallying from 4-2 down to win 
the set, breaking Borg’s serve 
twice. 

After the two players traded 
breaks in the fourth set, McEnroe 
broke ft* a 4-2 lead after Borg 
made two unforced errors at 30-aS. 
Borg saved two match points serv¬ 
ing at 2-5 and wan that game, but 
McEnroe served oat the match at 
15, ending the tournament when 
Borg punched a hard first serve 
long. 

Explosive Start 

The victory was worth $ 66,000 
to McEnroe; Borg collected 
$33,000. 

McEnroe started the match ex¬ 
plosively, winning Ins first three 
service games wii£ the loss of jnst 
one point, getting his first serve in 
consistently. Borg was struggling, 
twice gping to deuce in hiT first 
three serving games but neverthe¬ 
less coming through each time. 
The players reachec3-3 on serve. 

Abruptly the tone of the match 
changed as McEnroe served badly 


and got no bdp from any other fa- ting the exact same shot on break 
cet of his ramp - Bora broke him al pant that be had hit for his first 
love, tha n k s to a for ehand that break, the inside-out forehand for 
McEnroe pushed deep, two a dean winner off a second serve, 
botched volleys and a clean fore- That break proved crucial when 
hand winner by Boig for the game. McEnroe got sloppy in the non 

Borg then bid easily at 15 and game, doable-faulting to 30-40 and 
immediately had McEnroe at losing the game when Borg ran 
triple set point in the next game down a McEnroe volley ami kept 
after McEnroe double-faulted and the ball in play until McEnroe mi 
butchered an overhead. But Borg a backhand deep, 
pushed two second serves deep. The match improved in the piv- 
and McEnroe finally g»m* tip with oul third set. First the mo men moi 
a first serve to reach deuce and get tilted toward Borg as be seemed to 
out of the game when Borg hit a get a grip on thing s- He came out 
backhand wide. of a 15-40 haxnmczlock in the 

The reprieve was. only tempo- fourth game, ripping a backhand 
rary as Borg served out the set with volley. Sun watching as McEnroe 
a strong game, ending with a run- dripped a forehand wide after a 
ning forehand winner and a hard baseline rally. Frustrated, McEn- 
first serve down the middle that roe yelled ** 011 , no" in disgust at 
McEnroe hit deep. the opportunity lost. 

Escape Artist Borg served out the game, then 

^ . continued the pressure m the next 

It was the first time in four a dorp return that set up an 

Open finals that Borg had won the easy overhead got him to 30-30 
first set. But McEnroe is not a and be followed with a backhand 
player who flinches after a poor winner, this one down the line as 
stan. In the second game of the McEnroe hinged helplessly at it. 
second set, he finally brake Bora McEnroe took a deep brcaih. came 
with two gorgeous shots at 30-alL up with a serve down the middle 
Then McEnroe went into the es- proniptly botched Brag's weak 


fourth set, he broke Borg, getting 
to 15-4Q when Borg uncharacterist¬ 
ically hit an easy forehand wide. 
McEnroe then hit another lore- 
hand. this one crosscourt, and he 
was- up. 3-1, needing only to hold 
serve to win the match. 

Borg did not quit. He broke 
back, aided by McEnroe, who ap¬ 
parently thought his break ended 
the match. Borg nailed a volley for 
15-30 and McEnroe double-fauhed 

for 15-40 and hit a forehand long 
for the game. 

But, inexplicably, Borg played 
the next game as sloppily as he has 
ever played a vital game in his life. 
He netted a forehand volley and 
hit a forehand way long for 0-30. 
He came back to 30-afl and then 
hit two easy backhands long, un¬ 
forced errors when they were least 
needed, giving McEnroe the break 
and 4-2. 

When McEnroe held to lead, 5- 
2, he was just one game away from 
frustrating Bora yet again in tins 
tournament and becoming the first 
player to win this title in three 
straight years since Bill Tilden won 
six straight in the 1920s. 


Page 23 





■ 

' •*vt* V ’ 


Vf 















UmdAnkamAond 


John McEnroe with fads U.S. Open trophy after bearing Borg. 


iSovtet Union Humbles Canada in Hockey 


Vj5k ■' By Farion Keese 

r^4 \ NewYork Tima Service . 

^ MONTREAL — Tl»e Soviet Un- 
->■ v kb whipped Canada, &-1, Sunday 
'. .ought to win the Canada Oro hock- 
: -ow.tonrnamcnL Vladislav Tretyak, 
' goahender, blocked 26 of 27 
r -'.'. hots and Screes Shape! ev scored 
_~T." : Hreegoals and Igor Larionov two 
. ^ or. the winners. 

Canada had not lost a game in 
- previous contests in the touma- 

-''.-aoit 1 and had twice defeated the 
'* c soviet team, once in an .exhibition 
: -ame in the roond-iobto 

.. —"reBmmaries. But after a scoreless 
r r -jot. period, the Soviet skaters 
■x*. -area three second-period goals 
. L . i* just one for Canada —by Clazk 
_-r„ ufies of the New Ycnk ldandcrs 
. . ' and then got five more against a 
deaguered Mike Lint of the St 


Louis Blues, the NHL’s top- 
ranked goaltender. 

There were tears and lots of phi¬ 
losophizing in the somber Team 
Canada dressing room after the 
game- “It was a. one-game shot for 


the boards with «nri con- 


th& defenseman from the Montreal 
Ca n adiens, "and the story is, we 
failed to capitalize on all our op¬ 
portunities. Then they got a lead, 
and that changed firings around. 
"When you're behind, yon can’t 
make the other team play your 
game anymore.” 

The Canadian*, led by the line 
of Guy Lafleor, Wayne Gretzky 
arid Marcel Dionne, dominated 
the game in the first period. Hold¬ 
ing the Soviet team to no shots on 
goal fra nearly 12ft minutes, they 
seat 12 hard shots at Ibetyak, 
knocked their rivals spinning off 


nod. It was to no avafl, mainly be¬ 
cause of Trepak. 

The Canadians kepi up Qw pres¬ 
sure in the second period until 
Larionov got dear in the slot and 
scored the first goal by poking the 
puck past Lint, who was screened. 
Then GiIEes took a pass from fel¬ 
ler Islander Mike Bossy and tied 
the score at 8 minutes 2 seconds. 
After that, the Soviet team took 
over. 1 

Shepelev scored the next three 
goals, two in the second period 
and one to start the third. Then 
came a short-handed goal by Vla¬ 
dimir Krutoy, Larionov’s second 
goal, a score by Vladimir Golikov 
ami the final goal by Aleksandr 
Skvortsov. It was embarrassing, 
to Say the least," said Lrat. 


tills Smother Colts’ Offense in 35-3 Rout 


FranAgavyDispatches 

BALTIMORE — JoeFerguscm 

- bw fra four touchdowns and 
' l yards and Buffalo's fierce do- 

- -sc bottled op the Colt running 
‘^ack as the-BiHsrampaged noa 
'-3 tout Sunday night. 

-• 'ergusoa threw scoring, strikes 
33, 6, 54 and 3 yards and Ro- 
. d Hooks ran five-raids far the 
. -er touchdown. Buffalo amassed 
. - total yards to only 197 fra the 
t*. 

Gaugers 28, lions 23 

-i San Diego, Detroit domxnat- 
. : 'he Chmgers as few teams have 
- -e in recent years, keeping pos- . 
ion fra 38:19 to San Diego’s 
■ . 31, but a two-yard touchdown. 
f by John Cappdletti with 56" 

• ^nds left lifted the Chargers to 
x xy, 28-23. “It seemed liketbey' 

' nada Hans to Start ' 

■ Hanoi Sports Pool 

limed Press International 

. . -TAWA —The Canadian gov- 
: tent will soon introduce legjs- 
n to set up a national sprats 
- to fund amateur sport, arts 
culture programs, medical re- . 
. b and major sprats events 
: • as future Olympics, federal 

* _. :s Munster Gerald Regan said 

lay. He estimated mat the 
would net about S50 mSfion 
■. -. ■ • " 
told a news conference that 
' : -. ool system will be similar to 
" ©akin Britain. With tickets 
' i. between $1 and $2, the 
will predict the outcome of a 

match in advance of the 
> What com teams will be 
. '" ved has not yet been deter- 

:- : L ' 

; y 

TL Standings 

EASTERN DIVHIOM - 

w L T Per PF PA 
•• » 7 2 I J30 JW SW 

' ' . d 6 • MO W1 V* 

t | 9 0 .TOO 145 343 

MG 1 SO M » 

WESTERN DIVISION 
-’or i i i 150 ms aa 

mbta 1 l • 0 JOB M 334 

-- - ana « 4 0 M0 » Mi 

3 5 4 0 -SSi 245 1*7 

5 4 8 -SS6 TO 20J 

SaMnyV RbsoUo 
' El Toronto 6 

Hon 38. Brttllh CohmtMa 21 


had the ball all the time," said a 
refieved Dou Cbryefl, San Diego's 
coach. • ? y " 

... - Cowboys 30, Canfinab 17 ■ 

, In UKl-degee heal on the; fieid 
in Irving, Texas, Rem Springs 
scored ihree times chi short runs 
Era Dallas^ Rafael Septiea. locked 
thire field goals and Tony Dorsett 
carried^ 16 .times fra 129 yards, as 
Dallas whipped Sl Louis, 30-17. 
The Cowboys have won 11 consec¬ 
utive . regular-reason games.. at 
home and have beaten the Cardi¬ 
nals seven straight times. 

Eagfes 13, Patriots 3 . 

In P hiladelphia, kicker Tony 
F ranklin and fiiTThiick Perry Har¬ 
rington, who had been under criti¬ 
cism from coach Dick Vennefl, led 
the Eagfes to a 13-3 defeat of New 
England. Franklin, who had drawn 
VennoTs wrath because of his life¬ 
style, kicked field goals of 46 and 
22 yards. Harrington, criticized for 
poor Mocking and inconsistent 
pass receiving, ran six yards Fra the 
Eagles’only touchdown. 

Seabawks Broncos 10 

In Seattle, the crowd of 58,513 
exulted as if the Seahawks had 
won the Super Bowl when they got 
their first victory al home since 
1979 by editing out Denver, 13-10. 
A 22r-yard field goal by Brea Her¬ 
rera in the; third quarter provided 
the'margin to end a lO-gazne Seat¬ 
tle losing streak. 

Be^ab31,Jet5 30 

In New York, a three-yard scor¬ 
ing pass from Ken Anderson to 
Archie Griffin and a 12-yard 
touchdown run by Mike Sl Claire 
with a recovered fumble within a 
31-second span late in the fourth 
period lifted Cincinnati to a 31-30 
victory over the Jets. 

Richard Todd threw three scor¬ 
ing passes — two to Jerome Bar- 
kum—but lost the critical fumble 
at the end after being hit by Ross 
Browner. “Ross made the play," 
said Sl Claire. “He pm the pres¬ 
sure on Todd. He sacked him. He 
forced the fumble. I just saw the 
ball and that’s ah there was to iL" 

49ersZ&, Bears 17 

In San Francisco, Chicago's 
Walter Payton rushed fra 97 yards. 


putting Mm 33 yards behind for¬ 
mer Greed Bay star Jim Taylor, 
. the fourth-leading rusher in NFL 
history. But Payton lost two criti- 
: cal fumbles, one_aLthe 49ers’ two- 
yard line, the 49ers took advan¬ 
tage of Payton's mishaps and rode 
Joe Montana's three touchdown 
passes to victory, 28-17. 

In other games Sunday, New 
Orieans upset Los Angeles, 23-17, 
Houston downed Cleveland, 9-3, 
Atlanta rallied to beat Green Bay. 
31-17, Kansas CSty beat Tampa 
Bay. 19-10, and the New York Gi¬ 
ants brat Washington, 17-7. On 
Thursday Miami trounced Pitts¬ 
burgh. 30-10. Oakland was playing 
Minnesota Monday nighL 

NFL Standings 

AMERICAN CONFERENCE 



W 

LT 

PC t. 

Pf= • 

PA 

Bultato 

7 

9 a 

1000 

u 

3 

Miami 1 

3 

0 0 

woe 

so> 

T7 

Bctamorc 

1 

1 0 

JOO 

32 

a 

newErtfltanfl 

0 

2 0 

JMO 

31 

42 

H.Y.Jati 

0 2 0 
Centnd DtvWae 

4)00 

30 

62 

Hmtan' 

2 

0 0 

1400 

31 

2} 

CWdnnatl 

2 

0 0 

14)00 

SS 

51 

Cievelantf 


2 0 

4)00 

17 

S3 

PltTSOU/Oh 

0 2 0 
western DMMon 

4)00 

« 

67 

KaneatCIty 

2 

0 0 

14 m 

» 

43 

SanDfooo 

2 

0 0 

UM6 

72 

37 

Seattle 

■ 1 

1 0 

JOO 

34 

37 

Denver ' 

1 

1 0 

set 

19 

20 

Oaktand 

0 

1 0 

4300 

7 

9 


NAT >QMACCONFERENCE 


PWmMsMe 

Dallaa 

RV.Gtanti 

SLUM'S 

WMtilnston 


2 0 0 IIIW 37 U 

2 0 0 UOB Si 37 

) it jo s n 

0 2 0 MO 34 SB 

a 2 0 400 17 41 


S unday ’s Major League line Scores 


AMES ICAN LEAOUB 

/ « . ooo 202 on—* a a 

on aw«K—a n o 
- - - . v.Mmm J« and Diaz. Han e y tai; WH- 
.. <d«r «j, Tobtk (tV, Ktrmy WV. Wttw 
■ »l nod Fatev. W— Wbonot. TO-7. L— 

- S< 

ooo 302-acn— « >1 0 
k two 4W 10x—10 t2 0 

w x AMMe 13}. Tutor 13]. Crovtford t«, 
I n oad AHonoon; Gutdrv, Fneter (5), 

- I. Lo Roche (9) amd Caroae. W-Gul- 

■ l—■ reran, M. HRs—Boston. Pern.' 
. Vork,«VIiifltMnB>, Watson (4). 

1»2Bt 0MV-* 13 1 

o 101 000 0J4—7 12 B 

- Former (0), Hldcev t9). Hoyt (9} and. 
till (A), Ftsk (9); Oxnr, VoHItc 

inor. w—uesHtc ML Hickey, 0-2. 

amaMarrlnni*). 

* mwtoM * o 

* »0 400 IQx—s 8 0 
‘SchnoWw (4), LiNfetar (S), Stoddard 

>■ rfaham, DontMer IB; VdkovKIv Edtt- 
McClure (M and SUnmcMO. W—VXikO- 
Llr-Ua»44. 

mvM oaz ooo-/ii o 
" 3 46B ■351,9bt W—112 1 

.. t. MotJock {4).S<lvTiWt (4). Butcher f7). 
( u Oirt Sww«*r*j Wtil.Aase (61. 
jeHemn (•>. Rente (ID) and OR. IN— 
> 4. L^Comer,T-X.HR*-ColHWnta. ww- 

^ jfeti (W), Bedquaz (2). " 

. A '«y twntt osoom-6 a o 

001 000 2M 000—5 U 1 
. ^ Qulaenfaerrr (II. somiorti C1M, and 
, McCnttr, damn 01. Undenwod nPv 
11 and Mcatti. W—suimortt *4. L— 

. hr—O akland. Medoto (SI. 


NATIONAL. 1.BAOUS 

mlladtftP'lla 000 002 000—2 9 1 

PIHsbundl BOO WO (to—3 * 1 

pavi*. Rioed f«J and Morttand; Jan**. T**ulvc 

(Wandl^V^ann.WA.-RBBd,*^ • • • 

'fioftDteSO HO® *0 OOO 6 w 2 

OOO tw oil 1—4 » 0 

Kafmh«. Umo (V, LWloflold (91. Luats (9). 
Boone (10). show (10) and Gwomz, Kennedy 19>; 
Mcwnuams, Oortior W. Como (ID), HroDostnr 
HO) and SonecOcti Ow*n t9t- W-UKOS.4-T. L- 
ConnU 

Lm Anoefes 010 100 200—4 6 4 

ioo ooo Bio -2 a o 

. Wekft. CaaKUo 15), FWWW W, SWmtDI) 
am Sdoe«So> Posiort, LaCon til, HunWfflww 
tyswry, Natan (7). W-CasWta. W-L-PaitaT. 
M. HRt-Ufr AiOTtas, Mm (91. Ondnnofl. 
OMtarMh . 

NmeYorti ■' 000 820 OOD—2 9 * 

SL LOCHS 200 001 B1»—46 T 

Lynch. Lwai 15). ww> W..«v 
Hoaws rn; Aodutar, Bair (71,5vWW W 
aanAK.T«nan L-laocJi. 

. 2W 025 000 10 W 2 

OiieaM BOO 810 112 — I^U D 

■ SondOrtMV SnUlU IM. Frvmon t *1 an3 Cnrtiri 
KAitamb Honati (5). Smith («). Throw (A). 

m. CoudH (9) and Oavfs. W—Sander 
twv >4. L—Krutaw, b-f. H»—Montreal, wral- 
ta*h M-CWawvWafl nl.Uswta Ol. 

San Francisco 000 000 000-0 f 1 

Houston ' 100 OU il«r-3 7 ^ 

,. Afenttider.-lfoJta'd (a) ond Brenta. Mov (7)J 
Kt up a ir . LaCorta (81 artd Artbv. W—K n e w» r. 
W. L—Ateondsr, t>7. 


ceotrnl DtvUton 

Detroit 1 10 SD0 47 45 

Green Bov I 1 0 JOO 33 « 

TamoaBay 1 TO 3132 

Minnesota 0 1 0 X00 13 21 

Chicago 0 2 0 OOO 36 44 

Wtastera Mvtsiaa 

Atlanta 3 a 0 1 X 00 a 17 

Son Francisco 1 I 0 JB0 45 41 

New Orleans 1 I 0 .500 21 44 

Los Angela o 2 0 .000 37 SO 

MaadayV Same 
Oakland si Minnesota 

Renner Wins Golf Classic 

Umied Press International 

SUTTON, Mass. — Jack Rainer 
shot a cwo-under-par 69. capping a 
stretch of 52 consecutive holes of 
even-par golf or better, and posted 
a two-shot victory Sunday m the 
Pleasant Valley Classic. 

Major League 
. . Standings 

AMERICAN LEAGUE 



W 

L 

Pcs. 

CB 

Detroit 

22 

11 

457 

— 

KOw York 

19 

14 

-57* 

3 

Milwaukee . 

20 

u 

sn 

3 

Ball) more 

It 

15 

-545 

4 

Boston 

17 

IS 

-531 

4 VS 

Cleveland 

17 

ie 

AM 

6. 

TWCH0O 

- IS 

Mart 

16 

AM 

6 

Kansas atv ■ 

« 

15 

X 

— 

oaktand 

15 

U 

M 

7 

AflnnexAa 

16 

IS 

471 

TO 

Texas 

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cape-artist act that enabled him to 
survive his five-set semifinal 
against Vitas Gerulaifis. In the 

40 when McEnroe pasiLd^an easy 
volley long. The next point was a 
long one, rare in that north er play¬ 
er came in. finally Borg slapped a 
backhand long. McEnroe came up 
with a good fust serve and got out 
of the trap to lead, 3-0. 

He built hwnggtf a cushion by 
breaking Borg for a 5-1 lead, hit- 

Red Sox Fall 
To .Guidry’s 
Hot Yankees 

FmmAgtftcyDijpaUJta 

NEW YORK — Ron Guidry 
won his seventh game in a row as 
the Yankees trounced the Red Sox 
Sunday, 10-6. 

WDhe Randolph’s three runs 
batted in. pins borne runs by Dave 
Winfield mid Bob Watson, let the 
Yankee left-hander retire with a 
comfortable lead after five innings. 

Tigers 8, Indians 6 

In Detroit, Rkk Peters angled 
home die tie-breaking run in the 
sixth inning and Kirk Gibson fol¬ 
lowed with a two-run, pop-fly dou¬ 
ble to key a four-run burst with 
which the Tigers beat Cleveland, 8- 
6, for a thre e -game series sweep. 
Mih Wilcox won his 10th game. 

Twins 7, White Sox 6 

In Bloomington* Minn, pinch 
hitter Kent Hrcbek climaxed a 
foex-run rally in the ninth with a 
two-run single that gave Minneso¬ 
ta its sixth victory in a row and a 
7-6 triumph over Chicaga 

Royals 6,A*s5 

In ' Oakland, Willie Wilson’s 
bloop single scored Cesar Gerani¬ 
um from second with two out in 
the top of the 12th to break a 5-5 
tie and give Kansas City a 6-5 vic¬ 
tory over the A’s, who had tied the 
game in the eighth. 

Angels 8, Rangers 7 

In Anaheim, Calif., Juan Ban¬ 
quet lifted a sacrifice fly to score 
Dan Ford in the 12th as California 
ended an eight-game losing streak 
with an, 8-7 defeat of Texas. 

Brewers 5, Orioles 0 

In Milwaukee, Ben Oglivie 
keyed a four-run fourth-inning 
with a two-run tingle and Pete 
Vuckovicb, Jamie Easterly and 
Bob McClure combined for a six- 
hit tiratom, leading the Brewers to 
a£5-0 victory over Baltimore. 

Dodgers 4, Reds 2 

In the National Lragne, in Gn- 
cbmati. Dusty Baker homered is 
the second and Ride Monday sin¬ 
gled home the tie-breaking run in 
the fourth to pace the Los Angeles 
Dodgers to a 4-2 triumph over the 

Cincinnati scored in the Ttrsi 
when Ken Griffey and Dave Con- 1 
cepcion singled and thud baseman 
Pedro Guerrero committed an er¬ 
ror, but Baker’s homer in the sec¬ 
ond tied it at 1-1. The Dodgers 
went ahead, 2 - 1 , and added two 
runs in the seventh to finish starter 
Frank Pastore (3-7). 

Expos 10, CUbs 6 

In Chicago* Andre Dawson and 
Larry Parash drove in three runs 
apiece for Montreal as the Expos 
brat toe Cabs, 10-6. Tim Wallace's 
fourth homer leading off the third 
gave toe Eapos a 3-0 lead, and run- 
scoring singles by Dawson and 
Parrish increased it to 5-0 in the 
fifth and pinned the loss on Make 
Krakow. 

Cardbah 4, Miets 2 

In SL Louis, refief pitcher Jesse 
Orosco balked Tito Landrum 
home from third base in the sixth 
inn mg to <n*p a 2*2 tie, and toe 
P.ai-rfm.ai« went on to beat New 
Yotk.4-2. 

Pirates 3i,FhB6es 2 

In Pittsburgh, a pinch single by 
Jason Thompson drove borne two 
runs in the eighth as Pittsburgh 
beat Philadelphia, 3-2. Omar 
Moreno began the rally with one 
oat when he was &fe on an error 
by shortstop Lany Bowa. 

Padres 6» Braves 4 

In Atlanta. Juan Bonilla tingled 
home pinch runner Mario Ramirez 
and Lais Salazar added a two-tun 
triple in the 10th inning as San Di¬ 
ego beat the Braves, 6-4. 

Astros 3, Giants 0 

In Houston. Craig Reynolds 
scored a ran and drove in another 
with an infidd hit to support the 
combined nine-hit pitching of Bob 
Knepper and Frank LaCorte, as 
toe Astros blanked San Francisco, 
3-0. The victory was Houston’s 
11th is a row at home. 


return, netting a forehand volley. 

It was 3-2 for Brag and toe 
crowd was cheering him on. When 
be held for 4-2 with ease, McEnroe 
appeared to be in trouble. Bui 
McEnroe played the next few 
games brilliantly. 

TopspinLobs 

He held al 30 for 4-3 and then 
played as good a game as any seen 
here in toe last two weeks to get 
the break back. He hit a hard 
backhand crosscourt past a star¬ 
tled Brag fra 0-15. Borg got one 
back on a deep McEnroe fore¬ 
hand. It was a brief respite. McEn¬ 
roe hit a perfect topspin lob six 
indies in. hit a perfect backhand 
pasting shot, and came up with an¬ 
other incredible topspin lob, this 
one on the ran after Borg had fol¬ 
lowed a first serve to net. 

McEnroe held serve with three 
first serves and an ace for a 5-4 
lead. Quickly he had Borg down, 
15-30, with a forehand volley and 
another running forehand winner 
down the line. When Borg 
punched a foreband approach 
long, it was double set point 

Brag climbed out of that with a 
screeching backhand and service 
-winner. But McEnroe placed a 
backhand in toe comer where Borg 
coaid only hh it wide and followed 
with his mtide-out forehand a gain 
to set up a titter forehand volley 
for the set, 6-4. 

McEnroe was flying now, his be¬ 
havior impeccable, ms game bet¬ 
ter. In the fourth game of the 

Smith Double in Doubles 

Sew York Tbna Service 

NEW YORK — Anne Smith 
shared two U.S. Open doubles ti¬ 
tles, teaming with Kevin Curren 
for a 6-3, 7-6 victory in the mixed 
final, and returning with Kathy 
Jordan to brat Rose Casals and 
Wendy Turnbull in the women’s 
doubles final. 6-3,6-3. 


The Crowd’s Favorite Was Gone 


By George Vecsey 

Sew York Tima Semce 

NEW YORK — “Where did he go?” a tournament 
official asked, scurrying through a tunnel underneath 
the National Tennis Crater Sunday night on a search 
for Bjorn Brag. 

After toe 2-hour-40-minnte final. Borg skipped toe 
traditional award ceremonies and postmatch news 
conference. He dis ap peared after his last shot lofted 
over toe baseline. coach and constant compan¬ 
ion, Lennart BergeUn, moved quickly through the 
crowd and down a passageway. 

The two men met under the stands and moved 
rapidly through corridors. In the plaza area near toe 
scoreboard, fans tuned and gaped at toe Swedish 
pair striding quickly in the v tibmpany of security 
agents. The entourage moved through a hall up some 
stairs and through a door of the players’ locker room. 
A sign said: “No Press Sunday.” 

The crowd of 18.804 was not told why Brag 
skipped the ceremonies. On the court, John McEnroe 
was making a gracious speech. Bjorn Borg was not 
talking. He was moving out. 

The door closed to the locker room. Four plain¬ 
clothes officers from the Queens Task Force stood 
outside the door. Another officer called out, y Bring 
thr car around.” 

This was toe way Bjorn Borg's 1981 U.S. Open 
ended: in shod: and pohaps in fear. At a quarter to 
five, while Borg was winning the first set — toe only 
set he would win— 1 a death threat had been received 
at toe switchboard of toe tennis center. 

Borg had received a threat on Saturday but was 
not informed until after his victory over Jimmy Con¬ 
nors. Sunday he probably did not learn of the threat 
until after toe mgtdi A tournament offidiil said no¬ 
body on the committee told either Bergelin or Borg 
during toe niaigh and nobody was seen talking to 


Borg during )L 

While Brag was out on toe court, alone with John 
McEnroe, a lew hard-eyed men scattered around the 
portals, paying no attention to the action but scan¬ 
ning the stands. 

None of tins newest commotion may have affected 
Bjorn Borg, six times the champion in Paris, five 
times the champion at Wimbledon, and the senti¬ 
mental favorite for most fans at the tennis center 
here. In all his 10 visits to the Open, perhaps he did 
not entertain people like Ilie Nastase or charm peo¬ 


ple like John Newcombe or light up the crowd with a 
smile like Manuel Orames. Or win fans with his sen¬ 
sitivity tike Guillermo Vilas, or inflame emotions like 
Jimmy Connors and John McEnroe. But he has 
played superbly and lived as a gentleman. 

In toe hometown of John McEnroe, the vast ma¬ 
jority of fans were pulling for Borg. In this disco age. 
New York fans more often chant vulgarities at visit¬ 
ing sportsmen, hot a superb Swedish tennis player 
long ago won them over. 

Most fans wanted Brag to win one American title. 
McEnroe was on his best behavior and playing well, 
so there was little to boo. The crowd dapped when 
McEnroe slammed a ball into the net after being bro¬ 
ken in toe fifth game of toe third set. 

But Bjorn Borg could not beat John McEnroe. Af¬ 
ter their emotional confrontations here and at Wim¬ 
bledon in toe past, Sunday's match was quick, deci¬ 
sive and a bit sad. If Borg has not won the U.S. Open 
in 10 trips to New Yort perhaps he may never do iL 

He may have been thinking that as the plainclothes 
officers led toe way down a back stairway. The most 
successful tennis player in toe world for much of the 
past decade was escorted past greasy puddles from 
toe kitchen. His hair was still wet from the shower. 
At one parti col arty greasy comer, he pointed to warn 
Bergelin not to slip. 

Borg P A Great Champion’ 

From Agency Dispatches 

NEW YORK —*Td like to join in commiserating 
with Bjorn because he's a great champion," McEnroe 
said to toe crowd as he accepted the winner’s trophy. 
*T think he's going to win this damn tournament 
some day, but hopefully not when I’m here." 

"1 don't think he was really sure what he was 
doing" McEnroe said later. "He’d come in [to the 
net] and then wasn't really sure whether he should 
have or noL" 

"He played a great first set but then for some rea¬ 
son he seemed to let up" McEnroe said. "I was really 
surprised by toe way he tried to play today. He didn’t 
seem to know what he wanted to do a lot. He didn't 
play his game today.” 

Sunday night McEnroe bad firmly established 
himself as toe No. 1 player in toe game. Tone for 
celebration? "Maybe for a little bit, he said. “But 
not for that long You have to go on." 


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Pace 2 i 


INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15,1981 


Art Bnchwald 


The Friendly Skies 

\\ — A> more He weighed my b agg a ge a 

. ■; ■*■' ~ raj.vr i:rur.e> he asked me hem much I »i 

f” 5 * ^. W * T ! S I lied and said 190. H 

^aru-a;£>. :.*.j «.ack is King down 200 

- , ‘ :r ' : " >ir -£t hr -z «m- ‘'People always lie 

...Li .cr -Lr.eS- nninHc ” hw oiM , 


A Kabuki Onnagata 


PEOPLE: 


^ r.a: make? iris «cidn§ is that 
ihe r.sw airlines are fr.isa oerv- 
tting from ^Vor'.c War il DC-?s to 
•itlie ?Lines :ca: 

C2TS 2.1 O—i jam 

The planes haw 480fih459l 

of a Boeinc or a k ^Jr 
L ockheed" jet- A 
Lr.er. but there is R- . 
a sense of adven- 
ture about flying Ss ^ fs? 
or.e :iui mak« Buchwald 
jou taint: you're 
in a time warp, and part of the ear¬ 
ly days of flight, before they had 
Flight attendants and in-flight 
movies. 

V»'e have such an airline on Mar¬ 
tha's Vineyard which provides ser¬ 
vice between the Vineyard. Boston 
and New York. Ev^ry trip off and 
on the L<land is an eepehence that 
cone of the major airiir.es can pro¬ 
vide. 


He weighed my baggage and then 
he asked me how much I w eighed. 

I lied and said 190. He wrote 
dowa 200. 

"’People always fie by 10 
pounds." he said. Then he gave me 
a boarding card. “The heavy peo¬ 
ple will sit up front — the lighter 
ones in the back of the plane.” 

As night time approached I 
stood outside with Stone. Sudden¬ 
ly Jane drove up. “I've changed my 
mind.” she said, throwing her arms 
around me. “I want Peter to take 
the flight and 1 want to marry 
vou." 


Tamasabwro Hondo Specializes in Female Roles 


By Christine Chapman 

Irjemstcnel Herald Tribune 


'"TOKYO — As a young man. 
JL Tamasaburo Banda is a 


M> friend Peter Stone took me 
to the airport for a flight to Bos¬ 
ton. Since we both had flown the 
route before, we discussed it a> if 
he were Spencer Tracv and I was 
Clark Gable. 

“I'll take the fright, and you 
marry Jane.” he ?aid." 

“No." I told him. “Hi like the 
flight and you marry Jane. She re¬ 
ally loves you." 

“How do you know ?" he asked. 

“Because "she begged me not to 
let you take the fright." 

“Why didn’t she say something 
to me?' 1 

"Because she was afraid you'd 
do something stupid Like knock me 
out. and then take the fright so we 
could get mamed." 

“Okay, you uke the flight and 
I’ll marry’ Jane. If the marriage 
doesn't work out. I'll take the 2 «t 
flight and you many her if I don't 
make it." 


We went back inside but the pi¬ 
lot said it was too late. He haricc 
load the luggage on the plane. He 
picked up his microphone and 
said. “Cumulus Airlines' Flight 
1786 is now boarding for Boston 
with intermediate stops in Hyan- 
nispon. Pro vines town and Woods 
Hole.” 

“But." f protested, “there are 
eight of us already, and with two 
pilots that makes 10. Why do we 
have to stop?" 

“Who said anything about two 
pilots?” he replied, “We have room 
for one more passenger in the co¬ 
pilot's seat, and we may get lucky 
and pick up one at an intermediate 
stop." 

“Look.” I said to Peter, “vou 


charmer — boyish and frank. As 
a woman, he is beautiful and se¬ 
ductive. capable of intense pas¬ 
sion and cold-blooded rounder. 
Tamasaburo. as the Japanese call 
him. is the country's most popu¬ 
lar onnagata. a Kabuki actor who 
plays female roles on stage. In 
Japan's favorite dramatic an the 
roles of women have been played 
by adult men since 1652 when 
the eroticism of women perform¬ 
ing on stage, and later of young 
boys, was considered a threat to 
public morals. 

“Acting is always going to be 
somewhat immoral,” explained 
Bando in his dressing room at 
Kabuki-za. the Tokyo borne of 
Kabuki. “The stage is where peo¬ 
ple throw all their immoral wish¬ 
es and the actor is a deliverer 
who allows the audience to im¬ 
pose their immorality on him. If 
he can bring the audience to 
catharsis as. for example, in a 
seduction scene, that's perfec¬ 
tion." 


mild case of polio and became 
stages truck. In Japan the promi¬ 
nent Kabuki players come from a 
long family line of actors, but 
Bando’s parents did not belong 
to the theater world. His mother 
managed a restaurant in subur¬ 
ban Tokyo. So when he was 6, be 
was adopted by ihe Mori la the¬ 
ater family, with whom he was 
then studying dance, and they 
trained him in other disciplines 
of the profession. 


structure it's possible to produce 
a natural world." 


take my place and I'll marry Jane." 
“.Are vou crazv?" Peter said. "If 


you make it to Boston you can 
mar rv anvbodv vou want." 


When we jot to the airport. 1 
checked in my lujjage. The man 
behind the counter was wearing a 
sharp blue uniform with four 
stripes op. :L 

“You counter people have snap¬ 
py uniforms." I said.* 

"What do you mean counter 
people”" he said. *Tm the pilot" 


The passengers walked toward 
the uny plane and before climbing 
the two steps, the pilot took our 
boarding passes. Then he crawled 
in behind us. closed the door and 
crawled down to his seat. 

"Welcome to Cumulus .Air¬ 
lines.” he said. “On behalf of the 
entire crew we hope you have an 
enjoyable flight. Government regu¬ 
lations require me to teil you in the 
unlikely event of any trouble your 
seat is’ your flotation jacket, so 
please don't forget it when going 
out the emergency exit door, which 
is the same door you came in." 

The pilot got out of the plane, 
turned both propellers by hand, re¬ 
turned to the plane, and then we 
were barreling down the runway. 

1 looked out the tiny window of 
the plane and saw- Peter and Jane 
waving. This didn't shake me. 
What "shook me was that the pilot 
took his hands off the throttle and 
was waving back. 

C / os;. Lcs Angela Tims 


Western Roles 

.Although only 51, Bando has 
played not only princesses and 
prostitutes in Kabuki and in 
Shimpa. the 19th-century melo¬ 
drama: he has also in recent 
\ears undertaken Western roles 
in translation. In 1976 he 
received great acclaim for his 
portrayal of Lady Macbeth. He 
has played Marguerite Gautier in 
the vounger Dumas' “La Dame 
aux carac!ias" and Desdemona. 
Of his stage appearances a West¬ 
ern writer said: “One no longer 
thinks about w-hat sex he is in 
real life.” 

Two years ago be appeared in 
his first film, a rather garish ver¬ 
sion of a Japanese legend, and he 
had a strong reaction to seeing 
himself. 

“1 lost my appetite for about 
10 days." he said. "Performing 
on the stage you can never see 
yourself so you become puffed 
up with vanity. But. on the 
screen seeing yourself for the 
first time is a desperate 
moment." 

Bando has been acting since he 
was 6. .As a small child he studied 
traditional dance as therapy for a 


Beheaded si? 

At 7 Bando made his Kabuki 
debut playing a child whose head 
is cut off during the play. 

He was delighted, “ft was like 
a dr eam. I woke up every day 
thinking how wonderfuL 1 can 
perform again today.” 

.As a teen-ager he moved into 
the Moriu home and de c ide d 
upon his course as an onnagata. 
A child can play both male and 
female roles, but the yotmg actor 
must decide according his special 
talents and by the way his voice 
and body develop which role to 
play: that of tachiyaJa *. male per¬ 
former. or onnagaUL Bando is 
slender and tall: ms natural voice 
is pleasantly husky, a nice change 
from the high-pitched, stylized 
tone be uses in Kabuki. His face, 
which seems as pen and guileless 
as a 12-year-old’s, is completely 
transformed by Kabuki make-up. 
He applies white paint to his face 
and neck with a wide brush. An 
attendant paints his back, remov¬ 
ing Tour acupuncture needles 
from beneath his shoulder 
blades. The strain of acting in a 
Shimpa role, in which he uses his 
back effectively, is relieved at 
night by applying the needles, 
which are then removed before 
his next performance. 


Bando divides style in acting 
into two general classifications: 
that of building the character 
slowly and quietly to its climax 
or beginning with a smash and 
then practicing the art of acting. 

“Because for a man to play on- 
nagata is unn atural,” he said, “I 
begin on the quiet side in order 
to be convincing. 

“One of the keys to acting a 
woman — and I've never said 
much about this to the Japanese 
press — is to preserve a fee l i n g of 
yearning, to preserve this yearn¬ 
ing within myself. It was a quali¬ 
ty of the great foreign actress 
Garbo.” He referred to Garbo’s 
Camille and admitted analysing 
her performance for bis own use. 
“How could I take her way, I 
wondered, and translate it into a 
Japanese style?” 

Besides Garbo, the actor has 
also studied the style and tech¬ 
niques of Vivien Leigh and Mari- 
Ivn Monroe. 





Canadians on Run 
Honor Cancer Victim 


Canadians by the thousands ra» 
walked or bicycled in wimcuwute 
across t be country on Ten* 

Day to raise money hv canwr 
search Fox. who died of cancer h 
June at age 21, captured the M 
uon's admiration bv aueRip t!BE * 
cross-Canada run on an ag fcfi.t r) 
leg. which replaced a limb hjTt3 
tor to cancer The progress # 
disease forced Fox to stop h* 

»a September. 1980. hat ran htiaZ 
he had covered 3,400 mi^ YI 
raised S2J miQiun for research a- 
the causes of cancer. Pcopj* ~ 
more than TOO dries and 
lock part in Terry Fux Day. 
ts to be an annual event, ihr , Jr 


is to be an annual event, the qtm. 
Euzcrs said. Each of the joeeaT 
walkers and cyclists wfed 


pledges tt f a certain anw-aa: <y 
money for each bksneier cc*oc& 



Kabiiki actor Tamasaburo Bando offstage, in costoat 


“I used Monroe as a pattern. 
for a certain type of woman, a 
woman who looks right with eve¬ 
ry m.ip She seems as if she want¬ 
ed to respond to anything a man 
asked of her. In a larger signifi¬ 
cance. she — and every woman 
— carries within her a symbol of 
Maria, the Virgin Mary.” 

Romantic and Idealistic 


reveals the secret of the spell he 
has cast upon Japan. 

“The thing about seducing a 
man — a life or on stage — is 
that you must never let him know 
it," the actor advises. “The audi¬ 
ence must not have the feeling 
that she's practicing a deception 
on the monk.” 


lion in Kobe’s world- Cur-like 
Ponopia. 

He said he would Lie to per¬ 
form in English, bu: does not 
know the language well enough. 

“Performing hr a fere^gs lan¬ 
guage is a big problem Comma- 
nicauen is difficult because nu¬ 
ances are ddferer.:.” 


The woman who whooped rvi a 
long and loud Arkansas Razor 
back cheer after she was crownaj 
die new Mitt America saw 
tust a “very dowma em h** r>a 
wa. People often hair a 
conceived notion of a 
.Arkansas or a Mite Aiwraa a 
like- They’re sirpmeri » fiai m 
Vm a real person" iri-veaww 
ESxabtft* Ward sokJ Missis 
she won the title in Aikaiie rw 
NJ.. Ward vemrf 


His Mew of Women 


“The interesting thing about 
women is that they can be com¬ 
pletely different according to the 
situation. They don't fit into a ra¬ 
tional pattern. They are more 
natural than men. more confi¬ 
dent. more basic. Women are like 
trees. They act like something 
that springs from the earth. What 
I do with the entity woman is 
take off just a corner of it and 
give it farm. 

“Acting is a frame like a lan¬ 
guage. Within a fixed and formal 


He admits without embarrass¬ 
ment that his vision of women is 
both romantic and idealistic. 

“That’s why I'm an onnagata. 
Women are wonderful; men. I 
fed sorry for. Men are cut off 
from the great noddy base. 
They're terrified because there's 
nothing solid to hang on to.” 

It is said in Jan an that onnaga¬ 
ta are more womanly than real 
women. They are the ideal mod¬ 
els of Japanese feminity. And. on 
stage, these exquisitely charming 
ladies usually get their man. In 
one of his favorite roles, the prin¬ 
cess Taema-hime in the play 
“Nar ukamL " Bando as princess 
must seduce a very powerful holy 
man. a monk who has kept the 
rains from the drought-plagued 
country. Within on hour in a daz¬ 
zling virtuoso performance the 
elegant princess wins: the celi¬ 
bate monk succumbs to her and 


Wfil he ever play a man’s role? 

“No. I've forgotten, or don’t 
know, the language of playing a 
him on stage. Performance is 
like language or speaking. You 
have to be in practice. Even in 
realism there is fons. 

“But because l do get tired of 
playing w omen I like to be a man 
in my daily life. I like women 
with whom one can do anything 
and not be tired and women who 
will fulfill my needs and not push 
their ways and needs on me. I 
like women from ages 16 to 65 
who are easygoing, generous, 
highly relaxed, and make no 
claims cr. me.” 


As he gets older, he is consid¬ 
ering directing rather than acting 
because “rearing a a great wor¬ 
ry. In 15 years Fu be 45.” 

Bando sounds werid-weary, 
hut it's a pcse to ado* ram to 
say: “The actor six'idd be a uaie 
bit sick of life a Lrt'e bit tired of 
acting, in order to make she per¬ 
formance scan human.” 


that, she confessed ^ier. si 
her hometown of Ruacilvuu. 
Ml. a coramurutv of !3,roo 
poultry is the mam uiduspv 
staging cekbr aure* m ha ha»r 


PnriwMaif TrarAr 

Bando is an enthusiastic tra¬ 
veler who loves Italy because of 
the opera and Greece for the 
open-air theater. In the United 
States be has visited Disneyland 
and Disney World because he 
served as a consultant for a paw 


The Kabuki season reopens 
this month with Tamiubcro 
Bando again playing the rote of 
the sensual process ra ” Nor-aka- 
mi.” However, he tuv “scandal¬ 
ized all Japan.” ov friends say, 
because he has refuted to play in 
the evenings ir. September, He 
will only do nuusoes Milan's La 
Scala opera is in Tokys and Baa¬ 
de is going »the perfartnaseex. 


An angry CaoL Mut PWIbl 
husband uf Britan's fetaa 
Anne, has dented aa .AuKr&fc. 
newspaper report that bis namac 
to Qu e rn rUzabetfa IT* 
daughter w oq the rock?. The 32- 
year-old former cavalry rifcc 
mapped at reporters when ayt«j -* 
the report m the Svdnev Scsir. 
Tckgrapb was unfounded -Yst 
Vou should know betier Lhza -■ 
even ask me.” 


"In order :c csper.srxc 
catharsis nr.self 1 g.' Co She op¬ 
era. There is sennethrsg aSxiut 
theater that brir.p ptxze to the 

liuffiir. " 


Sweden's Khtg Coorf Costaf ea 
Queen SBria are m China ice a Ik 
day visit and were gives a red ct- 
pet welcome in front uf the Gres 
Hall of the Pcc?lc. the office Cb- 
ratsc news agency said. 


AMERICA CALLING 


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ccrtacs cur feed dionbuiro- or. 


IntemaTianal Herald Tribune 
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htunobier Matgnon 723 30 05 ogentenr Ambution e xp eri en c e. Aba 

- entreprenurid sMb, occaptma of tong 

NEWLY: Townhouse. apprawiKPefy Nmi ewal vemen t end pride t* odueve- 
230 sqjn. AS comforts, restored, gar- went- AWocay e salary and adur beny 
den, porting. F 13.000. TeL 228 34 39 "WAppBrart* to forward CV. m eonfi- 


VICTOR HUGO 

Luxurious reception + 4 betfrooms. 


2 baths,phone. F12JOOO. 
Embassy Service 563 68 38. 


NBIHLY: Townhouse. ansodMdr 


52 AVE. BO&DONMASS (7rh| superb 
opertment 220 sojn. Ip floor. F7950 


OpCrtmnnt 220 sqjn. 1st floor, 
-v charges Visit 3-4 pm 


I dence rot ICE 

2Blerton Rood, London SW20 OB’ 


Send Order wsh pavmenl to J. Porulny. 
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL 
Int era a horc l Prws Centre 
76 Shoe Lone 
London E.C 4. England 


San Francisco suburb 
* EXECUTIVE HOME* 


International Business Message Center 


Luxury deni-estate in Tiburon, *A 
complete privacy and foB security, set in 


Tel: 288 7397,647 7011 TK630685F 


CAREFULLY SELECT 


REAL ESTATE 
FOR SALE 


Your Detective 


FRENCH PROVINCES 


Whatever *our problem naj be. 
tumt at 'Central Office'. '5 Ave. 


Inquiry or 'Cenrrcri Uhk* , 1 - Av«. 
VtoS - Hugo. 75116 Ports, Tel. 501 8012 
or 500 77 00. Free consutefton 


: ESTATE NEAR TOURS on 3 acres. 5 
I bedrooms, office, all comforts. 
. FI OCO JMO. Call f47J 56 98 6Q 


on# ocr® of profesondly lonoso^od 
grounds with large poet, offering 
rorrod dsung room, family roam. 
L-shaped frying roam and fibxry, plus 
5/6 bednoona, 4 both*, guest quarren 
and go unn et tatdien with utifrty room, in 
nearly 5000 so. ft. Easy c o r wnu ting to 
San lranctsooL$675^)00. 

Contort: 

BankAmenca-Intemahond Trust Office, 
StHelem.1 UndemhoftaondonEC3A8HN 

TetOI 236 5266or trite, 884552. 


ATTENTION BUSINESSMEN: Publish yvur Business Meuagt in the Inttma ri a ti a i Herald Tribune; over « quarter of a tmUion readers 
woridsoidr. man cf tdwm an m bruinest end industry. sriU nod yimr nteesage. Jtai telex as Pari* 61359S. Before 10:00 tun. ensuring that 
toe can idaxyats book and your message mil appear xeiihin 48 hours. You Kill be billed at U£.SiL20 Or leeolequhxdenl per line. You mast 
include complete and rerifmblc billing address. 


^ _ *w*A»_ n* 3 i mi i m r -ass ce j . Frundt no-1 

Tel- 2A41B5 - Te«x 9405 r>o exniy neb ami m Pam Wrde Bo i 

■6 pu. fe»te*Jte^ ' - — So S7 * terald T -fern*. 9252' Pfotefi i 

^ZSZ^Tam. CAM, M. 

JidartaA.ta: I MANAGBt. IRB4CH MAHONAUnr. sfaenr Enoiih.*-*x* & KuSMm ( 

Amnesty fattenetiand. , 29. good frrcwledge of &gfah. Ger • yeefu W l te g A UfcA i« VB K* | 
S».LondonWC2E7HF ; exr, Russrtn. Experience at dotheig ji /mt s me m ttee wxxto fa eeterobhi i 
I 836 7788. > rode, fomay products WXng s ts»- Atftrse OL W te K Bom 309. Herald ' 

• cl, seefa postern as Ida tfc-ertor or ' T'toorte 93521 Pfautiv Codes, fona \ 
he return cf CB o eie te ri ' monoper m same fate. Pons bomd. Tri- ' fO KBI W O . lOumaten experience, i 
te- 73 October iP3i. f 757 41 45 or w W P. Wo 37 Z»e . Sotro! Soericv degree, fiuetit f 

_ fttrowniim.9220CNesriKi.TtWX* I ftench. Spexteh-ta^sh. SC worfeng , 

! fUMNClM 8 ADMMSTRATIVt. pepn Age 26. Seeks dwfcng^ po- i 
i Ranger, 40. iuw w l egde of fterxdi fie- • e6on, Porte W.-tie Bex 195. Herald 
■ cot Sfcjd poficy 15 yearsexptesence . 7-tone.9552! Nutrify Cede*, Franoe 
XunVEPOSXTlQNfi « US fonroal -eportma. W-ne Baa . MGUSHMAM. TXAVBSX WBmg ip 
SSHJEfSStfP 147. Herald Triune. 9$52! NeuBy . -o* workteteD. d»Aw. MMy, 

! Cedea. franco. ■ txmdyaxs:. ro d dumd . msomnhcwioi 

! rKnn nnemme _ ‘ 5?®^ « fomale employers. T#i.: 

GEN«^P(^nONS i Genoaov |RJ89.':S7 2862. 
---AVAILABLE- flBHCH ARCHTIECT, ajanetri m \ 

I cM i inlBrQpjfli amfaaa^tti Am- 1 

~ WeB estobfisbed growing w nWcsd ; o*n . c Hvr* m zrmhcvmt ric. con. 

! ca c npony [Ptm bosed; oBSnbrtmg te; ^ =* S5«- W-"* Bos 21fl, Hendd I 
“W?* own wide range of office protuett. 9I3e- NecsSy Cede*, ftmci I 

__ I teeto ■ AMBHCAN M PASS -wriwe » pro. 

j 2M1BMW ■ «ng ssev ws?i> odd nhfc Cofl Mr A*at : 

| 

iw. Wnax « a a permanent position. Expermce «• 7al-prtvea 193)34 !4f£T. 

j speoofin, seBmgaa osaOt. Bemuneronon; —„—■ . , 

I isconaderaWytxgber tbonoverogeand - TEACBINC POStTKtNS 1 


For advemwa u tforme h — 
conMcf the TRIB'i 
office in yownte»r. 


HEADoma 


teri»:Mc> ?r~ers 
Tel 747 12 nL 


te n et eed eew i A-<^ ■ C'<- 
Tet 20 36 !J 


A tfie ne. I C F»^o»or 
Iri 361 83W'35i»2«r- 


II 


FOR MORE EXECUTIVE POSITIONS 


I wuli : ArtM sotssne 
lei 34314 99 

ynanlrturttH L--»s w " 
to' 78 V> PS 
leu seteB &uy 
Te< J9 5SB4 
UdWC B*a AxtOJ 
Tel 57 27 73 4 66 7’** 
London! M.-W 
Tel 2*2 S’ 73 
Madrid: a iK^irw* 
TeL 455 33 06 
Ramet *wm« V»n«roAi> 

Tel . 679 34 27 


BUSINE SS 

OPPORTUNITIES 


BUSINE SS 

OPPORTUNITIES 


DIAMONDS 


OFFICE SERVICES 


COMPUTER PORTRAITS 


INVEST IN DIAMONDS 


PARIS A SUBURBS 


TEXAS, ULA 


DIVORCE IN 24 HOURS forbgn company sbis iu ) j 

cr a rJPtfed ccttoniv cost. AVC RoiX® 1 Or d® Sorfol0 ( 

sr ttriLWS- i i 

cSa 5 ]Avi.rSSfoc' i C-impleMv equipped and j 

Ba^ASSS' " i ^3593301.^._ 


8465 ortes of irrigated form land in 
Texas. USA. 513H) pet'acre. Owner 
wiB cash lease for $65 per acre. 
Jushce Land Astooo tion. Bc ec SU 
Dcfhart, Texas 79022. 
Telephone: 606/2496444 


IN COLOR OR BA W 
AN MSTANT MOTCY MAXBt 
THAT CAN EARN YOU 
56000/ $8000 per month 
A portrait from a live subject or From a 
photo in lest than 60 sec. This can be 
instontfy ti n afa rr ed on to o T-shirt or 
most any tedfe item. FtM or part-time. 
Alt CASH BUSNE5S- PortabteTNo ex- 
penenea necessary. Exo rfl er* for shop- 
ping canters, resorti, shows, hotels, mrf 
onJor, comivdk fairs or any high traffic 


L .BEAltTf SALON OiAX , . A Trustworthy hrvesJmertt 

For irie. wyi Imown and esWUtshed. With a CoasUmd bscrerse to Vofue. 

I 51 years m fomJy poteesBcn. >3 stores 

■n bed sfwpping censer. Dterrit area. By Now ytx: have the opportunity to pur- 


Zunch isbea! 

Your Business Address 
or Office in Switzerland 


" every encourbgssnenf a grime to UK- \ AVAILABLE 1 

! CMCL &ng of 5 c« hrxnfor apportrrtort. r - ■ ■ 1 1 I 

Pens 0316 4R ';QUA1MB> 1HL AND EV teachers \ 

_ 1 n eede d for tew. I te mw 3 yeo» n- i 

J WVBTMS4T BANKMG RRM, Place ; peneeee -rit aduftt. wa>l> papers a ; 
I Vendome, seeia two expnenced nat. bttfri: modter toogue pluf good [ 
j Irierasts. frfcgjd Frendt£ogM>. one : y «nd teq eseroe rts to Box : 

[ fdMime and one perMune attemoons. : <H, Herald 'tens. 922S1 Nterily t 
Co8 260 34M Pons. Cedea.ftonos I 


HsmeKengtC C"'" 
T«i. 5 420 90/. 
Nsw Yorhj 53id, D 

Tel. 752 

TolAwhr.OBrFter.Lt' 
Tei 229 B7L 


ownfcf: C r S ! ri Enn ^ ® r *Q Uf « ch am domoodi far mv ^i t rn qid from th# i 


T«fc (93*04 62 a. 


FLORIDA 


fecotton, Systems priced mom $10/100 
to S 18,000, FOB Frankfurt 
. KEMACOMftJTBJ SYSTEMS 


CBtTAMS IMPOTS, taxes.au 4ati 
peuvent etre (egriement evitas cci per 
la ereatton d *vrm societe civile dans un 
pays ufiiusii Cparis fiscoleX 
Bte wrign eraetxs CABAVOG cfo L&L 
NABTTz. Bex 47. B 1400 Neeles. Bri- 
|>aue- 


42 Rermwea. 0+8001 Zurich 
TeL 01 /211 2915. Telex 812656 mof. 


YOUR SUMMSI HANGOUT <N Pens. : 
Ert. dn-nfr. 7 am to d=w-. US has: Ole ! 
rastnon honfej^xrs. Amencan beer. | 
nruuc. --dec 63 r yu ferg. VcresM' , 
6rt. 3 I—pcsse de ia Got*, "ora 14th. . 
320 M 6C-. . 

WANTED: DETECTIVE AGSVCY to to-) 

erfe e-t’L'J.r-d fr- chto s.-poort - . 

SfJ*tc3rt sez. Be* Wyrioh NJ. '■ 
USA 0**81 __i 


FORfiGN COMP ANY SaL5 

AVE. GEORGE V 


Bvikfcrg a> rxoraftond dan. 

Reception v 2 bearaoms, 3 beths. 


, DREC7LY ONOQAN 

Property aoned for hotel or 53 andom- 
mum utkfs. 25 nries sovth «w ft*tt 
Beech. By owner: Gerdner.FJtoO) la 
Sngue. Teh France (93) 6* 62 67. 


DOT SIS POSTFACH 174082, 
6 FRAMCfUTT GBZMANY. 
T%(061 II 747808 
THE* 412713. 

Office hours 10am.4ani 
M COLOR OR B4W 


dressinq. Maid's room. 2 parfangs. 
Tel: 359 23 01.9 am - nocn 


PERSONALS 


RUE DE L’UNIVKStTE 


CERTAIN ALLAN: i ma-e Ou» dease. Ir l Srh century towrf|oiBe. Mipnonal - 
^r?4V- -ner v-v seme S,. Ja«o. retired MjerfmenL About 400 sqm on _ 
‘ * * - • garden, tiigr. ceilxwp. wooa-tj'*. Juit, 

MOVING fieri t-JSp: ones Tri: 261 16 50. 


SOUTH FLORIDA DEVaOPK 
seete Europton cantocn. Exper wnced m 
I condontmum sole. Chcrmnq Corporo- 
' ran. 1135 Gty htariond|a*Bu*5nB. 
Mxsmi. Ftomia 33130: (305)371-3*55 


* ATLANTIC CITY * 

FEW JERSEY 


CONTTNEX: TH. 281 18 81 PARIS. 

rv*5- OrBfi.4; A- & Sec to ol c=>-~ HENRI MARTIN 2 receptions. 3 bed- 
n*s. r ex —- -=K%. Also be sao s*. ' xms. 3 baths corking. 723 71 53. 


REAL ESTATE 
TO RENT/SHARE 


Attractive, profitable. raquetJiolJ. 
Nautilus (wwghr-trftmg aid excercbe) 
and swim-duo: carta ring 1 5 courts. 
steam rooms, soira and reriaurant, 
and c o mplete modem sporte foricies, 
mxtules from the beaches tad cosmos. 


K" r.^^rr3 ,L iS ia r n?!r U»«fon:«" the ftsrfa Hoadun Pfoce 

6Z7900CCMldMG. - 

AMAZON - CHARCOAL USS 130/ton 

DIAMONDS 

.SsS-fSS? 1 . 

LAWHALY AVO® vonras tores xt cfcect from teitwerp 

your cou ntry. C harter a o^l company center of the iarnond world.. 

t/i an A trican amnfry \ rrwra pcxo- Fud ntioi 

Far free p^S^rit. 

Box 47,8 7*00 hfiveBes, Bel^um. Joadsfaa Ooldenitefc 


leadng fast source efiamond co mp a ny 

ottheefiomond center of the world. NTBtNATKJNAl ORKI 

'Write for Free booklet PMtiool Guide 42 Rermxreg. CH8001 Zurich 
for Diamond Invediiiai*' or writ us wish- TeL 01/211 2915. Telex 812656 mof. | 
out nbfitpQTinn. ; 

ABdomondsajmmemmdbyaerdSeolo. • OflSee addrees fuJlftit wffc 
IMfcRNATTONAL ma ftw , phooe, telex. 

. DIAMOND SAU3L ! 

Head Office: 50-52 Havenierakoe*, • YossrmaZ, rn sw ng s r , t el exes nod | 


International Secretarial Positions 


_ SECRETARIAL 

poamo?is AVAILABLE 


SECRETARIAL 

posmore available 


HECRETARU1. 

POSmOJIfi A\ 4IIA8U. 


* Trifctgud secr e tari e s hoorty. 

• Fogy f u mtsfeeri modem officee. 


Quartser ETOOLE 
sooete interttononaie de comeh 
manActemeni re nu m m ee 
dwnrite 


IO0RSJLMMRS 
SMtodrostoSks 
seeta ftr risGenercSMonooer 


M1NERVE 

tiered, fagth 
■elejuais. Wine re *#W"» _* 
Victoi ■hhme. 7SI16 PiXA ft9m 
727AI69 


Monogenme. a 


DIAMONDS 


NEAR 

MADBBNE 


PARIS 


COLLABORATRICE 

CADRE 


SECRETARY 

Shorthand-Typist 


Your best buy. 
Sue cSaroonds in any orieff 
at lowmr whol es ale prir 


* Your bushwss addren. I - FRENCH/ BNGUSH j 

• Office addre ss fodSfies | - w _ „ ' 

SMP 4. rue de larcode. i p ^ “ I| i wTossW. ' 

THBtMMfil F.lHiMKW^ Co paKefedrt a to fad fmeemon ds| ! 


at lyri whol esale prices 
cteect from Antwerp 
center of the damond world.. 
FutL aiQrQrtMi 
For free price fist write 


g4raatiAnoN6L *21 

•eria secratary ^nm-s* wnh 1 


Sous ratrarite (f un de not ftwtoers. ale; __ „ . , . _, . 

*»vma rargansobon do recrtmmenr* 8*.^ fatee B peri od <pmm om f of 
des osrButents de nabxt bureau i Sm**at jmr* a jiswongt e- 

{70 personnel . pe neece m the Orated States xmuld bet 


ORCHID NURSERY «*■■** 

an Ergfilh xariorv 


THEXs 643061 F-TRs 268 0890 


BUSINESS SERVICES 


EstabSdied 1923 

Pettoanstro a t 62.83000 Anfwrp 


GREAT BRITAIN 


Asking price US 53^00.000. 
Wi orrango fmondng. 


bat 


306^ Ru* Parodis, PARIS-10* 
"thru the arrftway) 

T#J.: 770-64-30. 


LONDON 

Kingston H01 - Surrwy 
8 MAS PICCADRlY 
' Beatf-ful eottoge s u rrounded by nee * & 
; golf covne. 2 bedroom. I bathroom. 
■ srmg-riinng room, studio, gmage & 
eerden Furonhed. US54 QO per week. 
• Tifc Lwicn 01 W3 2727 or SS2 3356. 


Wi or range fmondng. 
Contort: _ . 

Ronrid 8Iue*tem Esq, Attorney ot tow. 

Suite 1200.2 Pent CraterFtaza. 
Pfotodephio 19102, USA. 


M GENEVA TOP SECURITY 
Body-guards and CAR RStTAL wih 
drwer. {RaBsCadRoc^MeroedesI._ 


Aantroat 62. B3000 Antww 
Bdwn - TeL Q 31 /3A0751 
71779 syl b. At the Diamond c 


i Thu 717/9 syl h. At the Diamond dub. 

| Heart of the A rt wer p Dim mud iudusti y- 


LOA8JONBUSSES___‘ Sf*dehont«tressra- «**oe"W cwmo- 

l 

j*!*"** oddroa - Pfew »*■! B ne pent e*wm, ou t, m wrm , W,*t wifcCV.^quaMto «he mf. HT. to : 

6288. Tehra 261*26. m°hf»te. wp aales ee eBes rfoatonone; 

HONG KONG BUSINESS ASDRE55 

a toutes team detrafc j 

Y«*««E TO. SSSnSSSl^ **" —* ““ j 

ANSWHBP4G S31VICE seereevy, Marie GRMBT 

En&aSgg *• . coNsaav^^T | 

LONDON BUSINESS ADDRESS/! 75017PaS7 ~ 1 


unrarma, Wnte 

Votec BP 8.94473 Briu- * jp 
France 


OFFICE SERVICES 


PRfVAM INVESTOR 
CONTAINS LEA5MG 


Whether you currently own Mmafted 
c i „ ngvnn Corttxner*. or are rartem 


Finest Crystal since 1764 

VV V“ “ rs~s .iff Ctir Museum and Showrooms 

> ’«r«. s-oax 8 


W. S'o-ric. s 4J#-*8» 

fa",-. •: -:3c^- . 


. i A.HUXSI w oiafiTO on iiuiutippnt m Mijioyec 

CBflRA I LOW ON - fiteftftrt «r- *nl wont IB i«l 

«s esartnerts m nr- bwtengi. nX, brodxjre. 

fcrrrfsV h^nahed Co n ttriner Fteef 

Crfv n«^seri^(.W on 'h rouch ftij}. for your Free copy. v/rOK 

erfiy TV, Phone for brochure JO*} 388 

■y: =r wrte Prorttertcj! Esteu. ■ nwls coNTA*«Sa(VlCE5.Aa 
:Vo,f=;t Ltd. 1 Uworory X.. Lon. i ***** Gofc«txase 18. 

'-vC '.HWE. : 014002 

ANDRFW5 l£TBNC & Monogemert. ] BASH. 

Ln:.-vr tw» end floss to tot ] S w i he rt on d. 

"■-cvcraut Lwdtir. Sirrey and Eaex. , 

‘r .’ 4390537/7953 i ——-- 


B4VE5TM94T A TAX CONSULTANT 
finandal writer oooepte derfc. Bax 
, 182, Herald Tribune. 92521 NeuOy 

e Ce^ex, France or eaB Paris 344 73 00. 

DON'T VOT LONDON ALOW. Tato 

.“SSS 

Managed DONT VKTT PARIS ALONE. Tcfce a 
read our hah standard « r - 

cS AfOSr 541 0! 89/09 55 75. 


YOUR 

FURNISHH3 OFFICE 
IN PARIS 


AMBmOUST toaetar] 
erfhng. PR ; 

Newdettof. 37 Qutx P ^ j 
Pans. I 


MBBDS3 PART TIME Frxrch ^ j 
jecreta-y for Pee* Cefl 
Pans 265 279* WJOom-Bpri 


Pom 16*1 

Has OB eaDettae opemag for a 


NEAR CHAMPS B.YSBS 
Bertdlwid. aB office fbcAn 
hWEfinguol Seeretsries 


flONBTHR fiteenxtet, SeMe tti 
8/Kegs* St, Wl. TeL 4397094. : 


47 atrishew 

75017 P»S7 


TRILINGUAL 

rbcbttonist 

(SMAuswnonous) 


SECRETAflffiS AV.UUg£« 


WTHU StASnC . _ 

ttsamnseoBA** 


LOTOON OFTKE. Irtermriond Sec- ‘ 
we»- AS roafcws. P.03., 31 Craven St i 
London WC2. pi) 8397481. ; 


freech & fix**, good tW. KKUn»»» 

t baa e ra sr i eo c e ecd be re6- ^ ffoxh/^Otoh, 36. teri“ 


financial 

INVESTMENTS 


phanA^fafimtesogesendee. ZU»CH 1. ANStHBONG SEKViCR : 
donxcuiolioni. m s m ic - - r in -ri ■,. ^ , 


Eaamv proiertor aid 
s frawfotion ecpxproatf. 


IMPETUS, Tergone 3,1:252 762). 


LONDON 


nxn. Mas hcM experience rad be refi- 
i able, punaef. and present good ap- 
"l pea tman . PVns art onsst ffooSo-: 
. graph, dfetaWCV^and (day raqae*-! 


menteto, Bax ljg, Hxrofcf Td 
92531 Nwrfy Cades. France. 


Bair 

Neuriy Cede* tnrsn- 


S9CMG SOPHSrtCAlB) or insMn- 
bonoi investor for gfom^ 


GEORGE V EXECUTIVE C90R 
30 AVE GEORGE V, 75008 PARS 
Tel: 723 78 08. Teton 612 225F. 


OFFICES FOR RENT 


oma TO SHAKE. George V. 21 
(asms, S> gjB., teL. teln. f*800 + 
T.VX Tefc 7* 9B 28 {parr»«.1 



rivy istpnd for pr c fo M or • Qd» 
sa, Soeyrific/mwtcal I wdy tw d a 


advantage. Same wwa oran»*»| MED A 1BWORAPT — 
tofrfoti 2fl62254.9JOatv430p" | CaB GAbtenBi.P***®® 


■MUSH ftA/SRCRgA Wgrt £»: 
tiusn. und 

able rariarir. «Sb ] 

WT. ttD Kxv-oy. - J 

MED ATBPPORA 9**0*?*.